Python notes explanation
PYTHONE NOTES WITH EACH TOPICES EXPLAIN
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PYTHONE NOTES WITH EACH TOPICES EXPLAIN
Here’s a complete set of Python notes with each topic explained in a beginner-
friendly way. You can use these notes to learn Python step-by-step or review
important concepts.
🐍 Python Notes – Full Course Summary
1. Introduction to Python
What is Python?
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its
readability and simplicity.
✅ Used in web development, data science, AI, automation, etc.
Features:
Easy syntax
Dynamically typed
Interpreted
Cross-platform
Open-source
Huge standard library
2. Python Installation & IDEs
Use python.org to download Python.
Common IDEs: PyCharm, VS Code, Jupyter Notebook, IDLE
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3. Basic Syntax
Comments:
python
# This is a comment
Print Statement:
python
print("Hello, World!")
4. Variables and Data Types
Variable Declaration:
python
name = "Alice"
age = 25
Data Types:
int , float , str , bool , list , tuple , dict , set , None
5. Type Casting
Convert between types:
python
int("10") # 10
str(100) # "100"
float("3.14") # 3.14
6. Operators
Arithmetic: + , - , * , / , // , % , **
Comparison: == , != , > , < , >= , <=
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Logical: and , or , not
Assignment: = , += , -= , etc.
7. Conditional Statements
python
if age > 18:
print("Adult")
elif age == 18:
print("Just 18")
else:
print("Minor")
8. Loops
For loop:
python
for i in range(5):
print(i)
While loop:
python
i=0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
Break & Continue
9. Functions
python
def greet(name):
return "Hello " + name
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print(greet("Alice"))
Default arguments, keyword arguments, return values
10. Data Structures
List
python
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
fruits.append("mango")
Tuple
python
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
Set
python
unique_nums = {1, 2, 3}
Dictionary
python
student = {"name": "John", "age": 22}
print(student["name"])
11. String Handling
python
text = "Hello World"
print(text.lower(), text.upper(), text.replace("Hello", "Hi"))
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12. Input/Output
python
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello", name)
13. Exception Handling
python
try:
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
finally:
print("Done")
14. File Handling
python
# Write to file
with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello")
# Read from file
with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.read())
15. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Class & Object
python
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class Car:
def __init__(self, brand):
self.brand = brand
def drive(self):
print(self.brand + " is driving")
my_car = Car("Toyota")
my_car.drive()
Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation
16. Modules & Packages
python
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
17. Lambda Functions
python
square = lambda x: x ** 2
print(square(5))
18. List Comprehensions
python
squares = [x*x for x in range(10)]
19. Working with Libraries
Popular libraries:
math , random , datetime
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numpy – numerical computation
pandas – data manipulation
matplotlib – data visualization
requests – HTTP requests
20. Virtual Environments & pip
Create virtual environment:
bash
python -m venv env
Install packages:
nginx
pip install package_name
21. Advanced Topics (Optional)
Decorators
Generators
Iterators
Recursion
Multithreading
Regular Expressions ( re module)
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