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SQL Notes

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a language for managing data in relational databases, with basic commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. It includes functionalities for creating tables, inserting and selecting data, using aggregate functions, and performing joins and subqueries. Additional tips include using LIMIT for row restriction and DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates.

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11 views2 pages

SQL Notes

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a language for managing data in relational databases, with basic commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. It includes functionalities for creating tables, inserting and selecting data, using aggregate functions, and performing joins and subqueries. Additional tips include using LIMIT for row restriction and DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates.

Uploaded by

gsidhvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Notes

What is SQL?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to store, retrieve, manage, and manipulate data in relational

databases.

Basic SQL Commands

SELECT - Retrieve data

INSERT - Add new data

UPDATE - Modify data

DELETE - Remove data

CREATE - Create table/database

DROP - Delete table/database

WHERE - Conditions

ORDER BY - Sorting

Create Table

CREATE TABLE Students (

ID INT PRIMARY KEY,

Name VARCHAR(100),

Age INT,

Grade CHAR(1)

);

Insert Data

INSERT INTO Students (ID, Name, Age, Grade)

VALUES (1, 'Alice', 20, 'A');

Select Data

SELECT * FROM Students;

SELECT Name, Age FROM Students WHERE Age > 18;


SQL Notes

Update Data

UPDATE Students SET Grade = 'B' WHERE ID = 1;

Delete Data

DELETE FROM Students WHERE Name = 'Alice';

Aggregate Functions

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Students;

SELECT AVG(Age) FROM Students;

SELECT MAX(Age), MIN(Age) FROM Students;

Group By and Having

SELECT Grade, COUNT(*) FROM Students GROUP BY Grade HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

Joins

SELECT Students.Name, Courses.CourseName

FROM Students

INNER JOIN Courses ON Students.ID = Courses.StudentID;

Subqueries

SELECT Name FROM Students WHERE Age > (SELECT AVG(Age) FROM Students);

Aliases

SELECT Name AS StudentName, Age AS StudentAge FROM Students;

Tips

- Use LIMIT to restrict rows

- Use DISTINCT to remove duplicates

- Use WHERE, AND, OR, NOT for filtering

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