Python:

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---------------------------------
1)why Python?
2)who can learn Python?
3)How Python was Built?
4)Python Real Time Applications
5)Python Usage
6)Python Features
7)Python Comparison with other programming
8)Python Scope and Job market.
9)Python Software Foundation(PSF)

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Why Python?

Python is a
-General Purpose
-Multi Programming paradigm
-High-level
-interpreted
-user-friendly programming language

Python is a user-friendly programming language which provides

simple syntaxes which looks like normal English stmts.

Python was developed by Guido Van Rossum in the year 1989.

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Python was built or derived by taking the features or
advantages from various other programming languages
such as
1)Procedural Oriented Programming: ex :C-Language----------
>Functions
2)Object Oriented Programming ex: C++,Java -----------
>Security, Re-usability, flexibility
3)Scripting Languages ex: shell script---------
>dynamic Datatypes
4)Modular Programming ex: modula-3 ----------
>Modules--------->89300

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Dynamic Datatypes:

C/C++/Java Python

int x=10 x=10 based on the value

assigned the variables are created dynamically

float y=4.5 y=4.5 type(y)----->float

string z="hello" z="hello"

Modules :
python provides modules for each and every domain such as
Data science ------------->separate modules
Machine Learning---------> " "
Big Data-----------------> " "
Testing -----------------> " "
Networking --------------> " "
Animations---------------> " "
OS ----------------------> " "
Oracle-------------------> " "
MySQL--------------------> " "
Excel -------------------> " "
xml ---------------------> " "
csv----------------------> " "
pdf ---------------------> " "
math---------------------> " "
statistics---------------> " "
Administrative Activities> " "
Graphs-------------------> " "

Python Real Time Applications:

Today python is mostly used in developing the following

Applications:
Python Real Time Applications:

1.Web Applications:

2.Automation Applications
-Data science--------->Machine Learning--->
-IOT

3.Bigdata: KB,MB,GB, TB,PB,EB,ZB,YB,SB

4.Scientific Applications:
5 .GUI/Animations :

6. Game Development: PyGame,Pykara ,PySoy

7.Software Development:

8.Bussiness : Tryton

9. Database

10.N/W Programming :Twisted Python

11. Audio and video Applications

12.CAD Applications

13.Embeded Applications

14.Desktop Applications:

15.WebScraping:

16.Computer vision

17.Robotics

18.Data Analysis

Who are using Python Today:

1)Google : Uses Python Script in web Search systems.

2)YouTube : Video sharing service is largely written in

python.

3)MMOG : Massively Multi-player Online Games uses python

4)Maya : A powerful 3D animation system provides python

scripting API

5)iRobot: uses python to develop commercial and military

robotic devices.

6)BitTorrent: File sharing system, began its life as a python

program.
7)Google's App Engine: web development framework uses python
as an application language.

8)IronPort Email server : Uses more than 1 million lines of

python code to do its job.

9)Hardware Testing: Intel, Cisco, HP, Seagate, Qualcomm ,IBM

etc uses python for H/W Testing.

10)Financial Marketing.....

11)Yahoo

12)Instagram

13)Quora

14)Reddit

15)Pinterest

16)Dropbox

Python Features:

1)Powerful standard Library: provides many Built in

Functionalities for performing various operations.

2)Wide varieties of modules :89300 modules

3)Supports interactive mode: User can easily interact with

Python interpreter line by line.

4)Supports dynamic datatypes:

5)supports Object oriented Programming:

6)supports all major databases.

7)Extendable

8)Can be easily integrated with other languages

9)simple and easy and looks like normal English stmts.

Python Comparison with other Programming:

ex: accepting 2 no's from the user and performing addition.

1. Using Java

import java.io.*;
class sample
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
System.out.println("Enter 1st No:");
String s1=br.readLine();
int i=Integer.parseInt(s1);
System.out.println("Enter 2nd No:");
String s2=br.readLine();
int j=Integer.parseInt(s2);
System.out.println(i+j);
}
}

2. Using Python:

x=int(input("Enter value of x:"))

y=int(input("Enter value of y:"))
print(x+y)

Python Software Foundation(PSF):

PSF is a non-profit organization devoted to python programming

language.

-It was launched on March 6th,2001.

-Mission : to faster the development of python community.

-in 2005, PSF received "Computerworld Horizon Award" for

cutting-edge Technology

President and Founder : Guido Van Rossum

Headquarters: Delaware, United States

Official website: www.python.org/psf

Python versions:

python 1.xxx ------------>1989

python 2.xxx ------------>2000
python 3.xxx ------------>2008

Latest version of python------------->python 3.10

Stable version of python------------->python 3.7
(mostly used version)
Previous stable version is----------->Python 2.7

Python Installation:

Google-------->python download------------->download----->all
releases----->select python 3.7.4

click 64 bit executable installer---->download starts

double click the downloaded file---------->select add python

to path

go for customize installation------->next----->select location

to install as C:\python39

--- install

check whether python is installed correctly or not:

go to cmdprompt----------->type python------->it should

display python version and interpreter.
Python IDES's:

1)PyCharm---------->mostly used
2)Pydev
3)Komodo
4)Spyder
5)Eclipse
6)NetBeans
7)Jupiter Notebook
8)VSCode
9)Atom

Python Execution Modes: 2 modes of Execution

1)Interactive mode
2)Batch mode

Interactive mode: Here we directly type our python stmts on

interpreter and can easily communicate line by line.

Advantage: For learning Python and to test the functionalities

of python

Batch mode: Here we write set or batch of stmts within

Editors/IDE's and save it by using.py extension and later
submit to python interpreter.

Various Editors:
1)Notepad
2)Edit plus
3)vi
4)nano
5)gedit

Various IDE's (Integrated Development Environment)

1)PyCharm---------->mostly used
2)Pydev
3)Komodo
4)Spyder
5)Eclipse
6)NetBeans
7)Jupyter Notebook
8)VSCode
9)Atom

Developing Python Applications using Editors:

Ex: Notepad

open notepad and type the following python stmts.

x=10
y=20
print(x+y)
print(x-y)
print(x*y)
print(x/y)

save it using sample1.py extension and later submit to python

interpreter.

submitting the file to interpreter------->

go to cmdprompt---->python C:\pythonweekend\sample1.py
It gives the output

here we are writing the code at one place and executing it at

other place instead we can write and execute at a single
place, for that whenever we install python, along with python
we can IDLE(Integrated Development Environment)----->where we
can work with interactive mode as well as
batch mode.
Datatypes: 2 Types
1. Fundamental Datatypes----------->Object holding a single
value.

5 Types

1.int ----->age=25
2.float --->sal=90870.40
3.boolean-->True/False
4.string -->city="Hyderabad"
5.complex-->x+jy

2.Collection Datatypes ----------->Object holding group of

values.

4 Types

1.List ------->[ ] ex: x=[10,20,30,40]

2.Tuple ------->( ) y=(10,20,30,40)
3.Set ------->{ } z={10,20,30,40}
4.Dictionary -->{k:v} p={"Name":"Ajay" ,"Age":25}
k v

Fundamental Datatypes:

i)int
ii)float
iii)Boolean
iv)complex
v)string '''

#working with integers

x=10
y=20

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(id(x))

#Output:
10
<class 'int'>
140725611127880

print(y)
print(type(y))
print(id(y))

#Output
20
<class 'int'>
140725611128200

z=x+y
print(z)
print(type(z))
print(id(z))

#Output:
30
<class 'int'>
140725611128520

# Fundamental Datatypes:

#1.int

#case 1:

x=10

print(x)
print(id(x))
print(type(x))

Output:

10
140725611193416
<class 'int'>
#Case 2: Defining 2 variables with 2 different values--->2
objects are created with 2 different addresses

x=10
y=20

print(x)
print(id(x))
print(type(x))

10
140725611193416
<class 'int'>

print(y)
print(id(y))
print(type(y))

20
140725611193736
<class 'int'>

z=x+y
print(z)
print(id(z))
print(type(z))

30
140725611194056
<class 'int'>

w=y-x
print(w)
print(id(w))
print(type(w))

10
140725611193416
<class 'int'>
# Case 3: defining 2 variables with same values----->only one
object created and its address is returned to both variables

x=10
y=10

print(x)
print(id(x))
print(type(x))

10
140725611193416
<class 'int'>

print(y)
print(id(y))
print(type(y))

10
140725611193416
<class 'int'>

z=x+y
print(z)
print(id(z))
print(type(z))

20
140725611193736
<class 'int'>

#Case 4:initializing multiple values to a variable--->

multiple objects created--->always latest value will be
returned.

x=10
print(id(x))

Output:

140725611193416

x=20
print(x)
print(id(x))
print(type(x))

140725611193736
<class 'int'>

x=10
print(x)
print(id(x))
print(type(x))

140725611193416
<class 'int'>

# Float data type

x=4.5

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(id(x))

4.5
<class 'float'>
1966153698000

y=20
print(y)
print(id(y))
print(type(y))

20
140725611193736
<class 'int'>

z=x+y #int+float------>float
print(z)
print(type(z))
print(id(z))

24.5
<class 'float'>
1966152470512
#String: A String is a sequence collection of Characters

'''
In Python, a string is represented using
1.Single quote(' ')
2.Double quote(" ")
3.Triple quote(''' ''')

Each character of a string is represented or accessed by a

unique index

String supports 2 types of indexes:

1.positive index or Forward index-->starts from left to
right--->index starts with 0
2.Negative index or Backward index-->starts from right to
left-->index starts with -1.
'''

x="python"

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))

y="programming"

print(x+" "+y) #Concatenation--->adding 2 strings--->1st

string followed by 2nd string

python
<class 'str'>
6
python programming
#String slicing: Extracting particular portion of a string

x="python program"
#Extract---->"python"
print(x[0:6])#Always upper bound is excluded

#Extract--->"prog"
print(x[7:11])
print(x[11:7])#Empty string-->bcoz always slicing in the
forward direction
#Extract--->"prog" using -ve index
print(x[-7:-3])
#Extract-->"program"
print(x[7:14])
print(x[7: ])
print(x[-7: ])

print(x[ :6])
print(x[ : ])
print(x)
print(x[0: ])
print(x[0:14:2]) #(Startvalue,stopvalue,stepvalue)
print(x[::2])
print(x[::-1]) #reverses the string

#Palindrome :If we reverse a string, if we get the same string

then it is a palindrome

#ex:madam,malayalam,dad,mom,nitin

x="madam"
print(x)

y=x[::-1]
print(y)
#String methods:

#1.upper(): To print in uppercase

x="hyderabad"
print(x.upper())
print(x)

#2.lower():To print in lowercase

x="MUMBAI"
print(x.lower())

#3.capitalize():for capitalizing the 1st character of a string

x="india"
print(x.capitalize())

#4.title():for capitalizing the 1st character of each word in

a string

x="good evening hyderabad"

print(x.title())

#ex:
emps="rahul,ajay,blake,miller,james,amar,rohith"
print(emps.title())

#5.replace(): for replacing a portion of a string

x="Java is Easy and Java is simple"

print(x.replace("Java","Python"))
print(x)

#6.Swapcase():for converting one case to another case

x="good evening hyderabad"

print(x.swapcase())

#7.count(): To count the no of occurrences of a sub-string or

a character

x="hello hello hello...how are you???"

print(x.count("hello"))
print(x.count("h"))

#8.format():for substitutions

x="His name is {} and he is a {}"

print(x.format("Ajay","doctor"))

#ex:2
x="{} is the {} of {}"
print(x.format("Delhi","capital","India"))

#9.strip(): For removing the blank spaces before and after the
string

x=" Good Evening Hyderabad "

print(x,len(x))

y=x.strip()
print(y,len(y))

#10. find(): To check whether a sub-string is available or not

#if found it returns the 1st character index position else it
returns -1.

x="Python is easier than Java"

print(x.find("Java"))
print(x.find("hadoop"))

#11.split():If we split a string, we get a list

x="Good Evening Hyderabad"

y=x.split(" ")
print(y,type(y))
print(y[2])

#ex:
emp="101,Rahul,Manager,60000,pune"
y=emp.split(",")
print(y,type(y))
print(y[1],y[3])
#print():output function--->output stmts in python

x=10
y=20

print(x,y)

print(x,y,sep=",")

print(x,y,sep=" ")

print()

print(x,y,sep="\t") ; print(x,y,sep=":")

print(x,y,sep="-->")

print("\n")

print(x,y,sep="\n")

a=10 ; b=20 ; c=30

print(a,b,c,sep=",")

print(a) ; print(b) ; print(c)

print("Good",end=" ")
print("Morning")

print("Good",end="\t")
print("Morning")

print("Good",end="")
print("Morning")

print("Good",end=" ")
print("Morning",end=" ")
print("Hyderabad")
#input(): For accepting input from the user keyboard

fname=input("Enter the First Name:")

lname=input("Enter the Last Name:")

print(fname+" "+lname)

print(fname,lname,sep=" ")

#Accepting 2 values from the user keyboard and performing

addition
#Note:whatever we are accepting through input function is by
default
taken as string and later we need to convert to respective
Data type.

x=int(input("Enter value of x:"))

y=int(input("Enter value of y:"))

print(x,type(x))

print(y,type(y))

print(x+y)

#There are 2 types of objects in Python:

'''
1.Immutable objects: Objects which doesn’t allow to change or
modify its content are called as immutable objects.

ex: All fundamental data types and tuples

2.Mutable elements : Objects which allow to change or modify

its content are called as mutable objects.

ex: list, set, dictionary.

'''

#ex:
x=[10,20,30,40,50]
print(x)

x[1]=25
print(x)

# Collection Data types: 4 types

'''
1.List ------->[ ]

2.Tuple------->( )

3.Set -------->{ }

4.Dictionary-->{k:v}
'''
#1.List :List is a collection datatype which holds group of
values.

#List Properties:

1.List represented using [ ]

2.List allows both homogeneous(similar) and

heterogeneous(dissimilar) datatypes

x=[10,20,30,40,50]-----> homogeneous elements

y=[101,"Ajay",90870.40]-> heterogeneous elements

3.List allows duplicate elements ex:

x=[10,20,30,40,50,10,20]

4.In List insertion order is followed i.e. the order in which

the elements are inserted in the same order they are stored or
displayed.

5.Each element of a list is identified or accessed by a unique

index.

List supports 2 types of indexes

1. Positive index or forward index-->starts from left to

right--->index starts with 0
2. Negative index or Backward index->starts from right to
left--->index starts with -1.
 0 1 2 3 4 ------>forward index or positive
index
x=[10, 20 , 30 , 40 ,50]
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 ---->backward index or negative
index

6.List is a mutable object i.e. changes or modification are

allowed within a list but elements of a list can be either
mutable or immutable elements.

ex: x=[10,20,30,40,[1,2,3]]

7.List is also created by using list() function.

#Creating a list

x=[10,20,10,30,40,50]

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(id(x))

print(x[0],type(x[0]),id(x[0]))
print(x[1],type(x[1]),id(x[1]))
print(x[2],type(x[2]),id(x[2]))

Output:

[10, 20, 10, 30, 40, 50]

<class 'list'>
2143952768704
10 <class 'int'> 140724047766600
20 <class 'int'> 140724047766920
10 <class 'int'> 140724047766600

#Heterogeneous List

x=[101,"Rahul",80760.40,"pune"]

print(x)
print(x[1][2])

#List Functions

x=[30,10,40,20,50]
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))
print(sum(x))
print(max(x))
print(min(x))
print(sorted(x))
print(sorted(x,reverse=True))

print(reversed(x)) #It reverses the elements and stores the

result in another object and that object address is returned

#Typecast to list

print(list(reversed(x)))
print(list(reversed(sorted(x))))

x=["Lion","Tiger","Fox","Elephant","rat"]

print(max(x))
print(min(x))
print(sorted(x))

Output :

rat
Elephant
['Elephant', 'Fox', 'Lion', 'Tiger', 'rat']

#String sorting happens based on ASCII Values (First character

of a string)

'''
A-65
B-66
C-67
D-68
.
.
.
.
Z-90

a-97
b-98
c-99
d-100
e-101
f-102
.
.
.
.
.
z-122
'''

#List slicing: Extracting particular elements of a list.

x=[10,20,30,40,50,60]

#Extract---->1st 3 elements

print(x[0:3])#always upper bound is excluded

print(x[3:0])#Empty list---.always slicing in the forward
direction

#Extract---->30,40,50
print(x[2:5])
print(x[5:2])#Empty list
print(x[-4:-1])

#Extract---->30 to 60
print(x[2:6])
print(x[2: ])
print(x[-4: ])
print(x[ :3])
print(x[ : ])
print(x)
print(x[0: ])
print(x[-4:4])
print(x[0:6:2])
print(x[::2])
print(x[::-1]) #reverses the List

#Working with list addresses:

x=[10,20,30,40,50]

y=[10,20,30,40,50]

print(x,id(x))

print(y,id(y))
print(x is y)
print(x == y)

#Note: 2 mutable objects with same content can never have the
same addresses but immutable objects with same content then
only one address.

print(x[0],type(x[0]),id(x[0])
print(y[0],type(y[0]),id(y[0])

#Different ways of creating lists:

#1.using []
#2.using list()

#Creating list using list()

x=list() #Empty list created

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))

#ex:2
x=list("python")
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))

#ex:3
'''
x=list("python", "Java") #Error---> bcoz list() takes only one
argument and that argument should be iterable type like
string, list, tuple, set.

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))
'''

#ex:4
'''
x=list(10) #Error---->bcoz int is not iterable
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))

'''
#ex:5
x=list([10,20,30,40,50])
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))

#ex:4
x=list(["python", "Java"])
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(len(x))

#List methods:

#1.append(): for appending an element at the end of the list.

x=[10,20,30,40,50]
print(x,len(x))

x.append(60)
print(x,len(x))

#x.append(70,80) #Error-->bcoz append() takes only one

argument
x.append("Chennai")
print(x,len(x))

x.append((70,80,90))
print(x,len(x))

#2.extend(): for extending a list with the elements of other

list.

y=[1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5,5.5]

x.extend(y)
print(x,len(x))

#3.insert(index,value): for inserting elements at the desired

position

x.insert(2,25)

x.insert(4,"pune")

print(x,len(x))
#4.pop(index):for removing element based on index

x.pop(5)
print(x)

#remove the element---->60

#first find the index of the element 60 using index() method
and delete based on index

#5.index(element): returns the index of an element

print(x.index(60))
x.pop(6)
print(x)

#6.remove(element):removes element based on value

x.remove(50)
x.remove("pune")
print(x)

#7.sort() :For sorting the elements of a list

z=[50,10,40,30,20]
z.sort()
print(z)

#8.reverse():for reversing the elements

a=[1,2,3,4,5]
a.reverse()
print(a)

#9.count(): counts the number of occurrences of an element in

the string

medals=["IND","JAP","AUS","ENG","IND","AUS","ENG","IND","JAP"]
print(medals.count("IND"))

#10.copy() :for duplicating a list

x=[50,60,70,80,90]
y=x.copy()
print(y)