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SQL Commands Explained With Data

The document provides a comprehensive overview of SQL commands with examples using a sample 'students' table. It covers various commands such as SELECT, WHERE, LIKE, and others, demonstrating their usage with specific queries. Additionally, it includes commands for modifying table structures and performing data manipulation operations.

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dk6832776
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2 views3 pages

SQL Commands Explained With Data

The document provides a comprehensive overview of SQL commands with examples using a sample 'students' table. It covers various commands such as SELECT, WHERE, LIKE, and others, demonstrating their usage with specific queries. Additionally, it includes commands for modifying table structures and performing data manipulation operations.

Uploaded by

dk6832776
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete SQL Commands with Examples

Sample Table. Sample 'students' Table

Table: students

+---------+----------+-------+-------+
| roll_no | name | marks | grade |
+---------+----------+-------+-------+
| 1 | Vikas | 95 | A |
| 2 | Aryan | 88 | B |
| 3 | Sneha | 95 | A |
| 4 | Riya | 76 | C |
| 5 | Mohit | 65 | D |
| 6 | Anjali | NULL | NULL |
+---------+----------+-------+-------+

1. SELECT
Used to view data from a table.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students; -- shows all rows

2. WHERE
Filters records.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE marks > 90; -- shows Vikas and Sneha

3. LIKE
Matches a pattern.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE name LIKE 'A%'; -- shows Aryan, Anjali

4. IN
Checks if value is in a list.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE marks IN (76, 88);

5. BETWEEN
Checks if value is in range.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE marks BETWEEN 70 AND 90;
Complete SQL Commands with Examples

6. IS NULL
Checks if value is NULL.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE grade IS NULL; -- shows Anjali

7. ORDER BY
Sorts results.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY marks DESC;

8. DISTINCT
Removes duplicate values.
Example:
SELECT DISTINCT marks FROM students;

9. GROUP BY
Groups records with same values.
Example:
SELECT grade, COUNT(*) FROM students GROUP BY grade;

10. HAVING
Filters groups.
Example:
SELECT grade, COUNT(*) FROM students GROUP BY grade HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

11. UPDATE
Modifies existing data.
Example:
UPDATE students SET marks = 90 WHERE name = 'Riya';

12. DELETE
Removes data.
Example:
DELETE FROM students WHERE marks < 70; -- removes Mohit

13. INSERT
Adds new data.
Example:
INSERT INTO students VALUES (7, 'Neha', 89, 'B');
Complete SQL Commands with Examples

14. ALTER TABLE ADD


Adds a new column.
Example:
ALTER TABLE students ADD city VARCHAR(20);

15. ALTER TABLE MODIFY


Changes column type.
Example:
ALTER TABLE students MODIFY marks FLOAT;

16. ALTER TABLE DROP


Removes a column.
Example:
ALTER TABLE students DROP COLUMN city;

17. DROP TABLE


Deletes entire table.
Example:
DROP TABLE students;

18. SUBQUERY
Nested query.
Example:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE marks = (SELECT MAX(marks) FROM students);

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