Training | Phase 2
Software Training
Task 1
Subtask 1
You are required to count the occurrence count of all words in a string.
Start by making an empty dict to store every word as a key and its value is an int representing the
number of occurrences. Write a loop to go over a dummy list of words (strings). If a word already exists
as a key in the dictionary, increment its corresponding value by 1. If the word doesn’t exist yet, create its
key-value pair easily using indexing, e.g mydict[word] = 1
For checking if a key exists in a dict, you may use a condition OR a try-except block. Consult the
documentation:
dict: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict
Search for a method or operation that returns a distinct value or raises an exception if a key is not found.
You may also instead use a search engine to look for a boolean operation on dictionaries and keys.
Now place the code you made inside a function with the following definition:
count words()
def count_words(sentence: str) -> dict[str, int]:
word_count_dict = {}
# turn string into list
# insert your loop here
return word_count_dict
Required Code
One more requirement we need is a default argument that allows similar words with different capitalization
to count towards the same word.
count words
def count_words(sentence: str, case_sensitive=False) -> dict[str, int]:
word_count_dict = {}
# turn string into list
# insert your loop here
# if case_sensitive == False:
# normalize current word to upper or lower case
# continue looping
return word_count_dict
Make sure to consult the string documentation for managing its case/ capitalization, and for splitting into a
list:
str.lower(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.lower
str.split(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.split
• Robotics is our N/Game • 1
Training | Phase 2
Testing Subtask 1
Save the previous function in a file called word counter.py and download the tester main file from here:
test st1.py: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_VtxnnSmeah6r1RBRtEE8e8ecNeqv0LA/
Subtask 1
test st1.py+
word counter.py +: file is given
Subtask 2
You will find a recap on file operations after the task description.
You are required to take user input as strings and write these sentences to a file in plaintext format. The
program will only exit when you use Ctrl+C. So you have to save the input strings to the files line-by-line.
Here’s an example of the code being run and its output file:
Terminal I/O
> Never gonna give you up
> never gonna let you down
output.txt
Never gonna give you up
never gonna let you down
Required Code
save sentence()
from pathlib import Path
def save_sentence(sentence: str, file_name = 'output.txt') -> bool:
file_path = Path(file_name)
# open file with append mode; see page 4 for hints
# write the string with a newline in the end
# make sure the file is closed or use the "with" keyword
# optionally handle permission exceptions with try-except and return False if an
exception occurs, also print error description
return True # success
Testing Subtask 2
Save the function in a file called line saver.py; write your own testing file similar to that in Subtask 1
Subtask 2
test st2.py+
line saver.py +: FILE TO BE INCLUDED IN SUBMISSION
• Robotics is our N/Game • 2
Training | Phase 2
Subtask 3
Take a second to review looping techniques on data-structures:
https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques
You are required to implement a new text-based structured data format, like json. Example of transfor-
mation from dict to this new format:
dict
test_dict = {
'Name': 'Jon',
'Passport Number': 'A23B120',
'Occupation': 'Airfoce Commander',
'Married': True,
'Age': 34
}
Output.txt
Name = Jon
Passport Number = A23B120
Occupation = Airfoce Commander
Married = True
Age = 34
Required Code
data saver()
from pathlib import Path
import json
def data_saver(data: dict, data_format = 'json', file_name = 'output') -> bool:
# valid formats: json, txt
file_name += data_format # output.txt vs output.json
file_path = Path(file_name)
if data_format == 'json':
with file_path.open('w') as file:
json.dump(data, file)
elif data_format == 'txt':
with file_path.open('a') as file: # append-mode
# loop over data keys
# for each key, write a new-line terminated string in the format: key = value
# optionally handle exceptions, around both "with file_path.open()" blocks, with
try-except and return False if an exception occurs, also print error description
return True # success
Make sure to write your test running code and submit the file containing the function above, and the test
running code.
• Robotics is our N/Game • 3
Training | Phase 2
Revision on File Handling
Please take some time to revise basic file operations:
file methods: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#methods-of-file-objects
file.open(mode) basic modes:
Mode Description
r Default. Opens existing file for reading only.
Write mode. If file doesn’t exist, creates it. If
w
it exists, erases all contents first.
Append mode. If you write to file, text is
a added to the end of the file. If the file doesn’t
exist, it is automatically created.
Text mode. Default with r mode, i.e open() is
t
open('rt'). Can be used with other modes.
b Binary mode. Can be used with other modes.
Read-write mode. Opens existing file, places
r+ a cursor at the start of the file, allows you to
move the cursor around for writing.
file.open() techniques:
Opening File for Read
from pathlib import Path
file_path = Path('output.txt')
if file_path.exists():
file = file_path.open()
first_sentence = file.read_line()
print(first_sentence)
file.close()
(Unsafe) Opening File for Write
from pathlib import Path
file_path = Path('output.txt')
file = file_path.open('w') # or file_path.open('a')
file.write('Hello World\n')
file.close() # very important when writing
(Safe) Opening File for Write
from pathlib import Path
file_path = Path('output.txt')
with file_path.open('w') as file: # automatically closes the file after the block
file.write('Hello World\n')
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