Python Programs

1. Print the statements: use single quote or double quote to print the statements.
print('Hello, World!')
print("Learn Python Code!")
Output:
Hello, World!
Learn Python Code!
2. By default statement end the line.
We should add the end
print("Hello, World!",end=" ")
print("Learn Python Code!")
Output:
Hello, World! Learn Python Code!
3. Deal with variables and values
Values are
int – 10
float - 10.5
complex = 5+10j
string - str1 = "Hi" str2 = 'Hi'
list – a = [ ], a = [10,20,50.25,"Hello"]
Tuple t = ( ) , t = ("Hello","user")
Boolean – True / False
Set - set1 = ( ) , set2 = ("Welcome")
Dictionary - d1 = {1:"One",2:"two"} , d2 = {"ID": 1,"Name":"Clara"}

a = 10
b = 20
print(a+b)
print("Addition = ",a+b)
c=a+b
print("sum = ",c)
print(f"sum of {a} and {b} is {c}")
print(f"sum of {a} and {b} is",c)

Output:
a = 10
b = 20
print(a+b)
print("Addition = ",a+b)
c=a+b
print("sum = ",c)
print(f"sum of {a} and {b} is {c}")
print(f"sum of {a} and {b} is",c)
print("a = %d , b =%d , c=%d " %(a,b,c))
print("Sum of %d and %d is %d" %(a,b,c))

Output:
30
Addition = 30
sum = 30
sum of 10 and 20 is 30
sum of 10 and 20 is 30
a = 10 , b =20 , c=30
Sum of 10 and 20 is 30

4. Multiple declaration in single line

a,b = 10,20
print(a,b)
print(a,b,sep="...")
Output:
10 20
10...20
a,b,c = 1,10.5,"Hello"
print(a,b,c)
Ouput:
1 10.5 Hello

5. Assigning same value to multiple variable

a = b = 10
print(a,b)

Output:
10 10

6. type ( ) : This function is used to find the data type of the variable
a = 10
b = 20.5
c = "Hello"
d = True
e = 6 +7j
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
print(type(e))

Output:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'bool'>
<class 'complex'>
7.Type Conversion: The process of converting one data type to another data
type.
2 types
1. Implicit type conversion: Conversion done automatically by interpreter
during execution of program.
Ex:
a = 10
b = 20.5
c=a+b
print (c)
print (type(c))
Output:
30.5
<class 'float'>
2. Explicit type conversion: Conversion done by the user, also know as type
casting.
Ex 1:
a = "10"
b = 20.5
c = float(a) + b
print (c)

print (type(a))
Output:
30.5
<class 'str'>
Ex 2:
a = 10
b = 20.5
c = a + int(b) # loss of data
print(c)
print(type(c))
Ex:
30
<class 'int'>

8. input( ) – It is used to read values at run time.

Ex 1:
a = input("Enter a: ")
b = input("Enter b: ")
c = input("Enter c: ")
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
By default, input( ) function takes string value.
Output:
Enter a: 10
Enter b: 20
Enter c: Hello
10
20
Hello
<class 'str'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'str'>

Ex: 2
a = input("Enter a number: ")
a = int(a)
print(a)
print(type(a))
Output:
Enter a number: 10
10
<class 'int'>
Ex 3:
a = int(input("Enter a:"))
b = int(input("Enter b:"))
c=a+b
print("Sum = ",c)

Output:
Enter a:10
Enter b:20
Sum = 30

Ex 4: Area of circle
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area = 3.14* radius * radius
print("The area of the circle is: ", area)

area = (22/7)*radius*radius
print("The area of the circle is: ", area)
print("pi = ",22/7)
Output:
Enter the radius of the circle: 4.5
The area of the circle is: 63.585
The area of the circle is: 63.64285714285714
pi = 3.142857142857143
9. Operators:
1.Arithmetic Operator:
+ , - , * , / , % , **, //
2. Relational Operator:
== , != , > , < , >= , <= ,
3. Logical Operator:
and , or , not
4. Assignment Operator:
= , += , -= , *= , /= , %= , **=, //=
5. Bitwise Operator:
& , | , ~ , ^ , >> , <<
6. Ternary Operator:
Synatx: var_name = "True" if (condition) else "False"

7. Membership Operator:
in and not in
8. Identity Operator:
is and is not
Ex 1:
a = 10
b=2
c = 15
d=8
print(a**b)
print(c//d)

b1 = (a>b) and (c>d)

print(b1)
b2 = (b>a) or (b<d)
print(b2)
b3 = not(d>b)
print(b3)
a **= b # a = a**b
print(a)
c //= d # c = c//d
print(c)

res = "Even" if(a % 2 == 0) else "Odd"

print(res)

Output:
100
1
True
True
False
100
1
Odd

Ex 2: membership operator
str1 = "Hello"
a = ['apple','banana','cherry']
print("o" in str1)
print('cherry' in a)
print('H' not in str1)
print('Kiwi' not in a)

Output:
True
True
False
True
Ex 3: Identity Operator
a = 10
b = 10
l1 = [10,20,30]
l2 = [10,20,30]
l3 = l1

print(a is b)
print(b is not a)
print(l1 is l3) # checks memory object reference
print(l1 is not l2)

str1 = "Hello"
str2 = "Hello"
print(str1 is str2)
print(id(l1),id(l2),id(l3))
print(id(a),id(b),id(str1),id(str2))

Output:
True
False
True
True
True
2687817000064 2687816851712 2687817000064
140730757932232 140730757932232 2687855274736 2687855274736

10.Flow Control: Flow of control refers to the order in which the statements in a program are
executed. By default, Python executes statements sequentially from top to bottom. However,
control flow statements allow for altering this default order, enabling decision-making,
repetition, and handling of various program states.
The Primary Types of control flow are
a) Selection / Conditional statements
b) Repetition / Looping / iterative statements and
 c) Jumping statements

1. a) Selection statements:
Selection statements also known as decision-making or branching statements, are used to
control the flow of a program based on certain conditions. These statements allow the
program to execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition is true or false.
Python provides several types of selection statements,
1. Simple if
2. if…else
3.Nested if
4. if…elif
1. Simple if
Ex:
a = 10
if(a>5):
print("a is greater than 5")
print("Program Completed!")

Output:
a is greater than 5
Program Completed!

2. if…else
Ex:
x=2
if (x > 5):
print("x is greater than 5")
else:
print("x is less than 5")
Output:
x is less than 5

3. Nested if:
Ex:
age=int(input("Enter your age:"));
if age>=18:
if age>=60:
print("Eligible to vote and senior citizen")
else:
print("Eligible to vote but not senior citizen")
else:
print("Not eligible to vote")
Output:
Enter your age:21
Eligible to vote but not senior citizen
4.if…elif: short for "else if"
Ex:
a=10
b=10
if(a>b):
print("a is greater!")
elif(b>a):
print("b is greater!")
else:
print("a and b are equal!")
Output:
a and b are equal!

b) Repetitive / Looping:
1. While loop:
n = int(input("Enter n value:"))
i=1
while(i<=n):
print(i)
i=i+1
Output:
Enter n value:5
1
2
3
4
5
2. For loop:
range ( ) function:
range ( ) is a built-in function, used to create a list containing a sequence of
integers from the give start value up to stop value (excluding stop value).The parameters are
start, stop and step.

 The start and step parameters are optional.

 If the start value is not specified, by default starts from 0.
 If step is also not specified, by default the value increases by 1 in each iteration.
 All parameters of range( ) function must be integers.
 The step parameter can be positive or a negative integer excluding(except) 0.

Ex 1:
n = int(input("Enter n value:"))
for i in range(n):
print(i)
Output:
Enter n value:5
1
2
3
Ex 2:
n = int(input("Enter n value:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
print(i)
Output:
Enter n value:5
1
2
3
4
5

Ex 3:

n = int(input("Enter n value:"))
for i in range(1,n+1,3):
print(i)

Output:
Enter n value:10
1
4
7
10
c) Jumping statement
1. break
2. continue
3. return
1. break:
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
break
print(i)
Output:
0
1
2

2. continue:
Ex:
for i in range(5):
if i == 2:
continue
print(i)

Output:
0
1
3
4

3. return
Ex:
def calculate_sum(a, b):
return a + b

result = calculate_sum(5, 7)
print(result)

Output:
12

Nested Loop: Loop inside another loop

Ex:
n=int(input("Enter n to generate patterns: "))
for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(j,end=" ")
print(" ")
Output:
Enter n to generate patterns: 5
1
12
123
1234
12345