COMPUTER SCIENCE- XI BY SUMIT GARG SIR
Ch- 8 Introduction to Python Modules
Modules
A python module is a file (.py) containing variables, class definitions, statements and functions
related to a particular task. Modules are used to access prewritten code to perform tasks with ease.
A library refers to a collection of modules that together cater to a specific types of needs or
applications.
Importing Modules
To use definitions inside a module, we can import it by using import keyword.
The import statement can be used in two forms:
• To import entire module: import <module>
• To import selected objects from module: from <module> import <object>
Accessing objects defined in modules
To access definitions of a module, we have to write
<module> . <object>
Or
<module> . <function-name> ( )
Types of Python Modules
There are two types of Python modules:
1. Built-in Modules
2. User defined Modules
1. Built-in Modules: There are many built in modules in Python Library. Some of the common built-in
modules are:
• Math module
• Statistics module
• Random module
2. User defined Modules: Modules that are created by python programmers.
Math Module
It provides math related functions and objects. It comes under standard library of Python.
floor(n): This function returns the largest integer which is less than or equal to n. for example
import math
print(math.floor(23.45)
Output : 23
1
COMPUTER SCIENCE- XI BY SUMIT GARG SIR
ceil(n): This function returns the smallest integer which is more than or equal to n. for example
import math
print(math.ceil(23.45)
Output : 24
pow(m, n): This function returns m raise to the power n. for example
import math
print(math.pow(2,3))
Output : 8
sqrt( ): This function return the square root of a number passed as argument. for example
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
Output : 4.0
fabs( ): This method return the absolute value(positive value) of a number passed as an argument.
for example
import math
print(math.fabs(-9))
Output : 9.0
sin( ): This function returns the sine of value passed as argument. for example
import math
print(math.sin(90))
Output : 0.8939966636005579
NOTE : Value passed in this function should be in radian
cos( ) : This function returns the cosine of value passed as argument. for example
import math
print(math.cos(90))
Output : -0.4480736161291701
NOTE : Value passed in this function should be in radian.
tan( ): This function returns the tangent of value passed as argument. for example
import math
print(math.tan(90))
Output : -1.995200412208242
NOTE : Value passed in this function should be in radian.
2
COMPUTER SCIENCE- XI BY SUMIT GARG SIR
pi: It returns mathematical constant. for example
import math
print(math.pi)
Output : 3.141592653589793
e: It returns the mathematical constant
import math
print(math.e)
Output : 2.718281828459045
Statistics Module :Provides functions for statistical calculation on a list of values. Functions of
statistics module are discussed below:
median( ): This function returns the median of the data. Median means middle value. for example :
import statistics
print(statistics.median([23, 45, 56, 67, 78]))
Output : 56
mean( ): This function returns the average of the data passed as an argument. for example
import statistics
print(statistics.mean([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]))
Output : 5.5
mode( ): This function returns the mode ie a number with maximum number of occurrence. for
example
import statistics
print(statistics.mean([1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 5]))
Output : 1
Random Module :Provides functions to generate random numbers. Functions of random module
are discussed below:
randrange( ): This function generates a random number between the lower and upper limit. For
example: to generate a random number between 1 to 20:
import random
a = random.randrange(10, 20)
print(a)
Note: Default lower limit is zero. Randrange( ) always generates a number one less than the higher
limit.
3
COMPUTER SCIENCE- XI BY SUMIT GARG SIR
random( ): This function generated a random floating point from 0 to 1 (including 0 excluding 1).
For example:
import random
a = random.random( )
print(a)
randint( ): This function generates a random integer between the lower and upper limit (including
both the limits). For example:
import random
a = random.randint(20, 30)
print(a)
