Python (2 Months Bootcamp)
For Data Science
Session 9
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Recap
Data Structures
✓ List
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What is a Tuple
A tuple is like a list, but you can't change it.
It's immutable.
Feature List Tuple
Syntax [] ()
Mutable Yes No
Performance Slower Faster
Fixed/constant
Use case Changing data
data
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List (mutable) Tuple (immutable)
fruits_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] fruits_tuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print("Original List:", fruits_list) print("Original Tuple:", fruits_tuple)
# Let's change the second item # Let's try to change the second item
fruits_list[1] = "mango" fruits_tuple[1] = "mango" # This will cause an error
print("Updated List:", fruits_list)
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What is a Set?
A set is a collection of unique and unordered items.
Syntax
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1}
print(my_set) # Output: {1, 2, 3}
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Set Methods (for working with one set)
Method Description Example
add(item) Adds an item my_set.add(5)
Removes item (error if not
remove(item) my_set.remove(2)
found)
Removes item (no error if
discard(item) my_set.discard(100)
not found)
pop() Removes a random item my_set.pop()
clear() Empties the entire set my_set.clear()
len(set) Returns number of elements len(my_set)
Example
my_set = {10, 20, 30}
my_set.add(40)
// {20, 30, 40}
my_set.remove(10)
print(my_set)
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Set Operations (between two sets)
Union (| or union) Difference (- or difference)
Combines two sets (removes duplicates). Items in A but not in B.
A = {1, 2, 3} print(A - B) # OR // {1, 2}
B = {3, 4, 5} print(A.difference(B))
print(A | B) # OR // {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print(A.union(B))
Symmetric Difference (^ or
symmetric_difference)
Intersection (& or intersection)
Common elements in both sets. Items in A or B, but not both.
print(A & B) # OR // {3}
print(A ^ B) # OR
print(A.intersection(B))
print(A.symmetric_difference(B))
// {1, 2, 4, 5}
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Dictionaries in Python
A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs. Keys are like
labels; values are the data
Syntax
student = {
"name": "Areeba",
"age": 21,
"course": "Python Bootcamp"
}
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Dictionary Methods
Method What It Does
Returns the value safely (or
get(key)
None)
keys() Returns all keys
values() Returns all values
items() Returns list of (key, value) pairs
Updates dictionary with another
update(dict2)
one
pop(key) Removes a key
clear() Removes all items
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Data Structure Use Case Real-World Example
Ordered, changeable
List Shopping cart, to-do list
data
Ordered, unchangeable Days of the week, menu
Tuple
data options
Unordered, unique Unique email signups,
Set
values banned users
Key-value structured Student info, product
Dictionary
data details, user profiles
