Elements of Java Programming
Infinity Tutors
1. What is Java?
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Java is a popular, object-oriented programming language used worldwide
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for building applications across platforms. Its motto is “Write Once, Run
Anywhere” because compiled Java programs can run on any device that has
the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
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2. Setting Up Java Environment
Before writing Java code, we install the Java Development Kit (JDK) and
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set up an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Eclipse, IntelliJ,
or Visual Studio Code. This environment helps us write, compile, and run
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Java programs efficiently.
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3. First Program: Hello World
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The first program every programmer writes is the famous “Hello World”. It
prints the text to the screen. Below is the simplest Java program:
1 // Define a public class named HelloWorld
2 public class HelloWorld {
3
4 // Main method : program entry point
5 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
6 // Print text to the console
7 System . out . println ( " Hello , world ! " ) ;
8 }
9 }
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Listing 1: HelloWorld.java
Explanation:
• public class HelloWorld: Defines a class named HelloWorld.
• public static void main(String[] args): The main method where
program execution begins.
• System.out.println(): Prints the string inside parentheses to the
console.
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Hello, world!
4. Variables and Data Types
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Variables store data that your program uses. Java is statically typed, mean-
ing each variable must have a type, like int for integers, double for decimals,
char for single characters, boolean for true/false, and String for text.
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1 // Class demonstrating variables and printing them
2 public class VariableExample {
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public static void main ( String [] args ) {
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4 int age = 20; // integer
variable
5 double price = 99.99; // floating
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point number
6 char grade = ’A ’; // single
character
7 boolean passed = true ; // true or
false
8 String name = " Alice " ; // text string
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10 System . out . println ( " Name : " + name ) ;
11 System . out . println ( " Age : " + age ) ;
12 System . out . println ( " Price : $ " + price ) ;
13 System . out . println ( " Grade : " + grade ) ;
14 System . out . println ( " Passed : " + passed ) ;
15 }
16 }
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Listing 2: VariableExample.java
Explanation: Each variable is declared with a type and initialized with a
value. The + operator concatenates (joins) strings and variables for printing.
Name: AliceAge: 20Price: $99.99Grade: APassed: true
5. Simple Arithmetic Operations
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You can use variables to perform arithmetic operations like addition, sub-
traction, multiplication, and division.
1 // Program showing basic arithmetic t
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2 public class Ar ithmet icExam ple {
3 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
4 int a = 15;
5 int b = 4;
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7 int sum = a + b ; // addition
8 int diff = a - b ; // subtraction
int prod = a * b ; // multiplication
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10 int quot = a / b ; // integer division
11 int mod = a % b ; // remainder ( modulus )
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13 System . out . println ( " Sum : " + sum ) ;
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14 System . out . println ( " Difference : " + diff ) ;
15 System . out . println ( " Product : " + prod ) ;
16 System . out . println ( " Quotient : " + quot ) ;
17 System . out . println ( " Remainder : " + mod ) ;
18 }
19 }
Listing 3: ArithmeticExample.java
Explanation: The program performs arithmetic and stores the results in
variables, then prints them.
Sum: 19Difference: 11Product: 60Quotient: 3Remainder: 3
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Notes
• Java programs are made up of classes.
• The main method is the starting point.
• Use variables to store data of specific types.
• Use System.out.println() to print output.
• Java supports arithmetic and string operations.
Next lesson: Learn about control flow statements like if, for, and while
loops!
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