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Arrays in Python

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views4 pages

Arrays in Python

Uploaded by

aditi.priya.909
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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✅ Arrays in Python – Master Note with Explanations & Examples

🔢 Array Basics and Creation

✅ Importing and Creating a Typed Array

 Python’s array module stores data more efficiently than lists using typecodes.

 A typecode defines the type and size of elements (e.g., 'i' for integer, 'f' for float).

CopyEdit:

import array as arr

a = arr.array('i', [1, 2, 3]) # 'i' = signed int (2 or 4 bytes depending on system)

✳️ Why use this? Saves memory and improves performance for large numeric data.

✅ Indexing (positive & negative)

 Array indexing is zero-based (starts from 0).

 Negative indexing accesses elements from the end of the array.

CopyEdit:

print(a[0]) # First element

print(a[-1]) # Last element

🔧 Array Manipulation

✅ Insert an Element at a Specific Index

 insert(index, value) adds a value at a specified index, shifting others right.

CopyEdit:

a.insert(1, 10) # Inserts 10 at index 1

✅ Append an Element at the End

 Adds value at the end of the array.

CopyEdit:

a.append(20)
✅ Update an Element

 Access the index and assign a new value.

CopyEdit:

a[2] = 30 # Updates index 2 to 30

✅ Delete an Element using pop()

 Removes and returns the element at a given index.

CopyEdit:

a.pop(1) # Removes element at index 1

✳️ Also useful: a.remove(value) removes the first occurrence of a value, not by index.

🧠 Advanced Array Operations

✅ Slicing with Steps

 Syntax: array[start:stop:step]

 Allows flexible element selection.

CopyEdit:

sliced = a[1:4:1] # Gets elements from index 1 to 3

✅ Reverse the Array

 Use negative step in slicing to reverse.

CopyEdit:

reversed_a = a[::-1]

✳️ Trick: No need for a separate reverse() method in array module.

✅ Find Index of an Element

 index(value) returns the first index where value appears.

CopyEdit:

idx = a.index(30)

✳️ Raises an error if the value is not found.


✅ Sort the Array

 Built-in arrays don’t have a sort() method — use sorted() and wrap back in array.

CopyEdit:

sorted_list = sorted(a) # Returns a list

a = arr.array('i', sorted_list) # Convert back to array

✳️ For descending order: sorted(a, reverse=True)

📊 NumPy Arrays – For Advanced Use Cases

✅ Create a NumPy Array

 NumPy arrays support vectorized operations, matrices, and faster math.

CopyEdit:

import numpy as np

na = np.array([1, 2, 3])

✅ Check Dimensions

 .ndim gives the number of dimensions (1D, 2D, 3D...)

CopyEdit:

na1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(na1.ndim) # 1

na2 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

print(na2.ndim) # 2

✳️ Used in ML/AI for handling data like vectors, matrices, tensors.

✅ Create Arrays with Specific Shape

 Use zeros(), ones(), or reshape() for structured arrays.


CopyEdit:

zeros_array = np.zeros((2, 3)) # 2 rows, 3 columns filled with 0

print(zeros_array)

✳️ This is helpful when initializing data for models or matrix operations.

✅ Vectorized Operations

 NumPy supports operations on entire arrays at once.

CopyEdit:

na = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(na + 5) # Output: [6 7 8]

✳️ Unlike Python lists, you don’t need to loop — NumPy does it faster and internally.

📝 Final Notes

 ✅ Use array.array for lightweight, typed, single-dimensional numeric data.

 ✅ Use NumPy for advanced data manipulation, multi-dimensional arrays, and


performance-heavy tasks.

 ❗ Python lists are flexible but slower and memory-heavy for numeric data processing.

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