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Unit I - Programming Language (Part 1)

The document provides an overview of programming languages, defining them as tools for communication between programmers and computers. It outlines key features such as syntax, data types, and control structures, and categorizes programming languages into low-level, middle-level, and high-level types, each with distinct characteristics and examples. Low-level languages are close to hardware, middle-level languages serve as a bridge, and high-level languages are more abstract and user-friendly.

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12 views6 pages

Unit I - Programming Language (Part 1)

The document provides an overview of programming languages, defining them as tools for communication between programmers and computers. It outlines key features such as syntax, data types, and control structures, and categorizes programming languages into low-level, middle-level, and high-level types, each with distinct characteristics and examples. Low-level languages are close to hardware, middle-level languages serve as a bridge, and high-level languages are more abstract and user-friendly.

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afrojahmad78950
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT -I

Programming Language
In general, the word Language refers to the mode of
communication used amongst a group of individuals or
entities to exchange ideas, give commands etc.Similarly
in the world of Programming, the language that software
programmers, software engineers, coders, developers, etc.
use to communicate with a computer or software is
referred to as a Programming Language.
Definition of programming language
It is a tool, programmers use to communicate with and
control the behavior of a machine, more often a computer.
There are thousands of programming languages in use
today with many new and upcoming features.
Features of a Programming Languages

Syntax: The specific guidelines and arrangement that


computer languages employ to produce code.
Data Types: the several types of values that may be kept
in a program, including strings, integers, etc.
Variables: Named memory locations that can store
values.
Control Structures: loops and conditional statements are
examples of statements that regulate how a program
executes.
Functions/Methods: Blocks of code that can be called
from other parts of a program to perform specific tasks.
Abstraction: The ability to hide complex details and
provide a simplified interface for users.
Memory Management: The process of allocating and
deallocating memory for variables and data structures.
Parsing: The process of analyzing code to determine its
structure and meaning.
Markup and Control Language: The ability to add
comments and other annotations to code to make it more
readable and maintainable.
Types of Programming Language
1. Low-level languages
Low-level programming languages are languages that
provide little to no abstraction between the language itself
and the processor's instructions. In other words, these
low-level languages closely resemble the machine code
and are hence referred to as 'close to hardware'. The
advantage here is that the processors can run low-level
programs directly, without the need for an interpreter or
compiler. This is why programs written in low-level
programming languages are extremely fast to run.
Examples of low-level programming languages are-
Binary code, Machine language, and Assembly language.
2. Middle-level language (MLL)
As the name suggests, a mid-level language refers to all
the languages that lie between high and low-level
programming languages. An MLL acts as a bridge
between raw hardware and programs by interacting with
the abstraction layer. This is why they are often referred
to as pseudo or intermediate-level programming
languages.
Examples of mid-level languages are- C and C++.
3. High-level languages (HLL)
The high-level programming languages allow for the
greatest amount of abstraction between machine code and
the language itself. So much so, that they appear close to
human languages rather than machine languages. For
computers to then understand and execute the commands
we use compilers that first convert the HLL into computer
languages. The primary benefit of high-level
programming languages is that it's simple to learn and
write in, as well as maintain.
Examples of high-level programming languages
are Python, Java, JavaScript, Pascal, PHP, Swift, etc.

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