Lecture 2
Lecture-2
Basic structure of a C program:
1. Including header files
2. Macro definition
3. Global declaration
4. Main declaration
{
local declaration
statement sequence
other function call
}
5. User defined function
Statements are parts of your program that actually performs operation. Statements are
contained within functions.
All C statements end with a semicolon. C does not recognize the end of the line as a
terminator. This means there are no constraints on the position of statements within a
line. Also you may place two or more statements on one line.
The standard library contains functions to perform I/O, string manipulation, mathematics
and much more.
So, we can start our first C program that will print “This is our first C program” to the
standard output device.
#include<stdio.h>
void main(void)
{
printf(“This is our first C program”);
}
1. include is a pre processor directive that tells the compiler to include library
functions contained in stdio.h file with your program.
2. main function
3. { beginning of main function
4. library function printf, that prints string within “ “
5. } end of a function.
1/2 Dept of CSE, AUST
CSE 1101 Lecture 2
Character that can be used in C:
1. Alphabets: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
2. Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
3. Special symbols: ~ ` ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ - + = | \ { } [ ] ; : “ ‘ < > , . ?
4. White Space: blank, new line, tab
Tokens are the smallest elements of a program, which are meaningful to the compiler.
Tokens in C language are the smallest possible unit of a program, that conveys a specific
meaning to the compiler. It is the building blocks of a programming language
5 types of tokens in C: keywords, identifiers, constants, operators & punctuators.
Keywords: Keywords are specially reserved words that have strict
meaning as individuals token in C.
ANSI standard: 32 keywords.
auto break case char const
continue default do double else
enum extern float far for
goto if int long near
register return short signed static
struct switch typedef union unsigned
void while.
Additional keywords like asm etc. are in turbo C.
Identifiers: Identifiers are user defined name of objects in a program. An identifier is
composed of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores ( _ ). An identifier must begin
with a letter or underscore. Ex: sb_int, cse_aust, s_99, _x11.
Constants: C constants can be divided into 2 major categories.
1. Primary constants.
a. Integer constants: 123, +234, -876 etc.
b. Real constants: 23.4, -45.6, 0.56, 4.2e7, 9.3e-4, -8.1e4, -2e-4 etc.
c. Character constants: ‘A’, ‘b’, ‘x’, ‘S’, ‘&’ etc.
* Every keyboard key is a character constant.
2. Secondary constants.
a. Array
b. Pointer
c. Structure
d. Union
e. Enum
2/2 Dept of CSE, AUST
