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Detailed Python Basics Guide

This document is a detailed guide to Python basics, covering topics such as variables, data types, operators, control flow, loops, functions, data structures, string operations, input/output, file handling, exception handling, modules, classes, and lambda functions. Each section includes examples and exercises to reinforce learning. The guide emphasizes practical application and encourages users to practice with their own examples.

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iamutkarshsingh.2007
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3 views6 pages

Detailed Python Basics Guide

This document is a detailed guide to Python basics, covering topics such as variables, data types, operators, control flow, loops, functions, data structures, string operations, input/output, file handling, exception handling, modules, classes, and lambda functions. Each section includes examples and exercises to reinforce learning. The guide emphasizes practical application and encourages users to practice with their own examples.

Uploaded by

iamutkarshsingh.2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Basics - Detailed Guide with Examples and Exercises

1. Introduction to Python

- Python is easy to learn and widely used in web development, AI, ML, data science, etc.

- It is interpreted, meaning you don't need to compile your code.

2. Variables and Data Types

- Example:

name = "Alice"

age = 25

height = 5.4

is_student = True

Exercise: Create variables for your name, age, and whether you're a student.

3. Operators

- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %, **

- Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

- Logical: and, or, not

Example:

x = 10

y=5

print(x > y and y < 10) # True

Exercise: Try all arithmetic operators with x = 10 and y = 3


4. Control Flow (if, elif, else)

Example:

score = 75

if score >= 90:

print("A")

elif score >= 70:

print("B")

else:

print("C")

Exercise: Write a program to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.

5. Loops

- for loop:

for i in range(5):

print(i)

- while loop:

i=0

while i < 5:

print(i)

i += 1

Exercise: Print all even numbers from 1 to 20 using a for loop.

6. Functions
Example:

def greet(name):

return "Hello " + name

print(greet("Alice"))

Exercise: Write a function to return the square of a number.

7. Data Structures

- List: nums = [1, 2, 3]

- Tuple: t = (1, 2)

- Dictionary: person = {"name": "Bob", "age": 30}

- Set: s = {1, 2, 3}

Exercise: Create a dictionary for a student with name, age, and subjects.

8. String Operations

Example:

msg = " hello "

print(msg.upper(), msg.strip())

Exercise: Take input from user and reverse the string.

9. Input and Output

Example:

name = input("Enter your name: ")


print("Hello", name)

10. File Handling

Example:

with open("file.txt", "w") as f:

f.write("Hello")

with open("file.txt", "r") as f:

print(f.read())

Exercise: Write a program to store user input into a file.

11. Exception Handling

Example:

try:

x = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Cannot divide by zero")

Exercise: Handle input errors using try-except

12. Modules and Packages

Example:

import math

print(math.sqrt(16))
Exercise: Use datetime module to print current date and time.

13. Classes and Objects

Example:

class Person:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def greet(self):

print("Hi", self.name)

p = Person("Alice")

p.greet()

Exercise: Create a class for a Book with title and author.

14. Lambda and Built-in Functions

Example:

square = lambda x: x * x

print(square(5))

nums = [1, 2, 3]

print(list(map(lambda x: x*2, nums)))

Exercise: Use filter to select even numbers from a list.

15. Comments
- Single line: # This is a comment

- Multi-line: '''This is a multi-line comment'''

Practice all sections with your own examples!

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