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Python Module Summary

This document summarizes key Python programming concepts including string methods, file handling with os and shutil modules, logging, inheritance, and operator overloading. It provides definitions and examples for each concept, illustrating how to manipulate strings, manage file paths, and utilize classes effectively. The content serves as a concise reference for essential Python functionalities and programming practices.

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3 views5 pages

Python Module Summary

This document summarizes key Python programming concepts including string methods, file handling with os and shutil modules, logging, inheritance, and operator overloading. It provides definitions and examples for each concept, illustrating how to manipulate strings, manage file paths, and utilize classes effectively. The content serves as a concise reference for essential Python functionalities and programming practices.

Uploaded by

sparkysanthosh69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Programming Concepts - Module Summary

1. All String Methods

Definition:

String methods are built-in functions in Python used to perform operations on strings like formatting,

searching, checking conditions, etc.

Examples:

- upper(): "hello".upper() -> "HELLO"

- lower(): "HELLO".lower() -> "hello"

- isupper(): "HELLO".isupper() -> True

- islower(): "hello".islower() -> True

- startswith()/endswith(): "hello world".startswith("hello") -> True

- join(): ', '.join(["apple", "banana"]) -> "apple, banana"

- split(): "a,b,c".split(",") -> ['a', 'b', 'c']

- strip(): " hello ".strip() -> "hello"

- rjust()/ljust()/center(): "hi".rjust(5) -> " hi"

2. os and os.path Modules

Definition:

- os module: For interacting with the operating system.

- os.path: Contains functions for manipulating file paths.

Examples:

import os
os.getcwd() # Current directory

os.path.abspath("file.txt")

os.path.exists("file.txt")

os.path.join("folder", "file.txt")

3. File Path - Absolute & Relative

Definition:

- Absolute path: Starts from root (e.g. C:\folder\file.txt)

- Relative path: Starts from current directory (e.g. .\file.txt)

- . = current directory, .. = parent directory

Examples:

os.path.abspath("myfile.txt")

os.path.relpath("C:\Windows", "C:\")

4. Copying, Moving, Deleting Folders

Definition:

Use shutil and os modules to manage files and folders.

Examples:

shutil.copy("a.txt", "backup/")

shutil.copytree("data", "data_backup")

shutil.move("old.txt", "new_folder/new.txt")

os.unlink("file.txt")

os.rmdir("folder")
shutil.rmtree("folder")

5. Logging Module

Definition:

logging is used to track events and debug the program by recording messages.

Example:

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

logging.debug("This is a debug message")

6. Inheritance

Definition:

Inheritance allows a class (child) to reuse the attributes and methods of another class (parent).

Example:

class Animal:

def speak(self):

print("Animal speaks")

class Dog(Animal):

def bark(self):

print("Dog barks")

7. __init__ and __str__


__init__:

Constructor method, runs when object is created.

__str__:

Used to return a string when you print() the object.

Example:

class Student:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def __str__(self):

return f"Student name: {self.name}"

8. Printing Objects

Definition:

By default, printing an object shows memory location. Define __str__() to control this.

Example:

class Time:

def __str__(self):

return "09:45:00"

t = Time()

print(t) # Output: 09:45:00


9. Operator Overloading & Method Overloading

Operator Overloading:

class Point:

def __init__(self, x):

self.x = x

def __add__(self, other):

return Point(self.x + other.x)

Method Overloading:

class Demo:

def greet(self, name=None):

if name:

print("Hello", name)

else:

print("Hello")

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