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Internet

The history of the Internet began in the 1950s with research into packet switching and the development of early networks like ARPANET. In the 1980s, TCP/IP was standardized and networks like NSFNET expanded access to the growing Internet. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had widespread commercial and cultural impact through technologies like email, the World Wide Web, and online commerce.

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30 views

Internet

The history of the Internet began in the 1950s with research into packet switching and the development of early networks like ARPANET. In the 1980s, TCP/IP was standardized and networks like NSFNET expanded access to the growing Internet. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had widespread commercial and cultural impact through technologies like email, the World Wide Web, and online commerce.

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malliknakka
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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The history of the Internet began with the development of computers in the 1950s.

This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access tosupercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercialinternet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with itsdiscussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking.

It is estimated that in 1993 the Internet carried only 1% of the information flowing through two-way telecommunication. By 2000 this figure had grown to 51%, and by 2007 more than 97% of all telecommunicated information was carried over the Internet.

History of INTERNET Early research and development: First packet-switching papers Merit Network founded ARPANET planning starts ARPANET carries its first packets Mark I network at NPL (UK) Network Information Center (NIC) Merit Network's packet-switched network operational Tymnet packet-switched network Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) established 1973 CYCLADES network demonstrated 1974 Telenet packet-switched network 1976 X.25 protocol approved 1979 Internet Activities Board (IAB) 1980 USENET news using UUCP 1980 Ethernet standard introduced 1981 BITNET established Merging the networks and creating the Internet:
1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1961 1966 1966 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972

Computer Science Network(CSNET) TCP/IP protocol suite formalized Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) Domain Name System (DNS) MILNET split off from ARPANET

1986 1986 1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994

NSFNET with 56 kbit/s links Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) UUNET founded NSFNET upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s (T1) OSI Reference Model released Morris worm Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) PSINet founded, allows commercial traffic Federal Internet Exchanges(FIXes) GOSIP (without TCP/IP) ARPANET decommissioned Advanced Network and Services(ANS) UUNET/Alternet allows commercial traffic Archie search engine Wide area information server(WAIS) Gopher Commercial Internet eXchange(CIX) ANS CO+RE allows commercial traffic World Wide Web (WWW) NSFNET upgraded to 45 Mbit/s (T3) Internet Society (ISOC) established Classless Inter-Domain Routing(CIDR) InterNIC established Mosaic web browser released Full text web search engines North American Network Operators' Group (NANOG) established Leonard-Kleinrock (He is first to use interface message processor)

Inter network diagram

Router (It routes internet pages to all users form central server)

(WIFI) Wireless Access Point) This device used to get internet with out wires

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