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Python lab manual

Introduction to python programming (Visvesvaraya Technological University)

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PYTHON LAB MANUAL

Introduction to Python Programming Lab

(BPLCK105B/205B)

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Contents

Setting up the Python Environment

1 Question 1
1.1 Student Details
1.2 Senior Citizen Check

2 Question 2
2.1 Fibonacci Sequence
2.2 Binomial Coefficient

3 Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation

4 Digit Frequency

5 Word Frequency

6 Sort File Contents

7 Backup Directory into Zip

8 Assertions and Exceptions Demo

9 Complex Class Demo

10 Student Class Demo

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Setting up Python Programming

Environment

Introduction
This tutorial will help you in setting up a Python 3 programming environment on Ubuntu 22.04.
(Should also work on previous release Ubuntu 20.04 as well). If you do not have Ubuntu 22.04
installed on your machine, you can follow the detailed description of installing Ubuntu 22.04
Desktop in the following link below. https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-desktop#1-
overview
Majority of GNU/Linux distribution including Ubuntu 22.04 and other versions of Debian
Linux ship with Python 3 pre-installed. You can check whether Python is installed or not by
issuing the following command in the terminal. To launch the terminal press Ctrl+Alt+t

1 $ python3 -V
You’ll receive output in the terminal window that will let you know the version number. While
this number may vary, the output will be similar to this:

Anaconda Distribution

Anaconda Distribution equips individuals to easily search and install thousands of Python/R
packages and access a vast library of community content and support. Especially with Python
being very popular and defacto platform for Data Science. Also it provides good graphical
IDEs like Spyder and Jupyter Notebook.

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Download Anaconda Distribution

If you want to install Anaconda Distribution on your system, you can download it from its official
webpage.
https://www.anaconda.com/products/distribution
It is available for Linux, Mac, Windows platforms. Download the suitable version based on your
operating system.

Install Anaconda Distribution

Headover to the folder where it is was downloaded. Open a terminal and navigate to the folder. Run
the 3 commands as shown in the diagram below.

The installer proceeds to setup the Anaconda distribution. Choose to perform the default action
yes whenever prompted.

Launch Anaconda Distribution

Once installed open a terminal and run the following command to launch Anaconda Navigator.

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Here in Anaconda Navigator choose Spyder IDE. Click on the launch button below it to start the IDE.

Spyder IDE
Type a Python program and save it with .py extension. A sample program is shown below.

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Then click on Run button (green triangle button) to execute the program. If the program has
any errors they are shown on console on the bottom right section. Otherwise the program starts
executing and output is shown in the console sub window. A sample is shown below.

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Question 1
1.1 Student Details
Question
Develop a program to read the student details like Name, USN, and Marks in three
subjects. Display the student details, total marks and percentage with suitable
messages.

Python Code
stName = input("Enter the name of the student : ")
stUSN = input("Enter the USN of the student : ")
stMarks1 = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 1 : "))
stMarks2 = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 2 : "))
stMarks3 = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 3 : "))
print("Student Details\n=========================")
print("%12s"%("Name :"), stName)
print("%12s"%("USN :"), stUSN)
print("%12s"%("Marks 1 :"), stMarks1)
print("%12s"%("Marks 2 :"), stMarks2)
print("%12s"%("Marks 3 :"), stMarks3)
print("%12s"%("Total :"), stMarks1+stMarks2+stMarks3)
print("%12s"%("Percent :"), "%.2f"%((stMarks1+stMarks2+stMarks3)/3))
print("=========================")

Output
=================================
Enter the name of the student : RAMESH
Enter the USN of the student : 1SI22CS036
Enter marks in Subject 1 : 87
Enter marks in Subject 2 : 78
Enter marks in Subject 3 : 65
Student Details
=========================
Name : RAMESH
USN : 1SI22CS036
Marks 1 : 87
Marks 2 : 78
Marks 3 : 65
Total : 230
Percent : 76.67
=========================

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1.2 Senior Citizen Check

Question
Develop a program to read the name and year of birth of a person. Display whether
the person is a senior citizen or not.

Python Code

from datetime import date

perName = input("Enter the name of the person : ")
perDOB = int(input("Enter his year of birth : "))
curYear = date.today().year
perAge = curYear - perDOB
if (perAge > 60):
print(perName, "aged", perAge, "years is a Senior Citizen.")
else:
print(perName, "aged", perAge, "years is not a Senior Citizen.")

Output
=================================

Enter the name of the person : Akbar Khan

Enter his year of birth : 1978
Akbar Khan aged 44 years is not a Senior Citizen.

Enter the name of the person : George Best

Enter his year of birth : 1957
George Best aged 65 years is a Senior Citizen.

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Question 2
2.1 Fibonacci Sequence
Question
Develop a program to generate Fibonacci sequence of length (N). Read N from the console.
Python Code
num = int(input("Enter the Fibonacci sequence length to be generated : "))
firstTerm = 0
secondTerm = 1
print("The Fibonacci series with", num, "terms is :")
print(firstTerm, secondTerm, end=" ")
for i in range(2,num):
curTerm = firstTerm + secondTerm
print(curTerm, end=" ")
firstTerm = secondTerm
secondTerm = curTerm
print()

Output

Enter the Fibonacci sequence length to be generated : 8

The Fibonacci series with 8 terms is :
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13

Enter the Fibonacci sequence length to be generated : 5

The Fibonacci series with 5 terms is :
01123

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2.2 Binomial Coefficient

Question
Write a function to calculate factorial of a number. Develop a program to compute
binomial co- efficient (Given N and R).

Python Code

def fact(num):
if num == 0:
return 1
else:
return num * fact(num-1)
n = int(input("Enter the value of N : "))
r = int(input("Enter the value of R (R cannot be negative or greater than N): "))
nCr = fact(n)/(fact(r)*fact(n-r))
print (n, ’C’ ,r," = ","%d"%nCr, sep="")

Output

Enter the value of N : 7

Enter the value of R (R cannot be negative or greater than N): 5
7C5 = 21
Enter the value of N : 5
Enter the value of R (R cannot be negative or greater than N): 5
5C5 = 1
Enter the value of N : 3
Enter the value of R (R cannot be negative or greater than N): 1
3C1 = 3
Enter the value of N : 8
Enter the value of R (R cannot be negative or greater than N): 0
8C0 = 1

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Question 3
Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation
Question
Read N numbers from the console and create a list. Develop a program to print mean,
variance and standard deviation with suitable messages.
Python Code
from math import sqrt
myList = []
num = int(input("Enter the number of elements in your list : "))
for i in range(num):
val = int(input("Enter the element : "))
myList.append(val)
print(’The length of list1 is’, len(myList))
print(’List Contents’, myList)
total = 0
for elem in myList:
total += elem
mean = total / num
total = 0
for elem in myList:
total += (elem - mean) * (elem - mean)
variance = total / num
stdDev = sqrt(variance)
print("Mean =", mean)
print("Variance =", variance)
print("Standard Deviation =", "%.2f"%stdDev)

Output
Enter the number of elements in your list : 5
Enter the element : 45
Enter the element : 34
Enter the element : 86
Enter the element : 92
Enter the element : 35
The length of list1 is 5
List Contents [45, 34, 86, 92, 35]
Mean = 58.4
Variance = 642.64
Standard Deviation = 25.35

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Question 4

Digit Frequency

Question
Read a multi-digit number (as chars) from the console. Develop a program to print the
frequency of each digit with suitable message.

Python Code

num = input("Enter a number : ")

print("The number entered is :", num)
uniqDig = set(num)
for elem in uniqDig:
print(elem, "occurs", num.count(elem), "times")

Output
Enter a number : 234939
The number entered is : 234939
4 occurs 1 times
9 occurs 2 times
3 occurs 2 times
2 occurs 1 times

Enter a number : 7843338

The number entered is : 7843338
7 occurs 1 times
4 occurs 1 times
3 occurs 3 times
8 occurs 2 times

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Question 5
Word Frequency

Question
Develop a program to print 10 most frequently appearing words in a text file. [Hint:
Use dictionary with distinct words and their frequency of occurrences. Sort the
dictionary in the reverse order of frequency and display dictionary slice of first 10
items]
Python Code

import sys
import string
import os.path

fname = input("Enter the filename : ") #sample file text.txt also provided
if not os.path.isfile(fname):
print("File", fname, "doesn’t exists")
sys.exit(0)
infile = open(fname, "r")
filecontents = ""
for line in infile:
for ch in line:
if ch not in string.punctuation:
filecontents = filecontents + ch
else:
filecontents = filecontents + ’ ’#replace punctuations and \n withspace
wordFreq = {}
wordList = filecontents.split()
#Calculate word Frequency
for word in wordList:
if word not in wordFreq.keys():
wordFreq[word] = 1
else:
wordFreq[word] += 1
#Sort Dictionary based on values in descending order
sortedWordFreq = sorted(wordFreq.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True )
#Display 10 most frequently appearing words with their count
print("\n===================================================")
print("10 most frequently appearing words with their count")
print("===================================================")
for i in range(10):
print(sortedWordFreq[i][0], "occurs", sortedWordFreq[i][1], "times")

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Output

Enter the filename : text.txt

===================================================
10 most frequently appearing words with their count
===================================================
the occurs 45 times
of occurs 24 times
party occurs 12 times
part occurs 12 times
a occurs 9 times
and occurs 8 times
second occurs 7 times
to occurs 6 times
shall occurs 6 times
first occurs 5 times

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Question 6
Sort File Contents

Question
Develop a program to sort the contents of a text file and write the sorted contents into a
separate text file. [Hint: Use string methods strip(), len(), list methods sort(), append(),
and file methods open(), readlines(), and write()].

Python Code

import os.path
import sys
fname = input("Enter the filename whose contents are to be sorted : ")
#samplefile unsorted.txt also provided
if not os.path.isfile(fname):
print("File", fname, "doesn’t exists")
sys.exit(0)
infile = open(fname, "r")
myList = infile.readlines()
# print(myList)
#Remove trailing \n characters
lineList = []
for line in myList:
lineList.append(line.strip())
lineList.sort()
#Write sorted contents to new file sorted.txt
outfile = open("sorted.txt","w")
for line in lineList:
outfile.write(line + "\n")
infile.close() # Close the input file
outfile.close() # Close the output file
if os.path.isfile("sorted.txt"):
print("\nFile containing sorted content sorted.txt created successfully")
print("sorted.txt contains", len(lineList), "lines")
print("Contents of sorted.txt")
print("========================================================")
rdFile = open("sorted.txt","r")
for line in rdFile:
print(line, end="")

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Output

Enter the filename whose contents are to be sorted : unsorted.txt

File containing sorted content sorted.txt created successfully

sorted.txt contains 15 lines
Contents of sorted.txt
=================================================================
A deep C diva.
All the troubles you have will pass away very quickly.
Beware of a tall black man with one blond shoe.
Don’t read everything you believe.
Exercise caution in your daily affairs.
He changes the domain.
How does a hacker fix a function which doesn’t work for all of the elements in itsdomain?
Lay on, MacDuff, and curs’d be him who first cries, "Hold, enough!".
People are beginning to notice you. Try dressing before you leave the house.
The surest protection against temptation is cowardice.
To be or not to be.
Tuesday is the Wednesday of the rest of your life.
What is the square root of 4bˆ2?
You display the wonderful traits of charm and courtesy.
You may be recognized soon. Hide.

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Question 7

Backup Directory into Zip

Question
Develop a program to backing Up a given Folder (Folder in a current working
directory) into a ZIP File by using relevant modules and suitable methods.

Python Code

import os
import sys
import pathlib
import zipfile

dirName = input("Enter Directory name that you want to backup : ")

if not os.path.isdir(dirName):
print("Directory", dirName, "doesn’t exists")
sys.exit(0)
curDirectory = pathlib.Path(dirName)
with zipfile.ZipFile("myZip.zip", mode="w") as archive:
for file_path in curDirectory.rglob("*"):
archive.write(file_path, arcname=file_path.relative_to(curDirectory))
if os.path.isfile("myZip.zip"):
print("Archive", "myZip.zip", "created successfully")
else:
print("Error in creating zip archive")

Output

Enter Directory name that you want to backup : zipDemo

Archive myZip.zip created successfully

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Question 8

Assertions and Exceptions Demo

Question
Write a function named DivExp which takes TWO parameters a, b and returns a value
c (c=a/b). Write suitable assertion for a greater than 0 in function DivExp and raise an
exception for when b=0. Develop a suitable program which reads two values from the
console and calls a function DivExp.

Python Code

import sys
def DivExp(a,b):
assert a>0, "a should be greater than 0"
try:
c = a/b
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Value of b cannot be zero")
sys.exit(0)
else:
return c
val1 = int(input("Enter a value for a : "))
val2 = int(input("Enter a value for b : "))
val3 = DivExp(val1, val2)
print(val1, "/", val2, "=", val3)

Output

Enter a value for a : 7

Enter a value for b : 6
7 / 6 = 1.1666666666666667

Enter a value for a : 0

Enter a value for b : 5
AssertionError: a should be greater than 0

Enter a value for a : -3

Enter a value for b : 6
AssertionError: a should be greater than 0

Enter a value for a : 6

Enter a value for b : 0
Value of b cannot be zero

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Question 9
Complex Class Demo

Question
Define a function which takes 2 objects representing complex numbers and returns
new complex number with a addition of two complex numbers. Define a suitable class
Complex to represent the complex number. Develop a program to read N (N greater
than 2) complex numbers and to compute the addition of N complex numbers.

Python Code

class Complex:
def init (self, realp = 0, imagp=0):
self.realp = realp
self.imagp = imagp

def setComplex(self, realp, imagp):

self.realp = realp
self.imagp = imagp

def readComplex(self):

self.realp = int(input("Enter the real part : "))

self.imagp = int(input("Enter the real part : "))

def showComplex(self):

print(’(’,self.realp,’)’,’+i’,’(’,self.imagp,’)’,sep="")

def addComplex(self, c2):

c3 = Complex()
c3.realp = self.realp + c2.realp
c3.imagp = self.imagp + c2.imagp
return c3

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def add2Complex(a,b):
c = a.addComplex(b)
return c
def main():
c1 = Complex(3,5)
c2 = Complex(6,4)
print("Complex Number 1")
c1.showComplex()
print("Complex Number 2")
c2.showComplex()
c3 = add2Complex(c1, c2)
print("Sum of two Complex Numbers")
c3.showComplex()

#Addition of N (N >=2) complex numbers

compList = []
num = int(input("\nEnter the value for N : "))
for i in range(num):
print("Object", i+1)
obj = Complex()
obj.readComplex()
compList.append(obj)
print("\nEntered Complex numbers are : ")
for obj in compList:
obj.showComplex()
sumObj = Complex()
for obj in compList:
sumObj = add2Complex(sumObj, obj)
print("\nSum of N complex numbers is", end = " ")
sumObj.showComplex()
main()

Output
Complex Number 1
(3)+i(5)
Complex Number 2
(6)+i(4)
Sum of two Complex Numbers
(9)+i(9)

Enter the value for N : 5

Object 1
Enter the real part : 1
Enter the real part : 9
Object 2
Enter the real part : 2
Enter the real part : 8

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Object 3
Enter the real part : 3
Enter the real part : 7
Object 4
Enter the real part : 4
Enter the real part : 6
Object 5
Enter the real part : 5
Enter the real part : 5

Entered Complex numbers are :

(1)+i(9)
(2)+i(8)
(3)+i(7)
(4)+i(6)
(5)+i(5)

Sum of N complex numbers is (15)+i(35)

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Qu e s t io n 10
Student Class Demo
Question
Develop a program that uses class Student which prompts the user to enter marks in
three sub- jects and calculates total marks, percentage and displays the score card
details. [Hint: Use list to store the marks in three subjects and total marks. Use init
method to initialize name, USN and the lists to store marks and total, Use getMarks()
method to read marks into the list, and display() method to display the score card
details.]

Python Code

class Student:
def init (self, name = "", usn = "", score = [0,0,0,0]):
self.name = name
self.usn = usn
self.score = score

def getMarks(self):
self.name = input("Enter student Name : ")
self.usn = input("Enter student USN : ")
self.score[0] = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 1 : "))
self.score[1] = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 2 : "))
self.score[2] = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 3 : "))
self.score[3] = self.score[0] + self.score[1] + self.score[2]

def display(self):
percentage = self.score[3]/3
spcstr = "=" * 81
print(spcstr)
print("SCORE CARD DETAILS".center(81)
print(spcstr)

print("%15s"%("NAME"), "%12s"%("USN"),
"%8s"%"MARKS1","%8s"%"MARKS2","%8s"%"MARKS3","%8s"%"TOTAL","%12s"%("PERCENTAGE"))
print(spcstr)

print("%15s"%self.name, "%12s"%self.usn,
"%8d"%self.score[0],"%8d"%self.score[1],"%8d"%self.score[2],"%8d"%self.score[3],"%12.2f"%percentage)

print(spcstr)

def main():
s1 = Student()
s1.getMarks()
s1.display()
main()

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Output

Enter student Name : Shivappa

Enter student USN : 1SI22CS065
Enter marks in Subject 1 : 87
Enter marks in Subject 2 : 79
Enter marks in Subject 3 : 92
=================================================================================
SCORE CARD DETAILS
=================================================================================
NAME USN MARKS1 MARKS2 MARKS3 TOTAL PERCENTAGE
=================================================================================
Shivappa 1SI22CS065 87 79 92 258 86.00

=================================================================================

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