Sure!
Below are Python programs demonstrating each of the topics you've mentioned:
---
### 1. **Flow Controls, Functions, and String Manipulation**
```python
# Flow Control: if-else
def check_even_odd(num):
if num % 2 == 0:
return "Even"
else:
return "Odd"
# Function: String Manipulation
def reverse_string(s):
return s[::-1]
# Example Usage:
number = 5
print(f"{number} is {check_even_odd(number)}.")
text = "Python"
print(f"Reversed string: {reverse_string(text)}")
```
---
### 2. **Operations on Tuples and Lists**
```python
# Tuple Operations
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4)
print("Tuple:", my_tuple)
print("Tuple Length:", len(my_tuple))
print("Index of 3 in Tuple:", my_tuple.index(3))
# List Operations
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
my_list.append(50)
print("List after Append:", my_list)
my_list.remove(30)
print("List after Remove:", my_list)
```
---
### 3. **Operations on Sets**
```python
# Set Operations
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print("Set:", my_set)
my_set.add(6)
print("Set after Add:", my_set)
my_set.remove(2)
print("Set after Remove:", my_set)
# Union and Intersection
set_a = {1, 2, 3}
set_b = {3, 4, 5}
print("Union of A and B:", set_a | set_b)
print("Intersection of A and B:", set_a & set_b)
```
---
### 4. **Operations on Dictionary**
```python
# Dictionary Operations
my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}
print("Original Dictionary:", my_dict)
my_dict["age"] = 26 # Update value
print("Updated Dictionary:", my_dict)
my_dict["country"] = "USA" # Add new key-value pair
print("Dictionary after Adding new key:", my_dict)
del my_dict["city"] # Remove key
print("Dictionary after Deleting key:", my_dict)
```
---
### 5. **Simple OOP – Constructors – Create a class for representing a car**
```python
class Car:
def __init__(self, brand, model, year):
self.brand = brand
self.model = model
self.year = year
def display_info(self):
print(f"Car Information: {self.year} {self.brand} {self.model}")
# Example Usage:
car1 = Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2020)
car1.display_info()
```
---
### 6. **Method Overloading – Create classes for Vehicle and Bus**
```python
class Vehicle:
def display_info(self):
print("This is a vehicle")
class Bus(Vehicle):
def display_info(self, capacity=None):
if capacity:
print(f"This bus can carry {capacity} passengers.")
else:
print("This is a bus.")
# Example Usage:
bus1 = Bus()
bus1.display_info() # Method Overloading (No argument)
bus1.display_info(50) # Method Overloading (With argument)
```
---
### 7. **Files – Reading and Writing – Perform basic operation of reading and writing with student
file**
```python
# Writing to a file
with open("student.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("Name: John Doe\n")
file.write("Age: 20\n")
file.write("Course: Computer Science\n")
# Reading from a file
with open("student.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)
```
---
### 8. **Regular Expressions**
```python
import re
# Match a phone number pattern (e.g., 123-456-7890)
pattern = r"\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}"
phone_number = "Call me at 123-456-7890"
match = re.search(pattern, phone_number)
if match:
print(f"Found phone number: {match.group()}")
else:
print("Phone number not found.")
```
---
### 9. **Modules**
```python
# Assuming we have a module named 'math_operations.py'
# math_operations.py content:
# def add(a, b):
# return a + b
# Main Script
import math_operations
result = math_operations.add(5, 7)
print(f"The sum is: {result}")
```
---
### 10. **Packages**
1. Create a directory `mypackage` with an `__init__.py` file.
2. Inside `mypackage`, create a file `calculator.py` with the following content:
```python
# calculator.py inside mypackage
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def subtract(a, b):
return a - b
```
3. Now, in the main script, you can import and use the package:
```python
from mypackage import calculator
sum_result = calculator.add(10, 20)
print(f"Sum: {sum_result}")
difference_result = calculator.subtract(10, 5)
print(f"Difference: {difference_result}")
```
---
### 11. **Exception Handling**
```python
def divide_numbers(a, b):
try:
result = a / b
except ZeroDivisionError:
return "Error: Cannot divide by zero."
except Exception as e:
return f"An error occurred: {e}"
else:
return f"The result is: {result}"
# Example Usage:
print(divide_numbers(10, 2)) # Valid division
print(divide_numbers(10, 0)) # Division by zero error
print(divide_numbers(10, 'a')) # Invalid data type error
```
---
These Python examples cover all the topics you've mentioned. Let me know if you'd like more detailed
explanations or have any further questions!
