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 Page i

John Dean
Park University

Raymond Dean
University of Kansas
 Page ii

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New

York, NY 10121. Copyright ©2021 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights
reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this
publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any
means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior
written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in
any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or
broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not

be available to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LCR 24 23 22 21 20

ISBN 978-1-26057524-8
MHID 1-260-57524-1

Cover Image: ©Shutterstock/Brian Lasenby

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are

considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time
of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an
endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill
LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at
these sites.

mheducation.com/highered
𝒟edication Page iii
—To Stan and Kate
 Page iv

About the Authors

John Dean is an Associate Professor in the Computer Science and

Information Systems Department at Park University. He earned a
Ph.D. degree in computer science from Nova Southeastern University
and an M.S. degree in computer science from the University of
Kansas. He is Java certified and has worked in industry as a software
engineer and project manager, specializing in Java and various web
technologies—JavaScript, JavaServer Pages, and servlets. He has
taught a full range of computer science courses, including Java
programming and Java-based web programming. He has authored a
web programming textbook with a focus on client-side technologies
HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript.

Raymond Dean is a Professor Emeritus, Electrical Engineering and

Computer Science, University of Kansas. He earned an M.S. degree
from MIT and a Ph.D. degree from Princeton University. As a
professional engineer in the HVAC industry, he wrote computer
programs that design air distribution systems and analyze energy
consumption and sound propagation in buildings. At the University of
Kansas, he taught microprocessor programming, data structures,
and other courses in electrical engineering and computer science.
 Page v

Contents
Preface x
Project Summary xxiv

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Computers and Programming

1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Hardware Terminology 2
1.3 Program Development 10
1.4 Source Code 12
1.5 Compiling Source Code into Object Code 13
1.6 Portability 14
1.7 Emergence of Java 15
1.8 Computer Ethics 18
1.9 First Program—Hello World 19
1.10 GUI Track: Hello World (Optional) 24

CHAPTER 2

Algorithms and Design 32

2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 Output 33
2.3 Variables 34
2.4 Operators and Assignment Statements 35
2.5 Input 36
2.6 Flow of Control and Flowcharts 37
2.7 if Statements 38
2.8 Loops 43
2.9 Loop Termination Techniques 45
2.10 Nested Looping 48
2.11 Tracing 51
2.12 Problem Solving: Other Pseudocode Formats and an
Asset Management Example 55

CHAPTER 3

Java Basics 65
3.1 Introduction 66
3.2 “I Have a Dream” Program 66
3.3 Comments and Readability 67
3.4 The Class Heading 69
3.5 The main Method’s Heading 69
3.6 Braces 70
3.7 System.out.println 71
3.8 Compilation and Execution 73
3.9 Identifiers 73
3.10 Variables 74
3.11 Assignment Statements 75
3.12 Initialization Statements 77
3.13 Numeric Data Types—int, long, float, double 78
3.14 Constants 80
3.15 Arithmetic Operators 83
3.16 Expression Evaluation and Operator Precedence 86
3.17 More Operators: Increment, Decrement, and
Compound Assignment 88
3.18 Tracing 90
3.19 Type Casting 90
3.20 char Type and Escape Sequences 93
3.21 Primitive Variables Versus Reference Variables 95
3.22 Strings 96
3.23 Input—the Scanner Class 100
3.24 Simple File Input for Repetitive Testing During
Program Development 105
3.25 GUI Track: Input and Output with Dialog Boxes
(Optional) 107

CHAPTER 4

Control Statements 119

4.1 Introduction 120 Page vi
4.2 Conditions and Boolean Values 120
4.3 if Statements 121
4.4 && Logical Operator 124
4.5 | | Logical Operator 129
4.6 ! Logical Operator 131
4.7 Switching Constructs 132
4.8 while Loop 138
4.9 do Loop 142
4.10 for Loop 144
4.11 Solving the Problem of Which Loop to Use 149
4.12 Nested Loops 150
4.13 boolean Variables 152
4.14 Input Validation 156
4.15 Problem Solving with Boolean Logic (Optional) 157

CHAPTER 5

Using Prebuilt Methods 170

5.1 Introduction 170
5.2 The API Library 171
5.3 Math Class 177
5.4 Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types 182
5.5 Character Class 186
5.6 String Methods 188
5.7 Formatted Output with the printf> Method 194
5.8 Problem Solving with Random Numbers (Optional)
199
5.9 GUI Track: Covering an Image with a Tinted Pane
(Optional) 203

Interlude 213
Multiple-Method Programs in a Non-Object-Oriented
Environment 213
GUI Track: Multiple-Method Program That Uses
StackPane and Group to Display Images, Rectangles,
Lines, an Oval, and Text (Optional) 216

CHAPTER 6

Object-Oriented Programming 222

6.1 Introduction 223
6.2 Object-Oriented Programming Overview 223
6.3 First OOP Class 227
6.4 Driver Class 230
6.5 Calling Object, this Reference 234
6.6 Instance Variables 236
6.7 Tracing an OOP Program 237
6.8 UML Class Diagrams 242
6.9 Local Variables 244
6.10 The return Statement 247
6.11 Argument Passing 249
6.12 Specialized Methods—Accessors, Mutators, and
Boolean Methods 252
6.13 Problem Solving with Simulation (Optional) 255

CHAPTER 7

Object-Oriented Programming— Additional

Details 272
7.1 Introduction 273
7.2 Object Creation—A Detailed Analysis 273
7.3 Assigning a Reference 275
7.4 Testing Objects for Equality 279
7.5 Passing References as Arguments 284
7.6 Method-Call Chaining 286
7.7 Overloaded Methods 289
7.8 Constructors 293
7.9 Overloaded Constructors 299
7.10 Static Variables 303
7.11 Static Methods 306
7.12 Named Constants 312
7.13 Problem Solving with Multiple Driven Classes 314

CHAPTER 8

Software Engineering 324

8.1 Introduction 325
8.2 Coding-Style Conventions 325
8.3 Documentation for Outsiders 334
8.4 Helper Methods 338
8.5 Encapsulation (with Instance Variables and Page vii
Local Variables) 342
8.6 Recognizing the User’s Point of View 344
8.7 Design Philosophy 345
8.8 Top-Down Design 350
8.9 Bottom-Up Design 359
8.10 Case-Based Design 361
8.11 Iterative Enhancement 361
8.12 Merging the Driver Method into the Driven Class 363
8.13 Accessing Instance Variables Without Using this 365
8.14 Writing Your Own Utility Class 366
8.15 Problem Solving with the API Calendar Class
(Optional) 368
8.16 GUI Track: Problem Solving with CRC Cards
(Optional) 370

CHAPTER 9

Arrays 384
9.1 Introduction 385
9.2 Array Basics 385
9.3 Array Declaration and Creation 387
9.4 Array length Property and Partially Filled Arrays 391
9.5 Copying an Array 393
9.6 Problem Solving with Array Case Studies 397
9.7 Searching an Array 403
9.8 Sorting an Array 408
9.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays 412
9.10 Arrays of Objects 418
9.11 For-Each Loops 425

CHAPTER 10

ArrayLists and an Introduction to the Java

Collections Framework 435
10.1 Introduction 436
10.2 The ArrayList Class 437
10.3 Storing Primitives in an ArrayList 443
10.4 ArrayList Example Using Anonymous Objects and the
For-Each Loop 446
10.5 ArrayLists Versus Standard Arrays 450
10.6 The LinkedList Class 451
10.7 The List Interface 452
10.8 Problem Solving: How to Compare Method Execution
Times 453
10.9 Queues, Stacks, and the ArrayDeque Class 457
10.10 Overview of the Java Collections Framework 464
10.11 Collections Example—Information Flow in a Network
of Friends 468
10.12 GUI Track: Second Iteration of Problem Solving with
CRC Cards (Optional) 476
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