Java String Interview Questions

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Contents

Java String Interview Questions for Freshers

1. How to declare a string in Java?
2. Is String a primitive or derived type in Java?
3. State the difference between String in C and String in Java.
4. Explain String pool in Java.
5. Is String immutable or final in Java? If so, then what are the benefits of Strings
being Immutable?
6. What does the string intern() method do in Java?
7. State the difference between String and StringBuffer.
8. State the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder in Java.
9. In Java, how can two strings be compared?
10. What is the difference between str1 == str2 and str1.equals(str2)?
11. Is it possible to compare Strings using the == operator? If so, what is the risk
involved?
12. What is the use of the substring() method in Java?
13. Can we use a string in the switch case in java?

Java String Interview Questions for Experienced

14. What are the different string methods in Java?
15. Is String thread-safe in Java?
16. Why is a string used as a HashMap key in Java?
17. What is the best way to split a string in Java?
18. Why char array is preferred over a String in storing passwords?

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 Java String Interview Questions

Java String Interview Questions for

Experienced (.....Continued)

19. Explain the string subSequence method.

20. What do you mean by StringJoiner?
21. How can a Java string be converted into a byte array?
22. In Java, how do you convert a string to an integer and vice versa?
23. How can we convert string to StringBuilder?
24. How do you check whether a String is empty in Java?
25. How many objects will be created for the following codes:

String Programming Questions

26. How to print all permutations of string in Java?
27. Write a program to calculate the total number of characters in the String?
28. How to reverse a string in Java?
29. How to convert an Array to String in Java?
30. Is it possible to count the number of times a given character appears in a String?
31. In what way should two strings be compared to determine whether they are
anagrams?
32. How can we remove a specific character from a String?
33. Write a program to check whether the given input string is a palindrome.
34. What will be the output of the below program?
35. What is the output of the below program?

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Let's get Started
Over the past 25 years, Java has been a popular programming language among all
developers because of its user-friendly and flexible nature that can be used for
platforms and web applications development. When it comes to Java interview
questions, interviewers sometimes pay close attention to the Java string. The String
class in Java is among the fundamentals of Java programming and therefore,
knowledge of String is a prerequisite for every Java programmer. Whether it's a Java
desktop application, enterprise application, web application, or mobile application,
every Java application makes use of the String class. It is therefore one of the hottest
and most important topics in Java interviews.
In this article, we have compiled a comprehensive list of insightful Java String
Interview Questions for both Freshers and Experienced that focus on a range of topics
including thread-safety, immutability, string methods in Java, StringBuilder and
StringBuffer, memory consumption, comparing String instances in Java, using String
as the key in HashMap, equals() vs == check for String, etc. These questions will be a
great help to know about the String concept in detail and be prepared to tackle
String-related questions during a Java technical interview.
Before we begin, let's have a quick look at what Java String is all about.

What is String in Java?

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 Java String Interview Questions

Strings, one of the most common objects used in Java programming, are essentially
sequences of characters. As an example, the string "Scaler" contains the following
characters: "S", "c", "a", "l", "e", and "r". You can either create a string by using String
Literal or by using the NEW keyword. Additionally, String supports a variety of
methods to operate on Strings, such as the equals method to compare two Strings,
the replace method to replace String characters, the substring method to get a
substring, the toUpperCase method to convert String to upper case, the split method
to split a long String into multiple Strings, and so on.
Now let's look at the most common asked String Interview questions:
Java String Interview Questions for Freshers
Java String Interview Questions for Experienced
String Programming Questions

Java String Interview Questions for Freshers

1. How to declare a string in Java?
String declaration in Java can be done in two ways:
By string literal: Double quotes are used to create Java String literals.
Example: String str= "Scaler";
By new keyword: Keyword "new" is used to create a Java string.
Example: String str=new String ("Scaler");

2. Is String a primitive or derived type in Java?

Strings are derived data types. Strings are Java objects that represent sequences of
characters. String objects are created using the java.lang.String class. There are many
functions that need to be called upon when processing a string, such as substring(),
indexof(), equals(), toUppercase(), etc, which primitives types do not have.

3. State the difference between String in C and String in Java.

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 Java String Interview Questions

String in C: In C, strings are just arrays of characters, and they are terminated
with a /0, which is why we commonly refer to them as "null-terminated". Strings
in C, like "abc$%", actually consist of 6 characters 'a' 'b' 'c' '$' '%' and '/0', but
these can be easily manipulated.
String in Java: Java treats Strings as objects, not arrays. String objects are
created using the java.lang.String class. String objects in Java are immutable;
you cannot modify their contents. This means whenever we manipulate a String
object, the new String is created rather than the original string being modified.

4. Explain String pool in Java.

String Pool, also known as SCP (String Constant Pool), is a special storage space in
Java heap memory that is used to store unique string objects. Whenever a string
object is created, it first checks whether the String object with the same string value
is already present in the String pool or not, and if it is available, then the reference to
the string object from the string pool is returned. Otherwise, the new string object is
added to the string pool, and the respective reference will be returned.

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 Java String Interview Questions

As shown in the above image, two Strings s1 and s2 are created with the values
"Apple" and "Mango". Therefore, when the third String s3 containing the value
"Apple" is created, instead of creating a new object, the existing object reference will
be returned. Here, s1==s2 is false both strings s1 and s2 refer to different string values
from the string pool i.e. apple and mango. We can see that s1==s3 is true because
both strings s1 and s3 refer to a single string value from a string pool i.e., apple.

5. Is String immutable or final in Java? If so, then what are the

benefits of Strings being Immutable?
Yes, Strings are immutable in Java. Immutable objects mean they can't be changed
or altered once they've been created. However, we can only modify the reference to
the string object. The String is immutable in Java because of many reasons like
security, caching, synchronization and concurrency, and class loading.

6. What does the string intern() method do in Java?

If you apply the intern() method to a few strings, you will ensure that all strings
having the same content share the same memory. As soon as a String object is
invoked with intern(), it first checks if the string value of the String object is already
present in the string pool and if it is available, then the reference to that string from
the string constant pool is returned. If not, a new string object is added to the string
pool, and a reference to it is returned.
Example:

String str1 = new String("Scaler by InterviewBit").intern(); //Line1

String str2 = new String("Scaler by InterviewBitt").intern(); //Line2
System.out.println(str1 == str); //prints true

As you can see, the intern() method is invoked on the String objects. When Line1 is
executed, memory is allocated within the SCP. In line 2, no new string objects are
created in the SCP because str1 and str2 have the same content. As a result, the
reference to the object created in line1 is returned. This means that str1 and str2
both point to the same memory. Therefore, the print statement prints true.

7. State the difference between String and StringBuffer.

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 Java String Interview Questions

String objects in Java are immutable and final, so we can't change their value a er
they are created. Since strings are commonly used in applications, we need to
perform several operations on them such as substring(), equals(), indexof(),
toUppercase(), etc. Each time we manipulate a string, a new String object is created,
and all previous objects will be garbage, placing a strain on the garbage collector.
This is why The Java team developed StringBuffer. A StringBuffer is a mutable object,
meaning it can be changed, but the string is an immutable object, so it cannot be
changed once it has been created.
String
Syntax:

String str1="InterviewBit";
String str2=new String("Scaler");
Scanner str3=new Scanner(System.in);
String str4=str3.nextLine();

Example: Concatenation Example of String. A string class takes longer to perform a

concatenation operation than a string buffer class.

public class Scanner

{
public static void main(String []args)
{
StringBuilder stbu=new StringBuilder();
//Initial object size
System.out.println(stbu.capacity());
String str="Scaler";
System.out.println(str);
String str1 = new String("InterviewBit");
System.out.println(str1);
str1 += " Articles"; //string update
System.out.println(str1);
}
}

Output:

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 Java String Interview Questions

16
Scaler
InterviewBit
InterviewBit Articles

StringBuffer
Syntax:

StringBuffer var = new StringBuffer(str);

Example: Concatenation Example of StringBuffer. String buffer class perform

concatenation operations more quickly than string classes.

public class StringBuffer

{
public static void main(String []args)
{
StringBuilder stbu=new StringBuilder();
//Initial object size
System.out.println(stbu.capacity());
StringBuffer stbr= new StringBuffer("InterviewBit");
System.out.println(stbr);
stbr.append(" Articles"); //string update
System.out.println(stbr);
stbr=new StringBuffer("Scaler");
System.out.println(stbr);
}
}

Output:

16
InterviewBit
InterviewBit Articles
Scaler

8. State the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder

in Java.

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 Java String Interview Questions

StringBuffer and StringBuilder are two Java classes for manipulating strings. These
are mutable objects, i.e., they can be modified, and provide various methods such as
insert(), substring(), delete(), and append(), for String manipulation.
StringBuffer: The StringBuffer class was created by the Java Team when they
realized the need for an editable string object. Nevertheless, StringBuffer has all
methods synchronized, meaning they are thread-safe. Therefore, StringBuffer
allows only one thread to access a method at once, so it is not possible to call
StringBuffer methods from two threads simultaneously, which means it takes
more time to access. The StringBuffer class has synchronized methods, making
it thread-safe, slower, and less efficient than StringBuilder. The StringBuffer
class was introduced in Java 1.0.
Syntax:

StringBuffer var = new StringBuffer(str);

StringBuilder: It was at that point that the Java Team realized that making all
methods of StringBuffer synchronized wasn't the best idea, which led them to
introduce StringBuilder. The StringBuilder class has no synchronized methods.
Unlike StringBuffer, StringBuilder does not offer synchronized methods, which
makes it less thread-safe, faster, and more efficient. StringBuilder was
introduced in Java 1.5 in response to StringBuffer's shortcomings.
Syntax:

StringBuilder var = new StringBuilder(str);

9. In Java, how can two strings be compared?

In Java, there are several ways for comparing two strings. The following are a few of
them:
String Equals Method: In this method, the strings are compared based on the
values within them. If the values of the two strings are the same, it returns true;
otherwise, it returns false. This method is case-sensitive.

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 Java String Interview Questions

Syntax:

str1.equals(str2);

For example:

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= InterviewBit
Output= false

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= Scaler
Output= true

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= scaler
Output= false

String Equals Ignore Case: By using this method, the two strings are compared
without taking into account the case (upper or lower). It returns true if the two
values are the same and not null.

Syntax:

str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2);

For Example:

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= InterviewBit
Output= false

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= Scaler
Output= true

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= scaler
Output= true

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 Java String Interview Questions

Object Equals Method: The method returns true if its arguments are equal,
otherwise, it returns false. Accordingly, if both arguments are null, the result is
true, and if just one argument is null, the result is false.
Syntax:

Object.equals(str1, str2)

For example:

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= InterviewBit
Output= false

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= Scaler
Output= true

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= null
Output= false

Input 1= null
Input 2= null
Output= True

String Compare To Method: This method compares input strings with each
other. Upon comparison, the following value is returned:
1. If (str1>str2), a positive value is returned.
2. If (str1==str2), 0 is returned.
3. If (str1<str2), a negative value is returned.
Syntax:

str1.compareTo(str2)

Example:

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 Java String Interview Questions

Input 1= InterviewBit
Input 2= Scaler
Output= -10

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= Scaler
Output= 0

Input 1= Scaler
Input 2= InterviewBit
Output= 10

10. What is the difference between str1 == str2 and

str1.equals(str2)?
Java offers both the equals() method and the "==" operator for comparing objects.
However, here are some differences between the two:
Essentially, equals() is a method, while == is an operator.
The == operator can be used for comparing references (addresses) and the
.equals() method can be used to compare content. To put it simply, == checks if
the objects point to the same memory location, whereas .equals() compares the
values of the objects.
Example:

public class StringComparison

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str1=new String("Scaler");
String str2=new String("Scaler");
System.out.println(str1 == str2);
System.out.println(str1.equals(str2));
}
}

Output:

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 Java String Interview Questions

false
true

In this example, two different String objects are being created, str1 and str2.
If str1 and str2 are compared using the == operator, then the result will be false,
because both have different addresses in the memory. Both must have the same
address in the memory for the result to be true.
If you use the equals method, the result is true since it's only comparing the
values given to str1 and str2, even though they are different objects.

11. Is it possible to compare Strings using the == operator? If so,

what is the risk involved?
Yes, you can compare strings using the == operator. One can use == operators for
reference comparison (address comparison). The majority of the time, developers
compare strings with the == operator, instead of using the equals() method, resulting
in an error.
Example:

public class StringComparison

{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String str1="Scaler";
String str2="Scaler";
String str3=new String("Scaler");
System.out.println(str1==str2);
//true because both points to same memory allocation

System.out.println(str1==str3);
//false because str3 refers to instance created in heap

System.out.println(str1.equals(str3));
//true because both share same content
//even if both are different string objects
}
}

Output:

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 Java String Interview Questions

true
false
true

12. What is the use of the substring() method in Java?

The substring method is used to return substring from a specified string. This method
takes two parameters i.e., beginIndex (the starting index) and endIndex (the ending
index). In the case of substring(), method startIndex is inclusive and endIndex is
exclusive.
Syntax:

substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)

Or

substring(int beginIndex)

Here,
beginIndex: Index that marks the starting of subsequence and it is inclusive.
endIndex: Index that marks the ending of subsequence and it is exclusive.
Example:

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 Java String Interview Questions

import java.lang.Math;
public class InterviewBit
{
// driver code
public static void main(String args[])
{
String str = "Scaler by InterviewBit";

//prints substring from 7th index

System.out.print("Returns: ");
System.out.println(str.substring(7));
// prints substring from 0-6, exclusive 6th index
System.out.print("Returns: ");
System.out.println(str.substring(0, 6));
// prints the substring from 10-22, exclusive 22th index
System.out.print("Returns: ");
System.out.println(str.substring(10, 22));
}
}

Output:

Returns: by InterviewBit
Returns: Scaler
Returns: InterviewBit

13. Can we use a string in the switch case in java?

Yes, Java allows you to use strings in switch case conditions. Below is a Java program
that shows the use of string in switch case.
Example:

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 Java String Interview Questions

public class StringinSwitchCase

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String fruit = "Apple";
switch(fruit)
{
case "Mango":
System.out.println("Sweet");
break;
case "Apple":
System.out.println("Delicious");
break;
case "Orange":
System.out.println("Luscious");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Not a fruit");
}
}
}

Output:

Delicious

Java String Interview Questions for Experienced

14. What are the different string methods in Java?
There are various string operations in Java that allow us to work with strings. These
methods or operations can be used for string handling in Java as well as string
manipulation in Java. Some of such methods are as follows:

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 Java String Interview Questions

split(): Split/divide the string at the specified regex.

compareTo(): Compares two strings on the basis of the Unicode value of each
string character.
compareToIgnoreCase(): Similar to compareTo, but it also ignores case
differences.
length(): Returns the length of the specified string.
substring(): Returns the substring from the specified string.
equalsIgnoreCase(): Compares two strings ignoring case differences.
contains(): Checks if a string contains a substring.
trim(): Returns the substring a er removing any leading and trailing whitespace
from the specified string.
charAt(): Returns the character at specified index.
toLowerCase(): Converts string characters to lower case.
toUpperCase(): Converts string characters to upper case.
concat(): Concatenates two strings.

15. Is String thread-safe in Java?

Strings are immutable objects, which means they can't be changed or altered once
they've been created. As a result, whenever we manipulate a String object, it creates
a new String rather than modifying the original string object. In Java, every
immutable object is thread-safe, which means String is also thread-safe. As a result,
multiple threads can access a string. For instance, if a thread modifies the value of a
string, instead of modifying the existing one, a new String is created, and therefore,
the original string object that was shared among the threads remains unchanged.

16. Why is a string used as a HashMap key in Java?

Basically, the HashMap object can store key-value pairs. When creating a HashMap
object and storing a key-value pair in that object, you will notice that while storing,
the hash code of the key will be calculated, and its calculated value will be placed as
the resultant hash code of the key. Now, when the key is passed to fetch its value,
then the hash code of the key is calculated again, and if it's equal to the value of the
hash code initially calculated, the initial value placed as the resultant hash code of
the key is retrieved or fetched.

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 Java String Interview Questions

Let's say we utilized a variable as a key to store data and then changed the value of
that variable. In this case, since we have altered the key, the hash code calculated of
the current key will not match the hash code at which its value was originally stored.
This makes retrieval impossible. String values are immutable, so once they've been
created, they can't be changed. As a result, it is recommended to use Strings as
HashMap keys.

17. What is the best way to split a string in Java?

Split() is a Java method for breaking a string based on a Java string delimiter
(specified regex). For example, a space or a comma(,) will usually be used as the Java
string split attribute to break or split the string.
Syntax:

string.split(String regex, int limit)

Here,
regex: String is divided at this specified regex.
limit (optional parameter): Controls or limits the number of resulting
substrings. Split() returns all potential substrings if the limit parameter is not
specified or is 0.
Example:

public class SplitString

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str = "Scaler by InterviewBit";
// split string from space
String[] result = str.split(" ");
for (int i=0; i < result.length; i++)
{
System.out.println(result[i]);
}
}
}

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 Java String Interview Questions

Output:

Scaler
by
InterviewBit

18. Why char array is preferred over a String in storing

passwords?
There are various reasons why a char array rather than a string should be used to
store passwords. The following are a few of them:
Strings are immutable: The content of Strings cannot be modified/overwritten
because any modification will result in the creation of a new String. As a result,
we should always save sensitive data like passwords, Social Security numbers,
and so on in a char[] array rather than a String.
Security: Because String is immutable, storing the password as plain text keeps
it in memory until it is cleaned up by the garbage collector. As string uses SCP
(String Constant Pool) for re-usability of a string, it's possible that it'll remain in
memory for a long time, and anyone with access to the SCP or memory dump
can simply identify or retrieve the password in plain text. That's another reason
why we should use an encrypted password instead of plain text.
Logfile safety: With an array, the data can be erased or wiped up, overwritten
and the password will not be present anywhere in the system. Whereas, when
using plain String, the chances of mistakenly printing the password to monitors,
logs, or other insecure locations are substantially higher.

19. Explain the string subSequence method.

The Java String subSequence() method is a built-in function that returns a
charSequence (a subsequence) from a string.

20. What do you mean by StringJoiner?

StringJoiner is a Java class that allows you to construct or create a sequence of
strings (characters) that are separated by delimiters like a hyphen(-), comma(,), etc.
Optionally, you can also pass suffix and prefix to the char sequence.

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 Java String Interview Questions

Example:

// importing StringJoiner class

import java.util.StringJoiner;
public class ExampleofStringJoiner
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StringJoiner joinStrings = new StringJoiner(",", "[", "]");
// passing comma(,) and square-brackets as delimiter

// Adding values to StringJoiner

joinStrings.add("Scaler");
joinStrings.add("By");
joinStrings.add("InterviewBit");
System.out.println(joinStrings);
}
}

Output:

[Scaler,By,InterviewBit]

21. How can a Java string be converted into a byte array?

The getBytes() method allows you to convert a string to a byte array by encoding or
converting the specified string into a sequence of bytes using the default charset of
the platform. Below is a Java program to convert a Java String to a byte array.
Example:

import java.util.Arrays;
public class StringToByteArray
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str = "Scaler";
byte[] byteArray = str.getBytes();
// print the byte[] elements
System.out.println("String to byte array: " + Arrays.toString(byteArray));
}
}

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 Java String Interview Questions

Output:

String to byte array: [83, 99, 97, 108, 101, 114]

22. In Java, how do you convert a string to an integer and vice

versa?
There is an Integer class in the Java lang package that provides different methods for
converting strings to integers and vice versa. The parseInt() method allows you to
convert a String into an integer and the toString() method allows you to convert an
Integer into a String. Below is a Java program to convert a string to an integer and
vice versa.
Example:

public class StringtoInteger {

public static void main(String args[])
{
String str1 = "1296";
int i= Integer.parseInt(str1);
System.out.println(i);
String str2 = Integer.toString(i);
System.out.println(str2);
}
}

Output:

1296
1296

23. How can we convert string to StringBuilder?

The append() method can be used to convert String to StringBuilder, and the
toString() method can be used to convert StringBuilder to String. Below is a Java
program to convert a string array to one StringBuilder object using the append
method.
Example:

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 Java String Interview Questions

public class StringToStringBuilder {

public static void main(String args[]) {
String strs[] = {"Scaler", "by", "InterviewBit!"};
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(strs[0]);
sb.append(" "+strs[1]);
sb.append(" "+strs[2]);
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
}

Output:

Scaler by InterviewBit!

24. How do you check whether a String is empty in Java?

The Java String class contains a particular method for determining whether or not a
string is empty. The isEmpty() method determines whether or not a string has zero
length. In the case where the length of the string is zero, it returns true, or else it
returns false.
Example:

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 Java String Interview Questions

public class StringEmpty

{
// Function to determine if String is empty
public static boolean isStringEmpty(String str)
{
//Use the isEmpty() method
//to determine if the string is empty.
if (str.isEmpty())
return true;
else
return false;
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
String str1="InterviewBit"; //non-empty string
String str2=""; //empty string
System.out.println("Str1 \"" + str1 + "\" is empty? " + isStringEmpty(str1));
System.out.println("Str2 \"" + str2 + "\" is empty? " + isStringEmpty(str2));
}
}

Output:

Str1 "InterviewBit" is empty? false

Str2 "" is empty? true

25. How many objects will be created for the following codes:
A.

String str1 = "abc"; //Line1

String str2 = new String("abc"); //Line2

B.

String str1 = "abc"; //Line1

String str2 = "abc"; //Line2

C.

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 Java String Interview Questions

String str1 = new String("abc"); //Line1

String str2 = new String("abc"); //Line2

For A: In this case, two objects will be created. We know that whenever a Java
string is created using a new keyword, then two objects will be created i.e. one in
the Heap Area and another one in the String constant pool. When the line1 is
executed, the new string object str1 gets created and stored in the string
constant pool. However, when line2 is executed, only one object is created using
a new operator that gets stored in the heap memory (str2). This is because
String constant pool already has a String object with the same string value (abc),
and therefore, the reference of the string str1 from the string constant pool is
returned.
For B: In this case, one object will be created. Here, for line1 (str1), one new
object will get created in String constant pool, whereas for line 2, string str2 will
create a reference to the String str1 because the string constant pool already has
a String object str1 with the same string value (abc).
For C: In this case, three objects will be created. In the case of line1 (str1), two
objects are created, one in the string constant pool and one in the heap
memory. As for line 2 (str2), one new object is created and stored in heap
memory, but not in the string constant pool because a String constant pool
object str1 already has the string object str1 with the same string value (abc).

String Programming Questions

26. How to print all permutations of string in Java?
The term "permutation of the string" refers to all of the conceivable new strings that
can be created by swapping the positions of the given string's characters. For
example, the string CAT has a total of 6 permutations i.e., [CAT, CTA, ACT, ATC, TCA,
TAC]. Below is a Java program to print all permutations of a given string.

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 Java String Interview Questions

public class InterviewBit {

// Function to display all permutations of the string str

static void printallPermutns(String str, String str2)
{
// check if string is empty or null
if (str.length() == 0)
{
System.out.print(str2 + " ");
return;
}

for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)

{
// ith character of str
char ch = str.charAt(i);
// Rest of the string after excluding
// the ith character
String str3 = str.substring(0, i) + str.substring(i + 1);
// Recursive call
printallPermutns(str3, str2 + ch);
}
}
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s = "cat";
printallPermutns(s, "");
}
}

Output:

cat cta act atc tca tac

27. Write a program to calculate the total number of characters

in the String?
To find the total count of characters in a specified string, we can use the for loop,
while loop, or do while loop. Below is a Java program to calculate the total number
of characters in a string using for loop.

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 Java String Interview Questions

public class TotatCharacters

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str = "Scaler by InterviewBit";
int count = 0;
System.out.println("Input String: "+str);

//Count total characters in the given string except space

for(int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)
{
if(str.charAt(i) != ' ')
count++;
}

//Display total number of characters in the given string

System.out.println("The total number of characters in the given string: " + coun
}
}

Output:

Input String: Scaler by InterviewBit

The total number of characters in the given string: 20

28. How to reverse a string in Java?

There are different ways to reverse a string in Java-like using CharAt() method,
StringBuilder/StringBuffer Class, Reverse Iteration, etc. The reverse() method is
available in both the StringBuilder and StringBuffer classes and is commonly used to
reverse a string. The reverse () method simply reverses the order of the characters.
Below is a Java program to reverse a string using the StringBuilder class.

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 Java String Interview Questions

public class ReverseString

{
// function to reverse a string using StringBuilder
public static String revstr(String str)
{
return new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str= "Scaler by InterviewBit";
str= revstr(str);
System.out.println("Result after reversing a string is: "+ str);
}
}

Output:

Result after reversing a string is: tiBweivretnI yb relacS

29. How to convert an Array to String in Java?

An array can be converted to a string in four different ways such as Arrays.toString()
method, String.Join() method, StringBuilder.append() method, and
Collectors.joining() method. Here, we will see an example of the Array.toString()
method. Arrays.toString() returns a string representation of the array contents. The
string represents the array's elements as a list, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). The
characters ", " (a comma) followed by a space are used to separate adjacent
elements. It returns “null” if the array is null.

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 Java String Interview Questions

import java.util.Arrays;
public class ArrayToString
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String[] strArray = { "Scaler", "by", "InterviewBit"};
String str1 = ConvertArraytoString(strArray);
System.out.println("An array converted to a string: " + str1);
}
// Using the Arrays.toString() method
public static String ConvertArraytoString(String[] strArray)
{
return Arrays.toString(strArray);
}
}

Output:

An array converted to a string: [Scaler, by, InterviewBit]

30. Is it possible to count the number of times a given character

appears in a String?
The charAt() method of the String class can be used to find out the number of times a
specified character appears in a string. Below is a Java program to check the
occurrences of a specified character in a string.

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 Java String Interview Questions

public class CkeckforOccurences

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str= "InterviewBit";
char ch = 'e'; //character to look for occurrences is e
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)
{
if (str.charAt(i) == ch)
{
count++;
}
}
System.out.println("The character '" + ch + "' appears " + count + " times in the
}
}

Output:

The character 'e' appears 2 times in the given string 'InterviewBit'.

As you can see, the above program checks how many times the character ch occurs in
the string str. Whenever we encounter the character ch in the string, we increase the
count by one. Finally, we print the total character count at the end.

31. In what way should two strings be compared to determine

whether they are anagrams?
If two strings contain the same characters but in a different order, they can be said to
be anagrams. Consider dusty and study. In this case, dusty's characters can be formed
into a study, or study's characters can be formed into dusty. Below is a java program
to check if two strings are anagrams or not.

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 Java String Interview Questions

import java.util.Arrays;
public class CheckAngagram
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str1 = "Bored";
String str2 = "Robed";

//Convert strings to lowercase

str1 = str1.toLowerCase();
str2 = str2.toLowerCase();
// Check to see if the lengths are the same
if(str1.length() == str2.length())
{
// convert strings into char array
char[] str1charArray = str1.toCharArray();
char[] str2charArray = str2.toCharArray();
// sort the char array
Arrays.sort(str1charArray);
Arrays.sort(str2charArray);
// if the sorted char arrays are same or identical
// then the strings are anagram
boolean result = Arrays.equals(str1charArray, str2charArray);
if(result)
{
System.out.println(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are anagrams of each other
}
else {
System.out.println(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are not anagrams of each o
}
}
else {
System.out.println(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are not anagrams of each other.
}
}
}

Output:

bored and robed are anagrams of each other.

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 Java String Interview Questions

In the above program, there are two strings i.e., str1 and str2. Here, we are comparing
str1 and str2 to determine if they are anagrams. The strings are first converted to
lowercase since Java is case-sensitive and B and b are two different characters in
Java. Here,
str1.toCharArray(): Convert or transform the string into a char array.
Arrays.sort(): It sorts the char arrays.
Arrays.equals(): Checks or verifies if sorted char arrays are equal.
In the case where sorted arrays are equal, the strings are anagrams.

32. How can we remove a specific character from a String?

There are several ways to remove a character from a string, such as removing the
character at the beginning of the string, the end of the string, or at a specific position.
It is possible to remove a specific character from a string using the replace() method.
You can also use remove() with different variations like replaceFirst(), replaceAll(),
etc. Below is a Java program that uses replace(), replaceFirst(), and replaceAll()
methods to remove characters from a String.

public class RemoveCharacter

{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String str = "Scaler by InterviewBit";

//remove the specified character.

System.out.println("String after removing 'e' = "+str.replace("e", ""));
//remove the first occurrence of the specified character.
System.out.println("String after removing First 'e' = "+str.replaceFirst("e", ""))

//remove all occurrences of the specified character.

System.out.println("String after replacing all small letters = "+str.replaceAll("([A-
}
}

Output:

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 Java String Interview Questions

String after removing 'e' = Scalr by IntrviwBit

String after removing First 'e' = Scalr by InterviewBit
String after replacing all small letters = caler by nterviewit

33. Write a program to check whether the given input string is a

palindrome.
When a string is the same when read right to le or le to right, it is called a
palindrome. To assess whether a string is a palindrome or not, we first reverse the
string and then compare the reversed string with the original one. Below is a Java
program that will check if a string is a palindrome.

public class PalindromeChecker

{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
String str1 = "rotator";
String revstr = reverseString(str1); //revstr=reverse string
if (str1.equals(revstr))
{
System.out.println("The string" + str1 + " is a Palindrome String.");
}
else
{
System.out.println("The string" + str1 + " is not a Palindrome String.");
}
}
// a method for reversing a string
public static String reverseString(String str2)
{
String revstr = "";
for (int i = str2.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
revstr += str2.charAt(i);
}
return revstr;
}
}

Output:

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 Java String Interview Questions

The string rotator is a Palindrome String.

As shown in the above example, we have a string "Rotator" stored in string object
"str1" and another string object "revstr" to store the reverse of str1. To check
whether two strings are equal or not, we have used the equals() method.

34. What will be the output of the below program?

String str1 = "scaler"; //Line1

String str2 = new String("scaler"); //Line2
str2.intern(); //Line 3
System.out.println(str1 == str2);

The output of the above program is false. We know that when the intern() method is
executed or invoked on a string object, then it checks whether the String pool
already has a same string value (scaler) or not, and if it is available, then the reference
to the that string from the string constant pool is returned. In the above example, the
intern method is invoked on str2. However, since we didn't assign it back to str2, str2
remains unchanged and therefore, both str1 and str2 have different references. If we
change the code in line 3 to str2 = str2.intern(), then the output will be true.

35. What is the output of the below program?

public class StringTest

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str1 = new String("interviewbit");
String str2 = new String("INTERVIEWBIT");
System.out.println(str1 = str2);
}
}

This program prints "INTERVIEWBIT" since str2 String is assigned to str1 String. The
comparison operator “==” should not be confused with the assignment operator “=”.

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 Java String Interview Questions

Conclusion

Here's everything you need to know about Java String interview questions and
answers. To summarize, there are many specifics related to String that every Java
programmer needs to be familiar with and these String questions will not just help
you prepare better for Java interviews, but will also open a new door to learning
more about String.
The more familiar you are with these frequently asked interview questions, the
greater your chances of getting hired.
Hopefully, we were able to answer any questions or concerns you had. Wishing you
luck in your future endeavours.

Recommended Interview Preparation Resources

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InterviewBit Blog
DSA

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