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0 views7 pages

Python

Uploaded by

Selva Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here is a step-by-step concept guide for Python programming language, ideal for both

beginners and self-learners who want to build a strong foundation.

✅ Step-by-Step Concept of Python Language

Python is a high-level, interpreted, object-oriented, and versatile programming language


used for web development, data science, automation, AI/ML, scripting, and more.

🔹 Step 1: What is Python?

 Created by Guido van Rossum in 1991.

 Known for simple syntax that mimics human language.

 Free, open-source, and has a huge community.

🔹 Step 2: Installing Python

 Install from the official website: https://python.org

 Use editors like:

o VS Code (recommended)

o Jupyter Notebook (for data science)

o PyCharm

o IDLE (default editor)

🔹 Step 3: Your First Python Program

python

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print("Hello, World!")

 print() is a built-in function to display output.

🔹 Step 4: Basic Syntax

Concept Example

Comments # This is a comment


Concept Example

Variables x = 10

Data Types int, float, str, bool, list, etc.

Indentation Used instead of {} or begin-end

🔹 Step 5: Variables and Data Types

Data Type Example

Integer x=5

Float pi = 3.14

String name = "Alice"

Boolean is_active = True

List colors = ['red', 'green']

Tuple point = (10, 20)

Dictionary student = {'name': 'John', 'age': 20}

🔹 Step 6: Control Flow (Conditions & Loops)

1. If...Else

python

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if age > 18:

print("Adult")

else:

print("Minor")

2. For Loop

python

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for i in range(5):

print(i)

3. While Loop

python

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while x < 10:

x += 1

🔹 Step 7: Functions

python

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def greet(name):

return f"Hello, {name}!"

 Use def keyword to define a function.

 Functions can take parameters and return values.

🔹 Step 8: Exception Handling

python

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try:

result = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Cannot divide by zero")

finally:

print("Done")

 Handles errors during runtime without crashing the program.

🔹 Step 9: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)


python

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class Car:

def __init__(self, brand):

self.brand = brand

def drive(self):

print(f"{self.brand} is moving")

my_car = Car("Toyota")

my_car.drive()

 Core OOP concepts:

o Class

o Object

o Inheritance

o Polymorphism

o Encapsulation

🔹 Step 10: Modules and Packages

 Built-in modules: math, datetime, os

 Create your own module:

python

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# file: mymodule.py

def add(x, y):

return x + y

 Import and use:

python
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import mymodule

print(mymodule.add(2, 3))

🔹 Step 11: File Handling

python

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with open("sample.txt", "r") as f:

data = f.read()

 Modes: 'r' (read), 'w' (write), 'a' (append)

🔹 Step 12: Python Libraries & Frameworks

Category Popular Libraries

Data Science pandas, numpy, matplotlib

Web Dev Flask, Django, FastAPI

Machine Learning scikit-learn, TensorFlow

Automation selenium, pyautogui

APIs requests, httpx

🔹 Step 13: Virtual Environment and pip

bash

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# Create virtual env

python -m venv venv

# Activate (Windows)

venv\Scripts\activate
# Install packages

pip install pandas

 Keeps project dependencies isolated.

🔹 Step 14: Useful Tools & Tips

 pip – Python package manager

 venv – Virtual environment

 Type hinting:

python

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def add(x: int, y: int) -> int:

return x + y

 F-strings: f"Hello {name}"

🧭 Suggested Learning Path

1. Learn basics: variables, loops, functions

2. Solve coding problems: HackerRank, LeetCode

3. Build projects:

o Calculator

o Todo App

o Weather API

4. Learn advanced concepts:

o OOP

o File handling

o API consumption

5. Explore domains:

o Web (Flask, Django)

o Data (Pandas, NumPy)


o Automation (Selenium)

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