Session 07
Python Flow Control
For Loops
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Python For Loops
A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a
tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).
This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages, and
works more like an iterator method as found in other object-orientated
programming languages.
With the for loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each
item in a list, tuple, set etc.
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fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
apple
banana
cherry
Note: The for loop does not require an indexing variable to set beforehand.
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Looping Through a String
Even strings are iterable objects, they contain a sequence of characters.
Loop through the letters in the word "banana":
for i in "banana":
print(i)
b
a
n
a
n
a
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The break Statement
With the break statement we can stop the loop before it has looped
through all the items:
Example
Exit the loop when x is "banana":
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fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
if x=="banana":
break
apple
banana
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Example
Exit the loop when x is "banana", but this time the break comes before the
print:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
break
print(x)
apple
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The continue Statement
With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration of the
loop, and continue with the next:
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Example
Do not print banana:
=============================
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
continue # skip next statements & continue loop
print(x)
==============================
apple
cherry
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The range() Function
To loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can use
the range() function,
The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by
default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified
number.
Eg. range(6)
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for x in range(6):
print(x)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Note: range(6) is not the values of 0 to 6, but the values 0 to 5. ie up to 6
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Using the start parameter:
for x in range(2, 6):
print(x)
2
3
4
5
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The range() function defaults to increment the sequence by 1, however it is
possible to specify the increment value by adding a third parameter: range(2,
30, 3):
for x in range(2, 10, 3):
print(x)
2
5
8
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Else in For Loop
The else keyword in a for loop specifies a block of code to be executed
when the loop is finished:
for x in range(3):
print(x)
else:
print("Finally finished!")
0
1
2
Finally finished!
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Note: The else block will NOT be executed if the loop is
stopped by a break statement.
Break the loop when x is 3, and see what happens with
the else block:
for x in range(6):
if x == 3:break
print(x)
else:
print("Finally finished!")
0
1
2
#If the loop breaks, the else block is not executed.
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Nested Loops
A nested loop is a loop inside a loop.
The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the
"outer loop":
Example
Print each adjective for every fruit:
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adj = ["red", "big", "tasty"]
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in adj:
for y in fruits:
print(x, y) # inner loop finishes first with outer loop value
red apple
red banana
red cherry
big apple
big banana
big cherry
tasty apple
tasty banana
tasty cherry
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The pass Statement
for loops cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have a for loop
with no content, put in the pass statement to avoid getting an error.
for x in [0, 1, 2]:
pass
# having an empty for loop like this, would raise an error without the
pass statement
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The END
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1) Write a program to find the factorial of a given no
2) Write a program to print natural numbers up to ‘n’
3) Write a program to print 2,4,8,16,32,…
4) Write a program to check the given no is Armstrong or not
5) Write a program to find the factors of a given no
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