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Variables_and_Methods_in_Java

The document explains variables and methods in Java, detailing their definitions, types, and examples. Variables are categorized into local, instance, and static, while methods include instance, static, abstract, final, and synchronized types. Key points highlight the roles of variables in data storage and methods in defining actions within Java programming.

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sathish kumar
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7 views3 pages

Variables_and_Methods_in_Java

The document explains variables and methods in Java, detailing their definitions, types, and examples. Variables are categorized into local, instance, and static, while methods include instance, static, abstract, final, and synchronized types. Key points highlight the roles of variables in data storage and methods in defining actions within Java programming.

Uploaded by

sathish kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variables and Methods in Java

1. Variables in Java
Definition:
A variable is a named memory location that stores data during program execution.
In Java, variables have a data type (like int, String, etc.), and they must be declared before
use.

Types of Variables:
1. Local Variable — Declared inside a method, constructor, or block; stored in Stack; exists
until the method/block ends.
2. Instance Variable — Declared inside a class but outside methods; stored in Heap; exists as
long as the object exists.
3. Static Variable — Declared inside a class with 'static' keyword; stored in Method area
(shared across all objects); exists for the entire program.

Example:

class Example {
static int staticVar = 100; // Static variable
int instanceVar; // Instance variable

void show() {
int localVar = 10; // Local variable
System.out.println("Local: " + localVar);
System.out.println("Instance: " + instanceVar);
System.out.println("Static: " + staticVar);
}
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Example obj = new Example();
obj.instanceVar = 50;
obj.show();
}
}

Output:
Local: 10
Instance: 50
Static: 100
2. Methods in Java
Definition:
A method is a block of code that performs a specific task. Methods make code reusable,
readable, and modular.

Types of Methods:
1. Instance Methods — Belong to an object; need an object to call.
2. Static Methods — Belong to the class; can be called without creating an object.
3. Abstract Methods — Declared without implementation (used in abstract classes).
4. Final Methods — Cannot be overridden in child classes.
5. Synchronized Methods — Used in multithreading for thread safety.

Method Syntax:

returnType methodName(parameters) {
// method body
return value; // if returnType is not void
}

Example:

class Calculator {
// Instance Method
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

// Static Method
static int multiply(int a, int b) {
return a * b;
}
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Calculator calc = new Calculator();

// Calling instance method


System.out.println("Sum: " + calc.add(5, 10));

// Calling static method


System.out.println("Product: " + Calculator.multiply(3, 4));
}
}
Output:
Sum: 15
Product: 12

Key Points:
- Variables store data; methods define actions.
- Instance variables → tied to objects.
- Static variables → shared across objects.
- Local variables → temporary and exist only within a method/block.
- Instance methods work on object data; static methods work on class-level data.

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