C Example: Working with Strings
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char name[50]; // Declare a string (character array)
// Input a string
printf("Enter your name: ");
scanf("%s", name); // Reads input until space or newline
is encountered
// Output the string
printf("Hello, %s!\n", name);
// String operations
int length = strlen(name); // Get the length of the string
printf("Your name has %d characters.\n", length);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter your name: Alice
Hello, Alice!
Your name has 5 characters.
C++ Example: Working with Strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string> // Include the string library
int main() {
std::string name; // Declare a string object
// Input a string
std::cout << "Enter your name: ";
std::cin >> name; // Reads input until space or newline is
encountered
// Output the string
std::cout << "Hello, " << name << "!" << std::endl;
// String operations
int length = name.length(); // Get the length of the
string
std::cout << "Your name has " << length << " characters."
<< std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter your name: Alice
Hello, Alice!
Your name has 5 characters.
Key Differences:
1. String Handling:
o In C, strings are character arrays, and we need functions
like strlen for operations.
o In C++, strings are objects of the std::string class, which
provides member functions like .length().
2. Ease of Use:
o C++ offers more functionality and is easier to use for
string manipulation compared to C.
C Examples
1. String Input and Output
c
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str); // Input a string
printf("You entered: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a string: Hello
You entered: Hello
2. String Length
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Hello, World!";
printf("Length of the string: %lu\n", strlen(str));
return 0;
}
Output:
Length of the string: 13
3. String Concatenation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100] = "Hello";
char str2[] = ", World!";
strcat(str1, str2); // Concatenate str2 to str1
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);
return 0;
}
Output:
Concatenated string: Hello, World!
4. String Comparison
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[] = "Hello";
char str2[] = "World";
int result = strcmp(str1, str2); // Compare str1 and str2
printf("Comparison result: %d\n", result);
return 0;
}
Output:
Comparison result: -1 (or another negative value indicating
str1 < str2)
5. String Copy
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char src[] = "Copy this";
char dest[50];
strcpy(dest, src); // Copy src into dest
printf("Copied string: %s\n", dest);
return 0;
}
Output:
Copied string: Copy this
C++ Examples
6. String Input and Output
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str;
std::cout << "Enter a string: ";
std::cin >> str; // Input a string
std::cout << "You entered: " << str << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a string: Hello
You entered: Hello
7. String Length
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "Hello, World!";
std::cout << "Length of the string: " << str.length() <<
std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Length of the string: 13
8. String Concatenation
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str1 = "Hello";
std::string str2 = ", World!";
std::string result = str1 + str2; // Concatenate strings
std::cout << "Concatenated string: " << result <<
std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Concatenated string: Hello, World!
9. Substring Extraction
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "Hello, World!";
std::string sub = str.substr(7, 5); // Extract "World"
std::cout << "Substring: " << sub << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Substring: World
10. String Comparison
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str1 = "Hello";
std::string str2 = "World";
if (str1 < str2) {
std::cout << str1 << " is less than " << str2 <<
std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << str1 << " is not less than " << str2 <<
std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Hello is less than World
These examples cover the basics of string manipulation in both C and
C++. Let me know if you need more advanced examples!
C Examples
1. String Reversal
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Programming";
char reversed[50];
int len = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
reversed[i] = str[len - i - 1];
}
reversed[len] = '\0'; // Null-terminate the reversed
string
printf("Original: %s\nReversed: %s\n", str, reversed);
return 0;
}
Output:
Original: Programming
Reversed: gnimmargorP
2. Count Vowels
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Hello, World!";
int vowels = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {
if (str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'i' ||
str[i] == 'o' || str[i] == 'u' ||
str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'E' || str[i] == 'I' ||
str[i] == 'O' || str[i] == 'U') {
vowels++;
}
}
printf("Vowel count: %d\n", vowels);
return 0;
}
Output:
Vowel count: 3
3. Convert to Uppercase
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Hello, World!";
for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}
printf("Uppercase: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}
Output:
Uppercase: HELLO, WORLD!
4. Find a Character in a String
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Programming";
char ch = 'g';
char *pos = strchr(str, ch);
if (pos) {
printf("Character '%c' found at index %ld\n", ch, pos
- str);
} else {
printf("Character '%c' not found\n", ch);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Character 'g' found at index 3
5. Check Palindrome
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "madam";
int len = strlen(str);
int isPalindrome = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
if (str[i] != str[len - i - 1]) {
isPalindrome = 0;
break;
}
}
if (isPalindrome) {
printf("'%s' is a palindrome.\n", str);
} else {
printf("'%s' is not a palindrome.\n", str);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
'madam' is a palindrome.
C++ Examples
6. Replace a Character
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "Hello, World!";
char oldChar = 'o';
char newChar = 'a';
for (char &ch : str) {
if (ch == oldChar) {
ch = newChar;
}
}
std::cout << "Modified string: " << str << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Modified string: Hella, Warld!
7. String Find
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "Programming in C++";
std::string word = "C++";
size_t pos = str.find(word);
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
std::cout << "Found '" << word << "' at position " <<
pos << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "'" << word << "' not found in the
string." << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Found 'C++' at position 16
8. String Append
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "Hello";
str.append(", World!"); // Append a string
std::cout << "Appended string: " << str << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Appended string: Hello, World!
9. String Iteration
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "Iteration";
std::cout << "Characters in the string: ";
for (char ch : str) {
std::cout << ch << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Characters in the string: I t e r a t i o n
10. Convert String to Integer
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "12345";
int number = std::stoi(str); // Convert string to integer
std::cout << "String: " << str << "\nConverted to integer:
" << number << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
String: 12345
Converted to integer: 12345
