WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING (WRF) MODELING SYSTEM (ASL 410)

Steps to be done
Download the meteorological data Install WRF model and initialize for model run WRF Pre-processing (WPS) WRF model run WRF post-processing Visualize the output of WRF post-processing using GrADS Download weather observations and compare your model results by time-series plot.

Web address for meteorological data download: http://dss.ucar.edu/dsszone/ds083.2/

You have to fill up these information to complete the registration (It will take around 12hr to activate your user account)

After login to your user account you will see the webpage like below

Type FNL inside the box

Click on the 1st link for 1ox1o resolution FNL data for WRF-ARW model

Click on this link for data access

Click on the year you want to download data

Select by clicking on the month you want to download data

Select the latest 24hr data by clicking on the boxes on the left side you want to download data

Finaly click on this box for downloading the data sets as tar file

Click on this box for downloading the data sets as tar file into your PC

Now transfer these data sets into server (10.10.5.1) by using SFTP

WHAT IS WRF?
WRF: Weather Research and Forecasting Model Now with Advanced Research WRF (ARW) and Non-hydrostatic mesoscale model (NMM) dynamic components Its development is led by NCAR/MMM, NOAA/GSD and NOAA/NCEP/EMC with partnerships at AFWA, FAA, NRL and collaborations with universities and other government agencies Includes research and operational models

WHAT CAN WRF BE USED FOR?

Idealized simulations at many scales (e.g. convection, baroclinic waves, large eddy simulations) Atmospheric physics/parameterization research Data assimilation research Case-study research Real-time NWP and forecast system research Regional climate and seasonal time-scale research Coupled-model (e.g. ocean, chemistry) applications Teaching

WHO USES WRF?

Academic atmospheric scientists Forecast teams at operational centers Air Quality scientists Others

WRF modeling system flowchart

Ideal 3D: Suppercell, Baroclinic waves WRF Terrestial data

Ideal 2D: Squall line RIP4 WPP (GrADS, GEMPAK)

WPS

WRF Model ARW/NMM

Post processing
NCL

Real data: NAM, GFS, RUC, NRRP AGRMET (Soil) Real data Initialization

WRF-VAR

ARWPost (GrADS, Vis 5D)

DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF WPS

Download and Building WRF code

Get the WRF zipped tar file of WRFV3.1.1 and WPSV3.1.1 from http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_sou rce.html (No need to download, It is provided inside your user account in the server)

How to access the Server:

I.P. address : 10.10.5.1 Using Putty you can access the server from your desktop (Windows) ssh [email protected] (Linux)

Usernames: ast20001, ast20002, ast20003, , ast20060 Passwd: collect your password after registering your group

All tar files are available inside your user account WPSV3.1.1.TAR.gz WRFV3.1.1.TAR.gz ARWpostV2.2.tar.gz

WRF should be installed first before the installation of WPS

You can download the WRF-ARW users guide from the link http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/user_guide_V3/contents.html

Unzip and untar the downloaded tar file type the following command $gunzip WRFV3.1.1.TAR.gz and then $tar xvf WRFV3.1.1.TAR (It will create a directory WRFV3/ )

$cd WRFV3 ( you will see the following top level directories) arch/ share/ test/
tools/

hys/ compile* main/ dyn_em/ external/ run/ README README_test_cases README.rsl_output

inc/

configure* dyn_exp/ clean* dyn_nmm/

frame/

inc/

Makefile Registry

Then configure and compile the WRF model Before configure and compile the WRF model you have to set the paths of compilers and libraries inside .bashrc file
.bashrc already set inside each user account no need to change anything

./configure (It will ask to enter one from the following option) Please select from among the following supported platforms. 1. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (serial) 2. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (smpar) 3. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (dmpar) 4. Linux x86_64, PGI compiler with gcc (dm+sm) 5. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (serial) 6. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (smpar) 7. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (dmpar) 8. Linux x86_64 i486 i586 i686, ifort compiler with icc (dm+sm) 9. Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PathScale compiler with pathcc (serial) 10. Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PathScale compiler with pathcc (dmpar) 11. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (serial) 12. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (smpar) 13. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (dmpar) 14. x86_64 Linux, gfortran compiler with gcc (dm+sm) Compile for nesting? (0=no nesting, 1=basic, 2=preset moves, 3=vortex following) [default 0]: 0 (choose 0)

Compile WRF for real case ./compile em_real >& compile.log & (To see the background process type the command $ tail f compile.log ) ls -l main/*.exe (check this command after compilation) if you are compiling for a real-data case, you should see ndown.exe, real.exe, and wrf.exe inside the main/ directory after the successful compilation. Building WPS Code gunzip WPSV3.1.1.TAR.gz tar xvf WPSV3.1.1.TAR (It will untar and create a directory WPS/ ) cd WPS Configure and compile WPS

./configure Please select one among the following supported platforms. PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler serial, NO GRIB2 PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler serial PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler DM parallel, NO GRIB2 PC Linux x86_64, Intel compiler DM parallel PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, serial, NO GRIB2 6. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, serial 7. Cray XT Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, DM parallel, NO GRIB2 8. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, DM parallel, NO GRIB2 9. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PGI compiler 5.2 or higher, DM parallel 10. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PathScale compiler 2.1 or higher, serial, NO GRIB2 11. PC Linux x86_64 (IA64 and Opteron), PathScale compiler 2.1 or higher, DM parallel, NO GRIB2 ./compile >& compile.log & ls -l *.exe (type this command after compilation) you should see geogrid.exe, ungrib.exe, and metgrid.exe files for a successful compilation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

namelist.wps: parameters setting for WRF preprocessor (WPS)

&share wrf_core = 'ARW', max_dom = 1, (for single domain: only edit 1st column) Change the dates start_date = '2012-04-09_00:00:00','2006-08-16_12:00:00', according your case end_date = '2012-04-10_00:00:00','2006-08-16_12:00:00', interval_seconds = 21600 (Boundary conditions supplied time interval (sec) to the model) io_form_geogrid = 2, / &geogrid parent_id = 1, 1, parent_grid_ratio = 1, 3, i_parent_start = 1, 31, j_parent_start = 1, 17, e_we = 130, 112, (No. of grid points in WE direction) e_sn = 120, 97, (No. of grid points in SN direction) geog_data_res = 10m','2m', (geographical data resolution) dx = 27000, (Horizontal grid resolution (m) in WE direction) dy = 27000, (Horizontal grid resolution (m) in SN direction)

Continue
map_proj = 'mercator', Horizontal map-coordinate ref_lat = 16.4, Central latitude options ref_lon = 81.3, Central longitude truelat1 = 16.4, 1. Lambert Conformal: truelat2 = 0.0, stand_lon = 81.3, Mid-latitude applications geog_data_path = '/usr/geog (Path of geographical data set)

2.

Polar Stereographic:

/ &ungrib out_format = 'WPS', prefix = 'FILE', / &metgrid fg_name = 'FILE' io_form_metgrid = 2,

High-latitude applications 3. Mercator: Low-latitude applications

WRF ARW Initialization for Real Data

/WPS geogrid.exe
geo_em.d01.nc

WPS output
(met_em.d01)

Setup the Vtable for GFS data set ln -s ungrib/Variable_Tables/Vtable.GFS Vtable

/WRFV3/ test/em_real

Setup the path for the meteorological data ./link_grib.csh /home/useraccount/FNLdata/fnl* ungrib.exe
FILE:yyyy-mm-dd_hh

real.exe

metgrid.exe
met_em.d01.yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.nc

Wrfinput _d01

Wrfbdy _d01

wrf.exe
wrfout_d01_yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss

namelist.input: parameters setting for WRF model run Example for a single domain run: max_dom=1
&time_control run_days run_hours run_minutes run_seconds start_year start_month start_day start_hour start_minute start_second end_year end_month end_day end_hour end_minute end_second interval_seconds input_from_file history_interval frames_per_outfile restart restart_interval io_form_history = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 0, 24, 0, 0, 2012, 2010, 2010, 04, 01, 01, 09, 24, 24, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 2012, 2010, 2010, 04, 01, 01, 10, 25, 25, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 21600 .true.,.true.,.true., 180, 180, 60, 1000, 1000, 1000, .false., 5000, 2

Example for a nested run: max_dom=1

&domains time_step time_step_fract_num time_step_fract_den max_dom s_we e_we s_sn e_sn s_vert e_vert dx dy grid_id parent_id i_parent_start j_parent_start parent_grid_ratio parent_time_step_ratio feedback smooth_option = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 162, (6*dx(km))sec 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 130, 112, 94, 1, 1, 1, 120, 97, 91, 1, 1, 1, 28, 28, 28, 27000, 10000, 3333, 27000, 10000, 3333, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 31, 30, 0, 17, 30, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 0

&physics mp_physics ra_lw_physics ra_sw_physics radt sf_sfclay_physics sf_surface_physics bl_pbl_physics bldt cu_physics cudt isfflx ifsnow icloud surface_input_source num_soil_layers sf_urban_physics maxiens maxens maxens2 maxens3 ensdim

= 4, = 1, = 1, = 10, = 5, = 2, = 5, = 0, = 3, = 5, = 1, = 0, = 1, = 1, = 4, = 0, = 1, = 3, = 3, = 16, = 144,

5, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 5,

5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 10, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5,

Micro_physics

Cumulus scheme

WRF Parameterizations
Microphysics (mp_physics)
Kessler scheme: This is used for idealized cloud modeling studies. Warm-rain only no ice (mp_physics=1). Lin et al. scheme: A sophisticated scheme that has ice, snow and graupel processes, suitable for real-data high-resolution simulations (2). WSM 3-class scheme: A simple efficient scheme with ice and snow processes suitable for mesoscale grid sizes (3). WSM-5 class scheme: A slightly more sophisticated version of WSM-3 that allows for mixed-phase processes and super-cooled water (mp_physics=4). Ferrier (New Eta) scheme: The operational microphysics in NCEP models. A simple efficient scheme with diagnostic mixed-phase processes (5). WSM 6-class scheme: A scheme with ice, snow and graupel processes suitable for high-resolution simulations (6). Goddard microphysics scheme: A scheme with ice, snow and graupel processes suitable for high-resolution simulations (7). Thompson et al. graupel scheme: 6-class microphysics with graupel, ice number concentration also predicted (8).

Cumulus scheme (cu_physics):

Kain-Fritsch scheme: Deep and shallow convection sub-grid scheme using a mass flux approach with downdrafts and CAPE removal time scale (cu_physics = 1). Betts-Miller-Janjic scheme: Operational Eta scheme. Column moist adjustment scheme relaxing towards a well-mixed profile (2). Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme: updrafts/downdrafts (cu_physics = 3). Multiple-parameter, explicit

WRF-Postprocessor-ARWpost
ARWpost is the module used in WRF for post-processing the model output -- Necessary software required- GrADS First You have to install GrADS for running ARWpost module unzip and untar the tar file located at /tmp/WRF cd ARWpost ./configure Please select from among the following supported platforms. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PGI compiler (no vis5d) PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, PGI compiler (vis5d) PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, Intel compiler (no vis5d) PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, Intel compiler (vis5d) PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, gfortran compiler (no vis5d) PC Linux i486 i586 i686 x86_64, gfortran compiler (vis5d)

Enter selection [1-6] : 3

After configuration check the configure.arwp file and edit the path for WRFV3 ./compile After successful compilation it will create the execution file under /src directory /src/ARWpost.exe Afer that you have to edit the namelist.ARWpost file for running ARWpost $vi namelist.ARWpost &datetime start_date = '2012-04-09_00:00:00', end_date = '2012-04-10_00:00:00', interval_seconds = 3600, tacc = 180, debug_level = 0, /

&io io_form_input = 2, input_root_name = './wrfout_d01_2012-04-09_00:00:00 (path to input file) output_root_name = './Expt-2012 (output file name) plot = 'all_list' fields = 'height,pressure,tk,tc,theta,td,td2,rh,rh2,umet,vmet,pressure,u10m,v10m, wdir,wspd,wd10,ws10,slp,mcape,mcin,lcl,lfc,cape,cin,dbz,max_dbz,clfr' output_type = 'grads' mercator_defs = .true. / split_output = .true. frames_per_outfile = 2 output_type = 'grads' output_type = 'v5d' plot = 'all' plot = 'list' plot = 'all_list' ! Below is a list of all available diagnostics fields = 'height,geopt,theta,tc,tk,td,td2,rh,rh2,umet,vmet,pressure,u10m,v10m, wdir,wspd, wd10,ws10,slp,mcape,mcin,lcl,lfc,cape,cin,dbz,max_dbz,clfr'

&interp interp_method = 1, interp_levels = 1000.,990.,980.,970.,960.,950.,900.,850.,800.,750.,700., 650.,600.,550.,500.,450.,400.,350.,300.,250.,200.,150.,100., / extrapolate = .true. interp_method = 0, ! 0 is model levels, -1 is nice height levels, 1 is user specified pressure/height interp_levels = 1000.,950.,900.,850.,800.,750.,700.,650.,600.,550.,500.,450.,400.,350.,300.,25 0.,200.,150.,100., interp_levels = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, After successful edit the namelist.ARWpost you have to run ./ARWpost.exe It will create the following files output_file_name.ctl output_file_name.dat

Now you can visualize the output file using GrADS software Type the following commands $ grads (It will open the graphics window)

$ open output_file_name.ctl (it will open the ctl file) $ q file (It will show the list of variables in the file) $ set t 3 (Set the time to display the variable at that time) $ d (variable name) (choose the variable to display)

ga-> open 20100820-d3-CTRL3hrly-ThGD.ctl Output file (*.ctl) Scanning description file: 20100820-d3-CTRL3hrly-ThGD.ctl Data file 20100820-d3-CTRL3hrly-ThGD.dat is open as file 1 LON set to 75.5019 78.3419 LAT set to 27.1023 29.5257 LEV set to 1000 1000 Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:20:0 E set to 1 1 Station/city Latitude ga-> set lat 28.5 and longitude (Delhi) LAT set to 28.512 28.512 ga-> set lon 77.2 LON set to 77.2117 77.2117 ga-> set t 1 9 Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0 ga-> d t2-273.15 ga-> draw ylab Temperature (deg C) ga-> draw xlab Time (UTC) ga-> draw title 24hr-temperature2m-Delhi ga->

Command to extract ASCII data to compare with observation data

ga-> set gxout print time set from 00UTC 20th Aug to ga-> set prnopts %g 1 00UTC 21st Aug 2010 ga-> set lat 28.5 LAT set to 28.512 28.512 To display temperature at 2m in ga-> set lon 77.2 deg Celsius LON set to 77.2117 77.2117 ga-> set t 1 9 (set time from 1 to 9 ) Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0 ga-> d t2-273.15 Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+08 26.0597 (00UTC 20 Aug) 27.3945 (03UTC) 30.3203 (06UTC) Copy these data to MS-Excel (or any data 31.9206 (09UTC) analysis software) to compare with your 30.2627 (12UTC) observations by time series plot 28.1149 (15UTC) 26.683 (18UTC) 25.9813 (21UTC) 25.4863 (00UTC 21 Aug) ga->

ga-> set lat 28.5 LAT set to 28.512 28.512 ga-> set lon 77.2 LON set to 77.2117 77.2117 ga-> set t 1 9 Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0 ga-> set gxout print ga-> set prnopts %g 1 To display relative humidity at 2m (%) ga-> d rh2 Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+08 99.5363 92.1438 77.3115 69.6284 78.3084 85.9067 90.7266 95.9354 97.394

ga-> set lat 28.5 LAT set to 28.512 28.512 ga-> set lon 77.2 LON set to 77.2117 77.2117 ga-> set t 1 9 Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0 ga-> set gxout print To display wind speed at 10m (m/sec) ga-> set prnopts %g 1 ga-> d ws10 Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+08 0.691402 5.14316 2.46189 2.5887 0.778785 2.42921 1.92613 1.18071 1.1243

ga-> set lat 28.5 LAT set to 28.512 28.512 ga-> set lon 77.2 LON set to 77.2117 77.2117 ga-> set t 1 9 Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0 ga-> set gxout print To display dewpoint temperature at 2m (deg Celsius) ga-> set prnopts %g 1 ga-> d td2 Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+08 25.9599 25.9849 25.8871 25.6614 26.0477 25.5129 25.0189 25.2602 25.0199

ga-> set lat 28.5 LAT set to 28.512 28.512 ga-> set lon 77.2 LON set to 77.2117 77.2117 ga-> set t 1 9 Time values set: 2010:8:20:0 2010:8:21:0 ga-> set gxout print ga-> set prnopts %g 1 To display sea level pressure (hPa) ga-> d slp Printing Grid -- 9 Values -- Undef = -9.99e+08 1003.89 1005.01 1005.78 1003.97 1002.55 1003.06 1003.75 1003.33 1002.97

Download weather Observation for model comparison

Website for downloading weather observation for model comparison http://www.wunderground.com/history/ Select local weather and then enter the location/city name for weather data to compare with your model simulation. Collect the 3hrly weather data for your model comparison

Time-series wind speed-10m at Delhi (00UTC_20th to 00UTC_22nd Aug 2010)

4.5 4 3.5

OBS

Model

w in d sp eed (m /sec)

3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

00UTC 03UTC 06UTC 09UTC 12UTC 15UTC 18UTC 21UTC 24UTC 27UTC 30UTC 33UTC 36UTC 39UTC 42UTC 45UTC 48UTC

Time (UTC)

Time series-Relative humidity at 2m-Delhi ((00UTC_20th to 00UTC_22nd Aug 2010) 100

90

R elative h u m id ity (% )

80

70

60

OBS
FeGD
LnGD
ThGD
WSM5GD

50

40 00UTC 03UTC 06UTC 09UTC 12UTC 15UTC 18UTC 21UTC 24UTC 27UTC 30UTC 33UTC 36UTC 39UTC 42UTC 45UTC 48UTC Time (UTC)