Python Beginner Methods & Functions Cheat Sheet
1. STRING METHODS (str)
Strings are text inside quotes: "hello" or 'hello'.
.lower() – Makes all letters lowercase.
text = "HeLLo"
print(text.lower()) # "hello"
.upper() – Makes all letters uppercase.
text = "hello"
print(text.upper()) # "HELLO"
.title() – Capitalizes the first letter of each word.
text = "hello world"
print(text.title()) # "Hello World"
.strip() – Removes spaces or chosen characters from both ends.
text = " hello "
print(text.strip()) # "hello"
.replace(old, new) – Replaces all occurrences of old with new.
text = "I like cats"
print(text.replace("cats", "dogs")) # "I like dogs"
.split(separator) – Breaks the string into a list using separator.
text = "a,b,c"
print(text.split(",")) # ['a', 'b', 'c']
.join(list) – Joins list elements into a string.
words = ["I", "love", "Python"]
print(" ".join(words)) # "I love Python"
.find(substring) – Finds the first position of substring (-1 if not found).
text = "banana"
print(text.find("na")) # 2
.count(substring) – Counts how many times a substring appears.
text = "banana"
print(text.count("a")) # 3
.startswith(prefix) – Checks if a string starts with prefix.
text = "hello"
print(text.startswith("he")) # True
.endswith(suffix) – Checks if a string ends with suffix.
text = "hello"
print(text.endswith("lo")) # True
2. LIST METHODS (list)
Lists are collections of items: [1, 2, 3]
.append(item) – Adds an item to the end.
nums = [1, 2]
nums.append(3)
.insert(index, item) – Inserts an item at position.
nums = [1, 3]
nums.insert(1, 2)
.remove(item) – Removes the first occurrence.
nums = [1, 2, 3, 2]
nums.remove(2)
.pop(index) – Removes item at index and returns it.
nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.pop()
.sort() – Sorts list ascending.
nums = [3, 1, 2]
nums.sort()
.reverse() – Reverses order of list.
nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.reverse()
.count(item) – Counts how many times item appears.
nums = [1, 2, 2]
nums.count(2)
.index(item) – Finds index of first occurrence.
nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.index(2)
.extend(list2) – Adds all from another list.
nums = [1, 2]
nums.extend([3, 4])
3. NUMBER FUNCTIONS
abs(x) – Absolute value.
abs(-5) # 5
round(x, n) – Round to n decimals.
round(3.14159, 2) # 3.14
max(a, b, c) – Largest value.
max(1, 5, 3) # 5
min(a, b, c) – Smallest value.
min(1, 5, 3) # 1
sum(list) – Sum of numbers.
sum([1, 2, 3]) # 6
4. GENERAL BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
len(x) – Number of items.
len("hello") # 5
type(x) – Data type.
type(42) #
str(x) – Convert to string.
str(123) # "123"
int(x) – Convert to integer.
int("42") # 42
float(x) – Convert to float.
float("3.14") # 3.14
