SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
ALGORITHMS AND SECURITY
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
LIFE CYCLE
SDLC is a process followed for software building
within a software organization. SDLC consists of a
precise plan that describes how to develop, maintain,
replace, and enhance specific software. The life cycle
defines a method for improving the quality of software
and the all-around development process.
SDLC is a collection of six stages
STAGE-1: PLANNING AND
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Planning is a crucial step in everything, just as in software
development. In this same stage, requirement analysis is
also performed by the developers of the organization. This
is attained from customer inputs, and sales
department/market surveys.
The information from this analysis forms the building
blocks of a basic project. The quality of the project is a
result of planning. Thus, in this stage, the basic project is
designed with all the available information
STAGE-2: DEFINING REQUIREMENTS
In this stage, all the requirements for the target
software are specified. These requirements get
approval from customers, market analysts, and
stakeholders.
This is fulfilled by utilizing SRS (Software Requirement
Specification). This is a sort of document that specifies
all those things that need to be defined and created
during the entire project cycle.
STAGE-3: DESIGNING ARCHITECTURE
Software Requirement Specification
is a reference for software designers to come up with the best
architecture for the software. Hence, with the requirements
defined in SRS, multiple designs for the product architecture are
present in the Design Document Specification (DDS).
This DDS is assessed by market analysts and stakeholders. After
evaluating all the possible factors, the most practical and logical
design is chosen for development.
STAGE-4: DEVELOPING
PRODUCT
At this stage, the fundamental development of the product starts.
For this, developers use a specific programming code as per the
design in the DDS. Hence, it is important for the coders to follow
the protocols set by the association.
Conventional programming tools like compilers, interpreters,
debuggers, etc. are also put into use at this stage. Some popular
languages like C/C++, Python, Java, etc. are put into use as per the
software regulations.
STAGE-5: PRODUCT TESTING AND
INTEGRATION
After the development of the product, testing of the software
is necessary to ensure its smooth execution. Although, minimal
testing is conducted at every stage of SDLC.
Therefore, at this stage, all the probable flaws are tracked,
fixed, and retested. This ensures that the product confronts the
quality requirements of SRS.
STAGE-6: DEPLOYMENT AND
MAINTENANCE OF PRODUCTS
After detailed testing, the conclusive product is released in
phases as per the organization’s strategy. Then it is tested in a
real industrial environment. It is important to ensure its smooth
performance.
If it performs well, the organization sends out the product as a
whole. After retrieving beneficial feedback, the company releases
it as it is or with auxiliary improvements to make it further helpful
for the customers. However, this alone is not enough.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
A programming language is a communication system which enables software
developers to give instructions to the machines. The same way it happens with
languages, some of which can share phrase structures or use similar vocabulary but
others can be completely different from each other, every programming language has
its own syntax and semantic rules.
A programming language is a communication system which enables
software developers to give instructions to the machines. The same
way it happens with languages, some of which can share phrase
structures or use similar vocabulary but others can be completely
different from each other, every programming language has its own
syntax and semantic rules.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Key Features of Programming Languages
Structure: Every programming language follows a proper predefined
structure like predefined syntax, semantics, set of rules, etc.
Abstraction: It refers to the ability of the programming language to
hide complicated details which might be unnecessary for the users. It
is one of the most important and essential features of object-oriented
programming languages.
Efficiency: To avoid consuming too much memory or taking too long,
programming languages are translated and performed efficiently.
Portability: Programming languages are portable, which means that
they should be simple to transfer from one computer to another.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Programming Languages:
Definition: Programming languages are formal languages used to
express instructions that a computer can execute.
Types: Python, Java, C++, JavaScript ,SQL, C#
and many others.
Purpose: Used to build software, applications, and web pages.
Learning: Programming languages require learning syntax and
semantics to write code.
ALGORITHMS
An algorithm is defined as the steps necessary to provide a
solution to a given task. If the programmer is unable to solve the
problem at hand on paper, then the programmer has little if no
chance at all of solving the problem with a microcontroller
through the use of software.
The software and microcontroller are simply tools to implement a
solution. Some problems must be solved by a specific order of
steps while other problems may be solved through a variety of
different combinations of steps.
ALGORITHMS
Definition: An algorithm is a finite
sequence of well-defined
instructions to solve a problem or
perform a computation.
Importance: Algorithms are
essential for efficient problem-
solving in software development.
SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF IT
The Socio-economic impact of IT (information technology)
refers to the broader effects on society and the economy
when IT is implemented or changed. These effects can be
positive, such as increased productivity or economic growth,
or negative, such as job displacement or increased inequality.
A comprehensive understanding of these impacts is crucial for
policymakers and businesses to effectively utilize IT and
mitigate potential negative consequences.
SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF IT
The evolution of technology offers additional insights into
managerial, economic and societal developments and its vital
role in economic growth.
Including GDP growth, employment, productivity, eradicating
poverty, improving quality of life, and improving education
and healthcare.
SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF IT
KEY AREAS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
ECONOMIC GROWTH:
Key Areas of Socio-economic ImpactKey Areas of Socio-economic Impact
IT CAN DRIVE PRODUCTIVITY GAINS, CREATE NEW INDUSTRIES, AND
FACILITATE GLOBALIZATION, LEADING TO ECONOMIC GROWTH.
SOCIAL CHANGE:
IT CAN REVOLUTIONIZE COMMUNICATION, EDUCATION, AND
HEALTHCARE, IMPACTING SOCIAL STRUCTURES AND BEHAVIOR
SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF IT
KEY AREAS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
EMPLOYMENT:
Key Areas of Socio-economic ImpactKey Areas of Socio-economic Impact
IT CAN CREATE NEW JOBS, PARTICULARLY IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND
IT SERVICES, BUT ALSO DISPLACE WORKERS IN TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:
IT INFRASTRUCTURE, INCLUDING DATA CENTERS AND ELECTRONICS, HAS
SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, INCLUDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
AND WASTE GENERATION
SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF IT
IN CONCLUSION:
The socio-economic impact of IT is complex and multifaceted,
with both positive and negative consequences. A thorough
understanding of these impacts is essential for policymakers,
businesses, and individuals to navigate the challenges and
opportunities presented by the digital age.
FRONT-END DEVELOPMENT
Front-end development focuses on the user-facing parts of
a website or application, encompassing everything a user
directly interacts with, such as buttons, text, and layout.
·Front-end development is the part of web development
and application that develops and creates the website's
front-end elements or features immediately visible and
available to the end-user or client.
FRONT-END DEVELOPMENT
User Interface (UI):
Front-end developers are responsible for the visual
design, layout, and overall user experience of a website
or application.
User Experience (UX):
This includes ensuring the website or application is easy
to navigate, responsive, and accessible across different
devices and browsers.
FRONT-END DEVELOPMENT
Front end app development encompasses various
interactive elements like sliders, pop-up forms, and custom
interactive maps.
An essential part of a front end application are navigational
menus, which guide users through the application,
enhancing their overall experience and interaction with the
website or application.
The creation of intuitive and user-friendly navigational
menus is a key skill for front-end developers.
BACK-END DEVELOPMENT
Backend development focuses on the server-side logic and
infrastructure of web applications, handling tasks like data
storage, user authentication, and API management.
It's the unseen part of a website or application that makes the
front end function correctly. Backend developers use
programming languages like Python, Java, Ruby, and Node.js,
and work with databases, servers, and APIs to build the core
functionality of a websit
BACK-END DEVELOPMENT
Server-side logic:
Backend developers write the code that handles user
requests, processes data, and interacts with the database.
Databases:
They design, implement, and manage databases to store and
retrieve information. This includes choosing between SQL (like
MySQL or PostgreSQL) and NoSQL databases (like MongoDB)
based on the project's needs.
BACK-END DEVELOPMENT
APIs:
They create and maintain APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
that allow different parts of the application (and even different
applications) to communicate with each other.
Security:
Backend development includes implementing security measures to
protect user data and prevent unauthorized access.
Scalability and performance:
Backend developers work to ensure that the application can handle
increasing traffic and user load while maintaining good performance
BLACKLISTING IN SECURITY
In cybersecurity, a blacklist is a list of entities, like IP
addresses, domains, or applications, that are considered
malicious or untrusted and are blocked from accessing a
system or network. It's a proactive security measure to
prevent known threats from causing harm
BLACKLISTING IN SECURITY
How Blacklists Work:
Blacklists are used in various security tools like firewalls, intrusion
detection systems, and email filters.
They can be maintained manually by security teams or automatically
generated by analyzing network traffic and threat intelligence.
Email providers use blacklists to filter out spam and phishing emails.
Browsers and search engines use blacklists to warn users about
malicious websites.
BLACKLISTING IN SECURITY
Benefits of Blacklisting:
Proactive Threat Prevention:
By blocking known threats, blacklists help prevent attacks before they
happen.
Reduced Risk:
Minimizes the risk of malware infections, data breaches, and other security
incidents.
Improved Network Security:
Protects networks and systems from malicious traffic and unwanted content.
Reduced Spam:
Email blacklists help reduce the amount of spam and phishing emails
reaching users.
WHITELISTING IN SECURITY
In cybersecurity, a whitelist, also known as an allowlist, is a
security mechanism that grants access only to pre-approved
items, such as applications, IP addresses, or email addresses,
while blocking everything else. This contrasts with
blacklisting, where only known malicious items are blocked,
and everything else is permitted.
WHITELISTING IN SECURITY
How it works:
Defining the allowed entities:
A whitelist is created by specifying a list of trusted entities (e.g.,
applications, IP addresses, email addresses) that are allowed to access a
system or network.
Default denial:
Any item not explicitly listed on the whitelist is automatically blocked
from accessing the system or network.
Proactive security:
This approach is considered more secure than blacklisting because it
starts with a clean slate, only allowing trusted entities, and preventing
unknown or potentially malicious items from gaining access.
WHITELISTING IN SECURITY
Benefits of whitelisting:
Reduced risk of malware and unauthorized access:
By only allowing trusted applications and resources,
whitelisting significantly reduces the chances of
malware infections and unauthorized access to sensitive
data.
Improved security posture:
Whitelisting enhances an organization's overall security
posture by proactively preventing attacks and breaches.
CRYPTOGRAPHY IN SECURITY
Cryptography in cybersecurity is the practice of using secret
codes (algorithms) to protect information from unauthorized
access and ensure secure communication.
It transforms data into an unreadable format (ciphertext) that
can only be decrypted by those with the correct key. This
process is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data in various
applications, including online transactions, secure email, and
data storage.
CRYPTOGRAPHY IN SECURITY
Cryptography is the art of creating a secure communication
channel by encrypting and decrypting data using code, meaning
that no one other than the destined person can see the transmitted
data.
Cryptography mainly uses mathematical principles and a series of
formulas and algorithms to encrypt messages so that decrypting
these messages becomes impossible. It’s used everywhere in
today’s world, from securing day-to-day communication in social
media platforms to securing banking transaction activity for online
e-commerce.
CRYPTOGRAPHY IN SECURITY
Importance of Cryptography in Cybersecurity:
Protecting sensitive data:
Cryptography is essential for securing sensitive information like financial data, personal
details, and intellectual property.
Securing online communication:
Cryptography ensures secure communication channels, preventing eavesdropping and
data breaches.
Ensuring data integrity:
Cryptographic techniques help prevent data tampering and ensure that information
remains accurate.
Building trust in digital systems:
Cryptography plays a crucial role in establishing trust and confidence in online
transactions and digital interactions.
MACHINE LEARNING
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) focused
on enabling systems to learn from data and improve their
performance on specific tasks without explicit programming.
It involves using algorithms to analyze data, identify patterns, and
make predictions or decisions. Essentially, ML allows computers to
learn from experience and data, much like humans do, to perform
tasks that would typically require human intelligence
MACHINE LEARNING
Key Concepts:
Algorithms: Mathematical formulas that define the learning
process.
Data: The information used to train the algorithms and build
models.
Models: The output of the learning process, which can be used
for predictions or decisions.
MACHINE LEARNING
Applications:
Machine learning is used in a wide range of applications, including:
Recommendation systems: Suggesting products or content based on user
preferences.
Image recognition: Identifying objects and features in images.
Fraud detection: Identifying fraudulent transactions.
Natural language processing: Understanding and generating human language.
Predictive analytics: Forecasting future trends and outcomes.
MACHINE LEARNING
Conclusion:
In essence, machine learning is a powerful tool that
allows computers to learn from data and perform
tasks that were once only possible for humans, driving
innovation across many industries
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THANK YOU.
