SQL Chapter 3
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
Faculty Training and Placement VNIT Nagpur
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
The SQL SELECT Statement
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Select ALL columns
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The SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement
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Output :
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Count Distinct
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Example :
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The SQL WHERE Clause
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SQL Query
Basic form: (plus many many more bells and whistles)
SELECT <attributes>
FROM <one or more relations>
WHERE <conditions>
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
Simple SQL Query
Product PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi
SELECT *
FROM Product
WHERE category=‘Gadgets’
PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
“selection”
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
Simple SQL Query
Product PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi
SELECT PName, Price, Manufacturer
FROM Product
WHERE Price > 100
PName Price Manufacturer
“selection” and SingleTouch $149.99 Canon
“projection” MultiTouch $203.99 Hitachi
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
Notation
Input Schema
Product(PName, Price, Category, Manfacturer)
SELECT PName, Price, Manufacturer
FROM Product
WHERE Price > 100
Answer(PName, Price, Manfacturer)
Output Schema
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The SQL ORDER BY
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DESC Keyword
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Order-By Alphabetically
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Alphabetically DESC
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Using Both ASC and DESC
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The SQL IN Operator
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The SQL BETWEEN Operator
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SQL Aliases
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SQL Aggregate Functions
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The SQL MIN() and MAX() Functions
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Max Example
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SQL SUM() Function
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The SQL AVG() Function
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The SQL LIKE Operator
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Details
• Case insensitive:
• Same: SELECT Select select
• Same: Product product
• Different: ‘Seattle’ ‘seattle’
• Constants:
• ‘abc’ - yes
• “abc” - no
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
The LIKE operator
SELECT *
FROM Products
WHERE PName LIKE ‘%gizmo%’
• s LIKE p: pattern matching on strings
• p may contain two special symbols:
• % = any sequence of characters
• _ = any single character
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
Eliminating Duplicates
Category
SELECT DISTINCT category Gadgets
FROM Product Photography
Household
Compare to:
Category
Gadgets
SELECT category Gadgets
FROM Product Photography
Household
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Ordering the Results
SELECT pname, price, manufacturer
FROM Product
WHERE category=‘gizmo’ AND price > 50
ORDER BY price, pname
Ties are broken by the second attribute on the ORDER BY list, etc.
Ordering is ascending, unless you specify the DESC keyword.
By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi
SELECT DISTINCT category
FROM Product
ORDER BY category ?
SELECT Category
FROM Product
ORDER BY PName
?
SELECT DISTINCT category
FROM Product
ORDER BY PName By Prof Yogita V Deshmukh
?
