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Python Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Python divides the operators in the following groups:
• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators
Python Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical
operations:
Operator Name Example Try it
+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor division x // y
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Python Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
Operator Example Same As Try it
= x=5 x=5
+= x += 3 x=x+3
-= x -= 3 x=x-3
*= x *= 3 x=x*3
/= x /= 3 x=x/3
%= x %= 3 x=x%3
//= x //= 3 x = x // 3
**= x **= 3 x = x ** 3
&= x &= 3 x=x&3
|= x |= 3 x=x|3
^= x ^= 3 x=x^3
>>= x >>= 3 x = x >> 3
<<= x <<= 3 x = x << 3
:= print(x := 3) x=3
print(x)
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Python Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
Operator Name Example Try it
== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
Python Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:
Operator Description Example Try it
and Returns True if both x < 5 and x < 10
statements are true
or Returns True if one of the x < 5 or x < 4
statements is true
not Reverse the result, returns not(x < 5 and x < 10)
False if the result is true
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Python Identity Operators
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are
actually the same object, with the same memory location:
Operator Description Example Try it
is Returns True if both variables x is y
are the same object
is not Returns True if both variables x is not y
are not the same object
Python Membership Operators
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:
Operator Description Example Try it
in Returns True if a sequence x in y
with the specified value is
present in the object
not in Returns True if a sequence x not in y
with the specified value is not
present in the object
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Python Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:
Operator Name Description Example Try it
& AND Sets each bit to 1 if both x&y
bits are 1
| OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of x|y
two bits is 1
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one x^y
of two bits is 1
~ NOT Inverts all the bits ~x
<< Zero fill Shift left by pushing zeros in x << 2
left shift from the right and let the
leftmost bits fall off
>> Signed Shift right by pushing copies x >> 2
right shift of the leftmost bit in from
the left, and let the
rightmost bits fall off
Operator Precedence
Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed.
Example
Parentheses has the highest precedence, meaning that expressions inside parentheses must
be evaluated first:
print((6 + 3) - (6 + 3))
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Example
Multiplication * has higher precedence than addition + , and therefore multiplications are
evaluated before additions:
print(100 + 5 * 3)
The precedence order is described in the table below, starting with the highest precedence
at the top:
Operator Description Try it
() Parentheses
** Exponentiation
+x -x ~x Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT
* / // % Multiplication, division, floor division, and modulus
+ - Addition and subtraction
<< >> Bitwise left and right shifts
& Bitwise AND
^ Bitwise XOR
| Bitwise OR
== != > >= Comparisons, identity, and membership operators
< <= is is
not in not in
not Logical NOT
and AND
or OR
If two operators have the same precedence, the expression is evaluated from left to right.
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Example
Addition + and subtraction - has the same precedence, and therefore we evaluate the
expression from left to right:
print(5 + 4 - 7 + 3)
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