UNIT-2
Data Structures In Python
1. String
Program 1 :
name = "Python"
print(name[0]) # Accessing character
print(name[1:4]) # Slicing
print(len(name)) # Length
print(name.upper()) # Uppercase
print(name + " Rocks") # Concatenation
2.List and Tuples
# List
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango"]
fruits.append("orange")
print(fruits)
# Tuple
days = ("Mon", "Tue", "Wed")
print(days[1])
3. student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 21}
student["course"] = "Python"
print(student)
print(student.keys())
1
# Convert lists to dict
keys = ["name", "age"]
values = ["Bob", 22]
data = dict(zip(keys, values))
print(data)
5.Sets
roll_numbers = {101, 102, 103}
roll_numbers.add(104)
print(roll_numbers)
6.Array
from array import array
marks = array('i', [50, 60, 70])
marks.append(80)
print(marks)
# 2D array using numpy
import numpy as np
matrix = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(matrix)
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30/7/25
Creating Strings in Python
# Examples of string creation
str1 = 'Hello'
str2 = "World"
str3 = '''This is
a multiline string'''
print(str1)
print(str2)
print(str3)
Basic String Operations
1) Accessing Characters (Indexing)
name = "Python"
print(name[0]) # P
print(name[2]) # t
2) Slicing Strings
text = "Programming"
print(text[0:4]) # Prog
print(text[4:]) # ramming
3) Concatenation (Joining Strings)
first = "Data"
second = "Science"
result = first + " " + second
print(result) # Data Scienc
4) Repetition
word = "Hi"
print(word * 3) # HiHiHi
3
5) String Length
msg = "Python"
print(len(msg)) # 6
6) greet = "hello world"
print(greet.upper()) # HELLO WORLD
print(greet.capitalize()) # Hello world
print(greet.replace("world", "Python")) # hello Python
print(greet.split()) # ['hello', 'world']
7) Looping Through a String
word = "Code"
for char in word
print(char)
8) Program to Compare Two Strings
str1 = "Apple"
str2 = "apple"
if str1 == str2:
print("Both strings are equal.")
else:
print("Strings are not equal.")
9) Program to Count Vowels in a String
text = "Engineering"
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
count = 0
for ch in text:
if ch in vowels:
count += 1
print("Number of vowels:", count)
4
10) Program to Reverse a String
text = "Python"
reversed_text = text[::-1]
print("Original:", text)
print("Reversed:", reversed_text) # nohtyP
11. Program to Check if a Word Exists in String
sentence = "Learning Python is fun"
if "Python" in sentence:
print("Yes, 'Python' is in the sentence.")
else:
print("No, it's not there.")
12. Program Using String Methods
msg = "hello world"
print("Uppercase:", msg.upper()) # HELLO WORLD
print("Capitalized:", msg.capitalize()) # Hello world
print("Replace 'world' with 'Python':", msg.replace("world", "Python")) #
hello Python
print("Split string:", msg.split()) # ['hello', 'world']
Practice Programs – List and Tuples
5
1. Create a list and print all elements
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango", "orange"]
print("Fruit List:", fruits)
2. Add and remove elements from a list
numbers = [10, 20, 30]
numbers.append(40)
numbers.remove(20)
print("Updated list:", numbers)
3. Find the length of a list
names = ["John", "Alice", "Bob"]
print("Total names:", len(names))
4. Sort a list in ascending and descending order
marks = [55, 78, 90, 67, 45]
marks.sort()
print("Ascending:", marks)
marks.sort(reverse=True)
print("Descending:", marks)
5. Find the maximum, minimum, and sum of list elements
scores = [90, 85, 88, 76]
print("Max:", max(scores))
print("Min:", min(scores))
print("Sum:", sum(scores))
6. Search for an element in a list
colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]
if "green" in colors:
print("Green is present!")
else:
print("Green is not in the list.")
7. Use a for loop to print each element in a list
6
cities = ["Delhi", "Mumbai", "Chennai"]
for city in cities:
print(city)
8. Reverse a list
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
nums.reverse()
print("Reversed List:", nums)
Practice Programs – Tuples
1. Create a tuple and print elements
student = ("Alice", 21, "CSE")
print("Student Info:", student)
2. Access elements using index
animals = ("cat", "dog", "elephant")
print("First animal:", animals[0])
3. Count occurrences of an element in a tuple
nums = (1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 1)
print("Count of 1:", nums.count(1))
4. Convert tuple to list and list to tuple
# Tuple to list
tup = (1, 2, 3)
lst = list(tup)
print("List:", lst)
# List to tuple
lst2 = [4, 5, 6]
tup2 = tuple(lst2)
print("Tuple:", tup2)
5. Iterate through a tuple using a loop
subjects = ("Math", "Physics", "Chemistry")
for sub in subjects:
print(sub)
7
6. Find the length and index of elements in a tuple
alphabets = ("a", "b", "c", "d")
print("Length:", len(alphabets))
print("Index of 'c':", alphabets.index("c"))
