Experiment : 08
Title : Exploring basics of NumPy Methods
Theory:
NumPy is a powerful library for numerical computations in Python. It provides a set of
methods and functions for working with arrays, matrices, and numerical data. Some of
the basic methods of NumPy are:
1. Creating Arrays: NumPy provides several ways to create arrays. The most
common way is to use the array() function. For example, to create a
one-dimensional array of integers, you can use:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4,
5])
print(arr)
Output: [1 2 3 4 5]
You can also create arrays of zeros, ones, or a range of numbers using functions
like zeros(), ones(), and arange().
2. Accessing Elements: You can access individual elements of a NumPy array using
their index. For example, to access the first element of the array created above, you
can use:
print(arr[0])
Output:
1
You can also access a range of elements using slicing. For example, to access the
first three elements of the array, you can use:
print(arr[:3])
Output:
[1 2 3]
3. Basic Operations: NumPy provides several basic operations for working with
arrays. For example, you can perform element-wise addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division using arithmetic operators. For example:
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
print(a + b)
print(a - b)
print(a * b)
print(a / b)
Output:
[5 7 9]
[-3 -3 -3]
[ 4 10 18]
[0.25 0.4 0.5 ]
4. Broadcasting: NumPy supports broadcasting, which allows you to perform
arithmetic operations on arrays of different shapes and sizes. For example:
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = 2
print(a + b)
Output:
[3 4 5]
In this example, the scalar value b is broadcasted to match the shape of the array a.
5. Universal Functions: NumPy provides a set of universal functions (ufuncs) that
operate element-wise on arrays. These functions include mathematical functions
like sin(), cos(), and exp(), and statistical functions like mean(), median(), and
std(). For example:
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
print(np.sin(a))
print(np.mean(a))
Output:
[0.84147098 0.90929743 0.14112001]
2.0
6. Shape Manipulation: NumPy provides several functions for manipulating the shape
of arrays. For example, you can reshape an array using the reshape() function:
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
b = a.reshape((2, 3))
print(b)
Output:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
You can also transpose an array using the transpose() function:
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
b = np.transpose(a)
print(b)
Output:
[[1 4]
[2 5]
[3 6]]
Conclusion: We have learned the basics of NumPy Methods.
