Java: Fundamentals and Practical Guide
Abstract
A comprehensive guide to Java programming covering core concepts, object-oriented principles, common
libraries, build tools, and real-world applications. Includes sample code snippets and best practices.
Introduction
Java is a versatile, class-based, object-oriented programming language widely used for building cross-platform
applications. First released by Sun Microsystems in 1995, Java emphasizes portability via the JVM (Java Virtual
Machine).
History and Ecosystem
Java's ecosystem includes the JDK, JVM, Java Standard Library, and a large ecosystem of frameworks such as
Spring, Hibernate, and tools like Maven and Gradle.
Core Concepts
Variables, data types, control flow (if, switch, loops), methods, exception handling, and packages.
Object-Oriented Programming
Classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and interfaces. Example: defining classes,
constructors, and method overriding.
Concurrency and Multithreading
Thread class, Runnable, ExecutorService, synchronization, and common pitfalls like race conditions and
deadlocks.
Build Tools & Testing
Maven and Gradle for builds; JUnit and Mockito for testing.
Sample Code
public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, Java!"); } }
Use Cases & Industry Adoption
Enterprise backend services, Android (historically), distributed systems, big-data tools like Hadoop.
Advanced Topics
JVM internals, garbage collection, performance tuning, modularization (JPMS).
References
Official Java documentation, Oracle tutorials, Effective Java (Joshua Bloch).
