PYTHON WEEK2 NOTES

So far, you have only stored small bits of data in a variable. This was either an integer, Boolean
or a string.

But what happens if you need to work with more complex information, such as a collection of
data like a list of people or a list of companies? Data structures are designed for this very
purpose.

A data structure allows you to organize and arrange your data to perform operations on them.
Python has the following built-in data structures: List, dictionary, tuple and set. These are all
considered non-primitive data structures, meaning they are classed as objects, we will explore
this more.

Along with the built-in data structures, Python allows users to create their own. Data structures
such as Stacks, Queues and Trees can all be created by the user.

Each data structure can be designed to solve a particular problem or optimize a current solution
to make it much more performant.

Mutability and Immutability

Data Structures can be mutable or immutable.

Mutability refers to data inside the data structure that can be modified. For example, you can
either change, update, or delete the data when needed. A list is an example of a mutable data
structure.
An immutable data structure will not allow modification once the data has been set. The tuple is
an example of an immutable data structure.

n Python, lists are used to store multiple data at once. For example,

Suppose we need to record the ages of 5 students. Instead of creating 5 separate variables, we
can simply create a list:

Lists Elements

Create a Python List

https://youtu.be/AbokQb8Lpgk

A list is created in Python by placing items inside [], separated by commas. For example,

Here, we have created a list named numbers with 3 integer items.

A list can have any number of items and they may be of different types (integer, float, string,
etc.). For example,
Access Python List Elements
In Python, each item in a list is associated with a number. The number is known as a list index.

We can access elements of an array using the index number (0, 1, 2 …). For example,

In the above example, we have created a list named languages.

List Indexing in Python

Here, we can see each list item is associated with the index number. And, we have used the index
number to access the items.

Note: The list index always starts with 0. Hence, the first element of a list is present at index 0,
not 1.

Slicing of a Python List

In Python, it is possible to access a section of items from the list using the slicing operator :, not
just a single item. For example,

Here,

 my_list[2:5] returns a list with items from index 2 to index 4.

 my_list[5:] returns a list with items from index 1 to the end.
 my_list[:] returns all list items

Note: When we slice lists, the start index is inclusive but the end index is exclusive.
Add Elements to a Python List
Python List provides different methods to add items to a list.

1. Using append()

The append() method adds an item at the end of the list.

For example,

Here, append() adds 32 at the end of the array.

2. Using extend()

We use the extend() method to add all items of one list to another. For example,
In the above example, we have two lists named prime_numbers and even_numbers. Notice the
statement,

Change List Items

Python lists are mutable. Meaning lists are changeable. And, we can change items of a list by
assigning new values using = operator. For example,
Remove an Item From a List
1. Using del()

In Python, we can use the del statement to remove one or more items from a list. For example,
2. Using remove()

We can also use the remove() method to delete a list item.

For example:
Here, languages.remove('Python') removes 'Python' from the languages list.

Python List Methods

Python has many useful list methods that make it really easy to work with lists.
Iterating through a List
We can use the for loop to iterate over the elements of a list. For example,

Python List Comprehension

List comprehension is a concise and elegant way to create lists.

A list comprehension consists of an expression followed by the for statement inside square
brackets.

Here is an example to make a list with each item being increasing by power of 2.
In the above example, we have used the list comprehension to make a list with each item being
increased by power of 2. Notice the code,

Tuples
A tuple in Python is similar to a list. The difference between the two is that we cannot change the
elements of a tuple once it is assigned whereas we can change the elements of a list.

Creating a Tuple
https://youtu.be/9MJLLZSDJQk
A tuple is created by placing all the items (elements) inside parentheses (), separated by commas.
The parentheses are optional, however, it is a good practice to use them.
A tuple can have any number of items and they may be of different types (integer, float, list,
string, etc.).

Create a Python Tuple With one Element

In Python, creating a tuple with one element is a bit tricky. Having one element within
parentheses is not enough.

We can use the type() function to know which class a variable or a value belongs to.

Here,

 ("hello") is a string so type() returns str as class of var1 i.e. <class 'str'>
 ("hello",) and "hello", both are tuples so type() returns tuple as class of var1 i.e. <class
'tuple'>


Access Python Tuple Elements

Like a list, each element of a tuple is represented by index numbers (0, 1, ...) where the first
element is at index 0.
We use the index number to access tuple elements. For example,

1. Indexing

We can use the index operator [] to access an item in a tuple, where the index starts from 0.

So, a tuple having 6 elements will have indices from 0 to 5. Trying to access an index outside of
the tuple index range( 6,7,... in this example) will raise an IndexError.

The index must be an integer, so we cannot use float or other types. This will result in
TypeError.

Likewise, nested tuples are accessed using nested indexing, as shown in the example below.

In the above example,

 letters[0] - accesses the first element

 letters[5] - accesses the sixth element

2. Negative Indexing

Python allows negative indexing for its sequences.

The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2 to the second last item and so on. For example,
In the above example,

 letters[-1] - access last element

 letters[-3] - access third last element

Python Tuple Methods

In Python, methods that add items or remove items are not available with tuples. Only the
following two methods are available.

Some examples of Python tuple methods:

Here,
  my_tuple.count('p') - counts total number of 'p' in my_tuple
 my_tuple.index('l') - returns the first occurrence of 'l' in my_tuple

More Resources:

1. https://www.knowledgehut.com/tutorials/python-tutorial/python-lists-tuples
2. https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/python-tuple-vs-list-what-is-the-difference/
3. https://builtin.com/software-engineering-perspectives/python-tuples-vs-lists
4. https://realpython.com/python-lists-tuples/

DICTIONARY

Python dictionary is an ordered collection (starting from Python 3.7) of items. It stores elements
in key/value pairs. Here, keys are unique identifiers that are associated with each value.

https://youtu.be/Z17sMiY_Cqg

Let's see an example,

If we want to store information about countries and their capitals, we can create a dictionary with
country names as keys and capitals as values.

Create a dictionary in Python

Here's how we can create a dictionary in Python.
In the above example, we have created a dictionary named capital_city. Here,

1. Keys are "Nepal", "Italy", "England"

2. Values are "Kathmandu", "Rome", "London"

Note: Here, keys and values both are of string type. We can also have keys and values of
different data types.

Example 1: Python Dictionary

In the above example, we have created a dictionary named numbers. Here, keys are of integer
type and values are of string type.

Add Elements to a Python Dictionary

We can add elements to a dictionary using the name of the dictionary with [].

For example,
In the above example, we have created a dictionary named capital_city. Notice the line,

Here, we have added a new element to capital_city with key: Japan and value: Tokyo.

Change Value of Dictionary

We can also use [] to change the value associated with a particular key. For example,
In the above example, we have created a dictionary named student_id. Initially, the value
associated with the key 112 is "Kyle". Now, notice the line,

Here, we have changed the value associated with the key 112 to "Stan".

Accessing Elements from Dictionary

In Python, we use the keys to access their corresponding values. For example,
Here, we have used the keys to access their corresponding values.

If we try to access the value of a key that doesn't exist, we'll get an error.

For example,

Removing elements from Dictionary

We use the del statement to remove an element from the dictionary. For example,
Here, we have created a dictionary named student_id. Notice the code,

The del statement removes the element associated with the key 111.

We can also delete the whole dictionary using the del statement,
We are getting an error message because we have deleted the student_id dictionary and
student_id doesn't exist anymore.

Python Dictionary Methods

Methods that are available with a dictionary are tabulated below. Some of them have already
been used in the above examples.
Dictionary Membership Test
We can test if a key is in a dictionary or not using the keyword in. Notice that the membership
test is only for the keys and not for the values.

Iterating Through a Dictionary

We can iterate through each key in a dictionary using a loop.
Here, we have iterated through each key in the squares dictionary using the for loop.

More Resources:

1. https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries.asp
2. https://realpython.com/python-dicts/

SET

A set is a collection of unique data. That is, elements of a set cannot be duplicated.For example,
Suppose we want to store information about student IDs. Since student IDs cannot be
duplicated, we can use a set.
Python Set Elements

Create a Set in Python

https://youtu.be/9MJLLZSDJQk

In Python, we create sets by placing all the elements inside curly braces {}, separated by comma.

A set can have any number of items and they may be of different types (integer, float, tuple,
string etc.). But a set cannot have mutable elements like lists, sets or dictionaries as its elements.

Let's see an example,

In the above example, we have created different types of sets by placing all the elements inside
the curly braces {}.

Note: When you run this code, you might get output in a different order. This is because the set
has no particular order.

Create an Empty Set in Python

Creating an empty set is a bit tricky. Empty curly braces {} will make an empty dictionary in
Python.

To make a set without any elements, we use the set() function without any argument.

For example,
Here,

 empty_set - an empty set created using set()

 empty_dictionary - an empty dictionary created using {}

Finally we have used the type() function to know which class empty_set and empty_dictionary
belong to.

Duplicate Items in a Set

Let's see what will happen if we try to include duplicate items in a set.

Here, we can see there are no duplicate items in the set as a set cannot contain duplicates.

Add and Update Set Items in Python

Sets are mutable. However, since they are unordered, indexing has no meaning.

We cannot access or change an element of a set using indexing or slicing. Set data type does not
support it.

Add Items to a Set in Python

In Python, we use the add() method to add an item to a set. For example,
In the above example, we have created a set named numbers. Notice the line,

Here, add() adds 32 to our set.

Update Python Set

The update() method is used to update the set with items other collection types (lists, tuples, sets,
etc).

For example,

Here, all the unique elements of tech_companies are added to the company's set.

Remove an Element from a Set

We use the discard() method to remove the specified element from a set.

For example,
Here, we have used the discard() method to remove 'Java' from the languages set.

Built-in Functions with Set

Built-in functions like all(), any(), enumerate(), len(), max(), min(), sorted(), sum() etc. are
commonly used with sets to perform different tasks.
Iterate Over a Set in Python
Find Number of Set Elements
We can use the len() method to find the number of elements present in a Set.

For example,

Here, we have used the len() method to find the number of elements present in a Set.

Python Set Operations

Python Set provides different built-in methods to perform mathematical set operations like
union, intersection, subtraction, and symmetric difference.

Union of Two Sets

The union of two sets A and B include all the elements of set A and B.
Set Union in Python

We use the | operator or the union() method to perform the set union operation.

For example,
Note: A|B and union() is equivalent to A ⋃ B set operation.

Set Intersection
The intersection of two sets A and B include the common elements between set A and B.

Set Intersection in Python

In Python, we use the & operator or the intersection() method to perform the set intersection
operation.

For example,
Note: A&B and intersection() is equivalent to A ⋂ B set operation.

Difference between Two Sets

The difference between two sets A and B include elements of set A that are not present on set B.

Set Difference in Python

We use the - operator or the difference() method to perform the difference between two sets.

For example,
Note: A - B and A.difference(B) is equivalent to A - B set operation.

Set Symmetric Difference

The symmetric difference between two sets A and B includes all elements of A and B without
the common elements.
Set Symmetric Difference in Python

In Python, we use the ^ operator or the symmetric_difference() method to perform symmetric

difference between two sets.

For example,
Check if two sets are equal
We can use the == operator to check whether two sets are equal or not.

For example,

In the above example, A and B have the same elements, so the condition
evaluates to True. Hence, the statement print('Set A and Set B are equal') inside the if is
executed.

Other Python Set Methods

There are many set methods, some of which we have already used above. Here is a list of all the
methods that are available with the set objects:
More Resources:

1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sets-in-python/
2. https://realpython.com/python-sets/

PYTHON STRING AND STRING METHODS

In computer programming, a string is a sequence of characters.

For example, "hello" is a string containing a sequence of characters 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', and 'o'.

We use single quotes or double quotes to represent a string in Python.

https://youtu.be/lgCsATFlpos

For example,

We use single quotes or double quotes to represent a string in Python.

Here, we have created a string variable named string1. The variable is initialized with the string
Python Programming.

Example: Python String

In the above example, we have created string-type variables: name and message with values
"Python" and "I love Python" respectively.

Here, we have used double quotes to represent strings but we can use single quotes too.

Access String Characters in Python

We can access the characters in a string in three ways.

 Indexing: One way is to treat strings as a list and use index values.

For example,
  Negative Indexing: Similar to a list, Python allows negative indexing for its strings.

For example,

 Slicing: Access a range of characters in a string by using the slicing operator colon :

For example,

Note: If we try to access an index out of the range or use numbers other than an integer, we will
get errors.

Python Strings are immutable

In Python, strings are immutable. That means the characters of a string cannot be changed.
For example,

However, we can assign the variable name to a new string.

For example,

Python Multiline String

We can also create a multiline string in Python. For this, we use triple double quotes """ or triple
single quotes '''.
For example,

In the above example, anything inside the enclosing triple quotes is one multiline string.

Python String Operations

There are many operations that can be performed with strings which makes it one of the most
used data types in Python.

1. Compare Two Strings

We use the == operator to compare two strings. If two strings are equal, the operator returns
True. Otherwise, it returns False.

For example,
In the above example,

 str1 and str2 are not equal. Hence, the result is False.
 str1 and str3 are equal. Hence, the result is True.

2. Join Two or More Strings

In Python, we can join (concatenate) two or more strings using the + operator.
In the above example, we have used the + operator to join two strings: greet and name.

Iterate Through a Python String

We can iterate through a string using a for loop.

For example,
Python String Length
In Python, we use the len() method to find the length of a string.

For example,

String Membership Test

We can test if a substring exists within a string or not, using the keyword in.
Methods of Python String
Besides those mentioned above, there are various string methods present in Python. Here are
some of those methods:

Escape Sequences in Python

The escape sequence is used to escape some of the characters present inside a string.

Suppose we need to include both double quote and single quote inside a string,
Since strings are represented by single or double quotes, the compiler will treat "He said, " as the
string. Hence, the above code will cause an error.

To solve this issue, we use the escape character \ in Python.

Here is a list of all the escape sequences supported by Python.

Python String Formatting (f-Strings)
Python f-Strings make it really easy to print values and variables.

For example,

Here, f'{name} is from {country}' is an f-string.

1. This new formatting syntax is powerful and easy to use. From now on, we will use f-
Strings to print strings and variables.

More Resources:

1. https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/python-tutorial/python-strings
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-string/
3. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_strings.htm

WEEKLY CODE CHALLENGE

Task 1: Sum of Integers from a List

python
CopyEdit
# Task 1: Accept user input to create a list of integers and compute their sum
numbers = input("Enter integers separated by spaces: ")
int_list = [int(num) for num in numbers.split()]
total = sum(int_list)
print("The sum of the integers is:", total)

✅ Task 2: Tuple of Favorite Books

python
CopyEdit
# Task 2: Create a tuple of favorite books and print each on a new line
favorite_books = (
"The Alchemist",
"1984",
"To Kill a Mockingbird",
"Pride and Prejudice",
"Sapiens"
)

print("My favorite books are:")

for book in favorite_books:
print(book)

✅ Task 3: Dictionary with Personal Info

python
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# Task 3: Use a dictionary to store personal information based on user input
person_info = {}
person_info['name'] = input("Enter your name: ")
person_info['age'] = input("Enter your age: ")
person_info['favorite_color'] = input("Enter your favorite color: ")

print("Personal Information:", person_info)

✅ Task 4: Sets – Common Elements

python
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# Task 4: Accept input to create two sets and find their intersection
set1 = set(map(int, input("Enter integers for Set 1 (space-separated):
").split()))
set2 = set(map(int, input("Enter integers for Set 2 (space-separated):
").split()))

common_elements = set1 & set2

print("Common elements:", common_elements)

✅ Task 5: List Comprehension – Words with Odd Number of Characters

python
CopyEdit
# Task 5: Create a list of words and filter those with odd number of
characters
words = ["apple", "banana", "kiwi", "grape", "orange", "fig", "pear"]
odd_length_words = [word for word in words if len(word) % 2 != 0]

print("Words with an odd number of characters:", odd_length_words)

tasks combined into one program, or saved into a .py file!

# Task 1: Accept user input to create a list of integers and compute

their sum
print("\n--- Task 1: Sum of Integers from a List ---")
numbers = input("Enter integers separated by spaces: ")
int_list = [int(num) for num in numbers.split()]
total = sum(int_list)
print("The sum of the integers is:", total)

# Task 2: Tuple of Favorite Books

print("\n--- Task 2: Favorite Books ---")
favorite_books = (
"The Alchemist",
"1984",
"To Kill a Mockingbird",
"Pride and Prejudice",
"Sapiens"
)

print("My favorite books are:")

for book in favorite_books:
print(book)

# Task 3: Dictionary with Personal Info

print("\n--- Task 3: Personal Information Dictionary ---")
person_info = {}
person_info['name'] = input("Enter your name: ")
person_info['age'] = input("Enter your age: ")
person_info['favorite_color'] = input("Enter your favorite color: ")

print("Personal Information:", person_info)

# Task 4: Sets – Common Elements

print("\n--- Task 4: Common Elements in Sets ---")
set1 = set(map(int, input("Enter integers for Set 1 (space-separated):
").split()))
set2 = set(map(int, input("Enter integers for Set 2 (space-separated):
").split()))

common_elements = set1 & set2

print("Common elements:", common_elements)

# Task 5: List Comprehension – Words with Odd Number of Characters

print("\n--- Task 5: Words with Odd Number of Characters ---")
words = ["apple", "banana", "kiwi", "grape", "orange", "fig", "pear"]
odd_length_words = [word for word in words if len(word) % 2 != 0]

print("Words with an odd number of characters:", odd_length_words)

WEEK2 QUIZ

How do you create a Python list to store your shopping items? 🛒 my_list = {‘milk’, ‘eggs’,
‘bread’} my_list = (’milk’, ‘eggs’, ‘bread’) my_list = [‘milk’, ‘eggs’, ‘bread’] 📋 my_list =
<‘milk’, ‘eggs’, ‘bread’>

The correct way to create a Python list to store your shopping items is:

✅ my_list = ['milk', 'eggs', 'bread']

This uses square brackets [ ], which are used to define a list in Python.

❌ Here's why the others are incorrect:

 {'milk', 'eggs', 'bread'} → This is a set, not a list.

 ('milk', 'eggs', 'bread') → This is a tuple, not a list.
 <‘milk’, ‘eggs’, ‘bread’> → This is not valid Python syntax at all.

✅ Summary:

Use square brackets to create a list:

python
CopyEdit
my_list = ['milk', 'eggs', 'bread']

Let me know if you'd like to learn how to add, remove, or search items in your list!

You said:
How do you create an empty dictionary to store contacts? my_dict = {} 🗂 my_dict = set()
my_dict = () my_dict = []

The correct way to create an empty dictionary to store contacts is:

✅ my_dict = {} 🗂

❌ Here's why the others are incorrect:

 set() → This creates an empty set, not a dictionary.

 () → This creates an empty tuple.
 [] → This creates an empty list.

✅ Summary:

To store key-value pairs like names and phone numbers (e.g., {"Alice": "1234"}), you should
use a dictionary, which is defined using curly braces {}.

python
CopyEdit
# Example:
contacts = {}
contacts["Alice"] = "1234"
contacts["Bob"] = "5678"
print(contacts)

Let me know if you'd like to practice with adding, updating, or deleting contacts from the
dictionary!

You said:

Which data structure would you use to store key-value pairs, like a name and phone number?
List Set Tuple Dictionary 📚

The correct answer is:

✅ Dictionary 📚

Why?

A dictionary stores key-value pairs, which is perfect for something like a name and phone
number:

python
CopyEdit
contacts = {
 "Alice": "123-4567",
"Bob": "987-6543"
}

In this example:

 Keys are names ("Alice", "Bob")

 Values are phone numbers

❌ Why not the others?

 List → Stores items in order, not key-value pairs.

 Set → Stores unique values, no keys or pairs.
 Tuple → Stores ordered items, but cannot map keys to values.

You said:

What makes a set unique compared to a list? 🤔 Sets allow duplicate items ✅ Sets are unordered and
don’t allow duplicates ⚡️
Sets are slower than lists Sets and lists are the same thing

The correct answer is:

✅ Sets are unordered and don’t allow duplicates ⚡️

🔍 Explanation:

A set in Python is:

 Unordered → The elements have no guaranteed order.

 Unique → It automatically removes duplicates.

python
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my_set = {1, 2, 2, 3}
print(my_set) # Output: {1, 2, 3}

❌ Incorrect choices:

 "Sets allow duplicate items" → ❌ False. Sets remove duplicates.

 "Sets are slower than lists" → ❌ Not necessarily. In many cases, sets are faster for
checking membership (in).
 "Sets and lists are the same thing" → ❌ Totally false. They have different behaviors
and use cases.

Would you like to try a few mini quizzes or coding tasks with sets and lists?

You said:
Which of these can’t you do with a tuple? Access an item by its index 📍 Change the value of an
item 🔄 Slice the tuple to get a portion ✂️Find out its length with len() 📏

The correct answer is:

❌ Change the value of an item 🔄

✅ Why?

Tuples are immutable, meaning:

 You can’t change, add, or delete individual items once it's created.

✔️You can do all of the following with a tuple:

 Access by index 📍

python
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my_tuple = (10, 20, 30)
print(my_tuple[1]) # Output: 20

 Slice the tuple ✂️

python
CopyEdit
print(my_tuple[0:2]) # Output: (10, 20)

 Use len() 📏

python
CopyEdit
print(len(my_tuple)) # Output: 3

❌ But you cannot do this:

python
CopyEdit
my_tuple[1] = 99 # ❌ This will raise a TypeError

Let me know if you’d like to compare tuples with lists in a small example!

WEEK2 ASSIGNMENT

Description
Submit a github repo link for the assignment below
 1. Create an empty list called my_list.
2. Append the following elements to my_list: 10, 20, 30, 40.
3. Insert the value 15 at the second position in the list.
4. Extend my_list with another list: [50, 60, 70].
5. Remove the last element from my_list.
6. Sort my_list in ascending order.
7. Find and print the index of the value 30 in my_list.

ANSWER

Here's the complete Python code for your Week 2 Assignment – clearly written and
commented like a professional:

python
CopyEdit
# WEEK 2 ASSIGNMENT

# 1. Create an empty list called my_list.

my_list = []

# 2. Append the following elements to my_list: 10, 20, 30, 40.

my_list.append(10)
my_list.append(20)
my_list.append(30)
my_list.append(40)

# 3. Insert the value 15 at the second position in the list.

my_list.insert(1, 15)

# 4. Extend my_list with another list: [50, 60, 70].

my_list.extend([50, 60, 70])

# 5. Remove the last element from my_list.

my_list.pop()

# 6. Sort my_list in ascending order.

my_list.sort()

# 7. Find and print the index of the value 30 in my_list.

index_of_30 = my_list.index(30)
print("Index of 30:", index_of_30)

# Print the final state of the list for reference

print("Final my_list:", my_list)

✅ Sample Output:
yaml
CopyEdit
Index of 30: 4
Final my_list: [10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
Let me know if you'd like this saved as a .py file for download or explained line by line.

WEEK 2 ASSIGNMENT - STEP-BY-STEP

EXPLANATION
python
# 1. Create an empty list called my_list.
my_list = []

✅ This creates an empty list. Lists are ordered collections of items, and we’ll add elements to
this next.

python
# 2. Append the following elements to my_list: 10, 20, 30, 40.
my_list.append(10)
my_list.append(20)
my_list.append(30)
my_list.append(40)

✅ The append() function adds each item to the end of the list.

📦 Result so far: my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]

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# 3. Insert the value 15 at the second position in the list.
my_list.insert(1, 15)

✅ The insert(index, value) function adds a value at a specific position.

Here, 1 is the second position (indexing starts at 0), so 15 will go between 10 and 20.

📦 Result: my_list = [10, 15, 20, 30, 40]

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# 4. Extend my_list with another list: [50, 60, 70].
my_list.extend([50, 60, 70])

✅ The extend() function adds multiple items to the list at once.

It merges another list into the current list.

📦 Result: my_list = [10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70]

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# 5. Remove the last element from my_list.
my_list.pop()

✅ The pop() function removes the last element from the list (by default if no index is
provided).

📦 Result: my_list = [10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]

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# 6. Sort my_list in ascending order.
my_list.sort()

✅ The sort() function arranges the list from smallest to largest (ascending).

Note: In this case, the list is already sorted, but it’s still a good practice.

📦 Final sorted list: my_list = [10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]

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# 7. Find and print the index of the value 30 in my_list.
index_of_30 = my_list.index(30)
print("Index of 30:", index_of_30)

✅ The index(value) function finds the position of the value in the list.

Output:

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Index of 30: 3

(Because 30 is at the 4th position, which is index 3, since indexing starts at 0)

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# Print the final state of the list for reference
print("Final my_list:", my_list)

✅ Shows the final content of my_list after all operations:

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Final my_list: [10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
📌 Summary of Commands You Learned:

Command Description
append() Add one item to the end
insert() Add an item at a specific index
extend() Add multiple items from another list
pop() Remove the last item
sort() Sort the list
index() Find the index of a specific value