ITC 1233 - OBJECT ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA PROGRAMMING
Ms.Nirasha Kulasooriya,
Lecturer, Dept. of ICT, FOT,USJ.
WHAT IS JAVA?
DO YOU KNOW HIM?
WHAT IS JAVA?
• Java was developed in the mid-1990s by James A. Gosling,
a former computer scientist with Sun Microsystems.
• Java is an Imperative, Object-Oriented, General Purpose
programming language.
• Cross-platform: Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA) as
opposed to Write Once, Compile Anywhere (WOCA)
EVOLUTION
OF JAVA?
EVOLUTION OF MODELS IN JAVA CODE
GENERATION
HOW DOES C/C++ WORK?
HOW DOES JAVA WORK?
JRE, JVM, JDK
FEATURES IN JAVA
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (IDE)
FIRST JAVA PROGRAM
ExampleClass.java
Class name The main
method
Starting point of
a Java program
Prints out the text into
the command-line.
Output: Welcome to Java Programming!
COMMENTS
End-of-line comments (single-line comments)
• Comment begins with // and terminates at the end of the
line
• Similar to C single-line comments
Traditional comments (multi-line comments)
• These begin with the delimiter /* and end with */
• Similar to C multi-line comments.
JAVADOC COMMENTS
• These are delimited by /** and */. The compiler ignores all text
between the delimiters.
• Javadoc comments enable you to embed program documentation
directly in your programs.
• These comments are the preferred Java documentation format in industry.
• The Javadoc utility program (part of the JDK) reads Javadoc comments and uses
them to prepare program documentation in HTML5 web-page format.
CLASS
• Every Java program consists of at least one class that you define.
• The class keyword introduces a class declaration and is immediately
followed by the class name (class ExampleClass).
• Keywords are reserved for use by Java and are spelled with all lowercase
letters.
• In Java, as a programming practice, class names usually follow the
UpperCamelCase naming convention. (e.g. ExampleClass)
Begins with a capital letter and capitalizes the first letter of each word they include
• A public class must be placed in a file that has a filename of the form
ClassName.java, so class Example is stored in the file Example.java
• A left brace begins the body of the class declaration. A corresponding right
brace ends the class declaration.
CLASS: EXAMPLE
Since the class is
public, this class
should be stored in a Class name
file named Upper camel case
ExampleClass.java
Body of the class
IDENTIFIERS
• Identifiers are the names of:
🢝 variables, methods, classes, packages and interfaces
• An identifier is series of characters consisting of –
🢝 letters, digits, underscores (_) and dollar signs ($)
🢝 that does not begin with a digit
🢝 and does not contain spaces
• Java is case-sensitive
🢝 Uppercase and lowercase letters are different in Java
🢝 a1 and A1 are different identifiers
LET’S TEST
QUESTION: WHICH OF THESE ARE VALID
IDENTIFIERS IN JAVA?
1. e Welcome1
2. $value
3. 67value
4. _value
5. input field
6. m_inputField1
7. 7_button
METHODS: THE ‘MAIN’ METHOD
• The main method is the starting point of every Java application.
• The parentheses after the identifier main indicate that it’s a program
building block called a method.
• Java class declarations normally contain one or more methods.
• For a Java application, one of the methods must be called main and
must be defined as above; otherwise, the program will not execute.
METHODS: THE ‘MAIN’ METHOD
• Methods perform tasks and can return information when they
complete their tasks.
• Keyword void indicates that this method will not return any
information.
• The left brace begins the body of the method
declaration. A corresponding right brace ends it.
void means nothing is returned from
the method
Name of the method
Body of the method
OUTPUT
• The below code instructs the computer to display the
characters between the double quotation marks.
• The quotation marks themselves are not displayed.
• Together, the quotation marks and the characters between
them are a known as a string literal. White-space characters in
strings are not ignored by the compiler.
• Strings cannot span multiple lines of code.
COMPILING A PROGRAM
To compile the java program, type the following in the
command-line:
Syntax javac JavaFileName.java
Example javac ExampleClass.java
If the program does not contain compilation errors, this command
creates the file: ExampleClass.class containing the platform
independent Java bytecodes that represents the application.
EXECUTING A PROGRAM
To run the java program, type the following in the command-line:
Syntax java JavaFileName
Example java ExampleClass
When we use the java command to execute the application on a
given platform, the JVM will translate these bytecodes into
instructions that are understood by the underlying operating system
and hardware.
IMPORT DECLARATIONS
• A great strength of Java is its rich set of predefined classes that
you can reuse rather than “reinventing the wheel.”
• These classes are grouped into packages – named groups of
related classes and are collectively referred to as the Java class
library, or the Java Application Programming Interface. (Java
API)
USER INPUT
• The Scanner (package java.util) enables a program to read
data to be used in a program.
• Integers, floats, doubles, Strings etc.
ANY QUESTIONS?
