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query processing and decomposition

Query Processing in Distributed Database Systems involves interpreting, optimizing, and executing SQL queries across multiple locations. The primary goals are to ensure correctness, efficiency, and optimization of execution plans. The process includes stages such as Query Decomposition, which breaks down queries into simpler components for effective distributed execution.

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62 views2 pages

query processing and decomposition

Query Processing in Distributed Database Systems involves interpreting, optimizing, and executing SQL queries across multiple locations. The primary goals are to ensure correctness, efficiency, and optimization of execution plans. The process includes stages such as Query Decomposition, which breaks down queries into simpler components for effective distributed execution.

Uploaded by

tech4fresherss
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Query Processing in Distributed Database Systems?

Query Processing refers to the steps the system takes to interpret, optimize, and execute a user’s
SQL query in a distributed database environment.
In a Distributed Database System, data is stored across multiple sites or locations. So, processing
a query is more complex than in a centralized system.

🎯 Goals of Query Processing in DDBS:


• Correctness: The query should return the same result as in a centralized system.
• Efficiency: Reduce data transfer, response time, and resource usage.
• Optimization: Choose the best possible execution plan using cost estimation.

🔄 Stages of Query Processing in DDBS


1. Query Decomposition
2. Data Localization
3. Global Optimization
4. Local Optimization and Execution
Let’s now understand the first one — Query Decomposition — in detail.

🧩 What is Query Decomposition?


Query Decomposition is the first phase of query processing. It breaks down a high-level SQL
query into simpler and more manageable components, preparing it for distributed execution.

✅ Steps in Query Decomposition:


1. Parsing and Translation
• SQL query is parsed and translated into an internal representation, like relational
algebra.
2. Normalization
• Complex expressions are simplified.
• Example: WHERE A AND (B OR C) becomes a form that is easier to optimize.

3. Semantic Analysis
• Checks if tables, attributes, and operations in the query are valid.
• Confirms data types, permissions, and schema correctness.
4. Simplification
• Applies algebraic rules to simplify the query.
• Example: Eliminate redundant joins or filters.
5. Fragmentation Awareness
• If the database is fragmented (horizontally/vertically), the query is rewritten
accordingly.

Example Scenario:
Suppose we have:
sql
Copy code
SELECT name FROM Students WHERE city = 'Dehradun';

In a distributed setup:
• Student table is horizontally fragmented by city across multiple sites (Delhi, Dehradun,
etc.).
• The query will be decomposed to access only the fragment stored at the Dehradun site.
• This reduces unnecessary data transfer.

🔑 Key Points:
Aspect Description
Why decompose? To optimize and prepare the query for execution over multiple sites.
What is the A set of subqueries or operations that are optimized for the distributed
outcome? environment.
Yes! Without decomposition, the system might do unnecessary work and
Is this necessary?
increase network load.

🧠 Summary
Term Meaning
Converting a SQL query into an efficient execution strategy across multiple
Query Processing
distributed sites.
Query The first step in processing — breaking a query into understandable and
Decomposition optimizable pieces.

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