JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers

JavaScript (JS) is the most popular lightweight, scripting, and interpreted

programming language. JavaScript is well-known as a scripting language for web
pages, mobile apps, web servers, and many other platforms. It is essential for
both front-end and back-end developers to have a strong command of
JavaScript, as many job roles require fluency in this language.
Below, we have compiled the Top 60+ JavaScript Interview Questions and
Answers designed for both freshers and experienced developers. Here, we will
cover everything, including Core JavaScript Concepts, ES6+ features, DOM
manipulation, asynchronous JavaScript, error handling, JavaScript frameworks and
libraries, and more, that will surely help you crack your next JavaScript interview.
Note: Before proceeding to learn JavaScript interview questions and answers,
if you are completely new to the language, we recommend building a solid
foundation first by exploring our free JavaScript Tutorial
Table of Content
 JavaScript Interview Questions for Freshers
 JavaScript Intermediate Interview Questions
 JavaScript Interview Questions for Experienced
 JavaScript Quiz
JavaScript Interview Questions for Freshers
Let’s discuss some common questions that you should prepare for the interviews.
These questions will be helpful in clearing the interviews specially for the frontend
development role.
1. What are the differences between Java and JavaScript?
Java is an object Oriented Programming language while JavaScript is a client-side
scripting language. Both of them are totally different from each other.
 Java: It is one of the most popular programming languages. It is an object-
oriented programming language and has a virtual machine platform that
allows you to create compiled programs that run on nearly every platform.
Java promised, “Write Once, Run Anywhere”.
 JavaScript: It is a light-weighted programming language (“scripting
language”) for developing interactive web pages. It can insert dynamic text
into the HTML elements. JavaScript is also known as the browser’s language.
2. What are Data Types in JavaScript?
JavaScript data types are categorized into two parts i.e. primitive and non-primitive
types.
 Primitive Data Type: The predefined data types provided by JavaScript
language are known as primitive data type. Primitive data types are also
known as in-built data types.
o Numbers

o Strings

o Boolean

o Symbol

o Undefined

o Null

o BigInt

 Non-Premitive Data Type: The data types that are derived from primitive
data types are known as non-primitive data types. It is also known as derived
data types or reference data types.
o Objects

o Functions

o Arrays

3. Which symbol is used for comments in JavaScript?

Comments prevent the execution of statements. Comments are ignored while the
compiler executes the code. There are two type of symbols to represent comments
in JavaScript:
 Double slash: It is known as a single-line comment.
// Single line comment
 Slash with Asterisk: It is known as a multi-line comment.
/*
Multi-line comments
...
*/
4. What would be the result of 3+2+”7″?
Here, 3 and 2 behave like an integer, and “7” behaves like a string. So 3 plus 2 will
be 5. Then the output will be 5+”7″ = 57.
5. What is the use of the isNaN function?
The number isNan function determines whether the passed value is NaN (Not a
number) and is of the type “Number”. In JavaScript, the value NaN is considered a
type of number. It returns true if the argument is not a number, else it returns false.
6. Which is faster in JavaScript and ASP script?
JavaScript is faster compared to ASP Script. JavaScript is a client-side scripting
language and does not depend on the server to execute. The ASP script is a server-
side scripting language always dependable on the server.
7. What is negative infinity?
The negative infinity is a constant value represents the lowest available value. It
means that no other number is lesser than this value. It can be generate using a
self-made function or by an arithmetic operation. JavaScript shows the
NEGATIVE_INFINITY value as -Infinity.
8. Is it possible to break JavaScript Code into several lines?
Yes, it is possible to break the JavaScript code into several lines in a string
statement. It can be broken by using the ‘\n’ (backslash n).
For example
console.log("A Online Computer Science Portal\n for Geeks")
The code-breaking line is avoid by JavaScript which is not preferable.
let gfg= 10, GFG = 5,
Geeks =
gfg + GFG;
9. Which company developed JavaScript?
Netscape developed JavaScript and was created by Brenden Eich in the year of
1995.
10. What are undeclared and undefined variables?
 Undefined: It occurs when a variable is declare but not assign any value.
Undefined is not a keyword.
 Undeclared: It occurs when we try to access any variable which is not
initialize or declare earlier using the var or const keyword. If we use ‘typeof’
operator to get the value of an undeclare variable, we will face the runtime
error with the return value as “undefined”. The scope of the undeclare
variables is always global.
11. Write a JavaScript code for adding new elements dynamically.
1
<html>
2
<head>
3
</head>
4
<body>
5
<button onclick="create()">
6
Click Here!
7
</button>
8

9
<script>
10
function create() {
11
let geeks = document.createElement('geeks');
12
geeks.textContent = "Geeksforgeeks";
13
geeks.setAttribute('class', 'note');
14
document.body.appendChild(geeks);
15
}
16
 </script>
17
</body>
18
</html>
12. What are global variables? How are these variables declared, and what
are the problems associated with them?
In contrast, global variables are the variables that define outside of functions. These
variables have a global scope, so they can be used by any function without passing
them to the function as parameters.
Example:
1
let petName = "Rocky"; // Global Variable
2
myFunction();
3

4
function myFunction() {
5
console.log("Inside myFunction - Type of petName:", typeof petName);
6
console.log("Inside myFunction - petName:", petName);
7
}
8

9
console.log("Outside myFunction - Type of petName:", typeof petName);
10
console.log("Outside myFunction - petName:", petName);
Output
Inside myFunction - Type of petName: string
Inside myFunction - petName: Rocky
Outside myFunction - Type of petName: string
Outside myFunction - petName: Rocky
It is difficult to debug and test the code that relies on global variables.
13. What do you mean by NULL in JavaScript?
The NULL value represents that no value or no object. It is known as empty
value/object.
14. How to delete property-specific values?
The delete keyword deletes the whole property and all the values at once like
let gfg={Course: "DSA", Duration:30};
delete gfg.Course;
15. What is the difference between null and undefined in JavaScript?
A deeper comparison between the two special values, null (intentional absence of
value) and undefined (uninitialized variables).
16. What is a prompt box?
The prompt box is a dialog box with an optional message prompting the user to
input some text. It is often used if the user wants to input a value before entering a
page. It returns a string containing the text entered by the user, or null.
17. What is the ‘this’ keyword in JavaScript?
Functions in JavaScript are essential objects. Like objects, it can be assign to
variables, pass to other functions, and return from functions. And much like objects,
they have their own properties. ‘this’ stores the current execution context of the
JavaScript program. Thus, when it use inside a function, the value of ‘this’ will
change depending on how the function is defined, how it is invoked, and the default
execution context.
18. Explain the working of timers in JavaScript. Also explain the drawbacks
of using the timer, if any.
The timer executes some specific code at a specific time or any small amount of
code in repetition to do that you need to use the
functions setTimout, setInterval, and clearInterval. If the JavaScript code sets
the timer to 2 minutes and when the times are up then the page displays an alert
message “times up”. The setTimeout() method calls a function or evaluates an
expression after a specified number of milliseconds.
19. What is the difference between ViewState and SessionState?
 ViewState: It is specific to a single page in a session.
 SessionState: It is user specific that can access all the data on the web
pages.
20. How to submit a form using JavaScript?
You can use document.form[0].submit()method to submit the form in JavaScript.
21. Does JavaScript support automatic type conversion?
Yes, JavaScript supports automatic type conversion.
22. What is a template literal in JavaScript?
A template literal in JavaScript is a way to define strings that allow embedded
expressions and multi-line formatting. It uses backticks (`) instead of quotes and
supports ${} for embedding variables or expressions inside the string.
23. What is a higher-order function in JavaScript?
A higher-order function in JavaScript is a function that either takes one or more
functions as arguments, or returns a function as its result. These functions allow for
more abstract and reusable code, enabling functional programming patterns
For example, map() and filter() are higher-order functions because they take
callback functions as arguments.
JavaScript Intermediate Interview Questions
24. What are all the looping structures in JavaScript?
 while loop: A while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be
executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. The while loop can
be thought of as a repeating if statement.
 for loop: A for loop provides a concise way of writing the loop structure.
Unlike a while loop, for statement consumes the initialization, condition and
increment/decrement in one line thereby providing a shorter, easy to debug
structure of looping.
 do while: A do-while loop is similar to while loop with the only difference that
it checks the condition after executing the statements, and therefore is an
example of Exit Control Loop.
25. What is lexical scope in JavaScript?
Lexical scope in JavaScript refers to the way variables are resolved based on their
location in the source code. A variable’s scope is determined by the position of the
code where it is defined, and it is accessible to any nested functions or blocks. This
means that functions have access to variables in their own scope and the outer
(lexical) scopes, but not to variables in inner scopes.
1
let outer = "I am outside!";
2
function inner() {
3
console.log(outer);
4
}
5
inner();
In this example, inner() can access the outer variable because of lexical scoping.
26. How does lexical scoping work with the this keyword in JavaScript?
In JavaScript, lexical scoping primarily applies to variable resolution, while the
behavior of the this keyword is determined by how a function is called, not by its
position in the code. The value of this is dynamically determined at runtime based
on the function’s context (e.g., whether it’s called as a method, in a global context,
or with call, apply, or bind).
1
const obj = {
2
name: "JavaScript",
3
greet: function () {
4
console.log(this.name);
5
}
6
};
7
obj.greet(); // "JavaScript"
Here, this refers to obj because the function is called as a method of the object.
Lexical scoping affects variable lookups but doesn’t alter how this behaves.
27. Explain how to read and write a file using JavaScript?
 The readFile() functions is used for reading operation.
readFile( Path, Options, Callback)
 The writeFile() functions is used for writing operation.
writeFile( Path, Data, Callback)
28. What is called Variable typing in JavaScript ?
The variable typing is the type of variable used to store a number and using that
same variable to assign a “string”.
Geeks = 42;
Geeks = "GeeksforGeeks";
29. What is hoisting in JavaScript?
Hoisting in JavaScript is the behavior where variable and function declarations are
moved to the top of their containing scope during compilation, before the code is
executed. This means you can reference variables and functions before they are
declared in the code. However, only declarations are hoisted, not initializations.
1
console.log(a); // undefined
2
var a = 5;
In this case, the declaration of a is hoisted, but its value (5) is not assigned until the
code execution reaches that line. Hoisting applies differently for var, let, const, and
function declarations.
30. How to convert the string of any base to integer in JavaScript?
In JavaScript, parseInt() function is used to convert the string to an integer. This
function returns an integer of base which is specified in second argument of
parseInt() function. The parseInt() function returns Nan (not a number) when the
string doesn’t contain number.
31. Explain how to detect the operating system on the client machine?
To detect the operating system on the client machine, one can simply use
navigator.appVersion or navigator.userAgent property. The Navigator appVersion
property is a read-only property and it returns the string that represents the version
information of the browser.
32. What are the types of Pop up boxes available in JavaScript?
There are three types of pop boxes available in JavaScript.
 Alert
 Confirm
 Prompt
33. What is the use of void(0) ?
The void(0) is used to call another method without refreshing the page during the
calling time parameter “zero” will be passed.
34. What are JavaScript modules, and how do you import/export them?
JavaScript modules allow you to split your code into smaller, reusable pieces. They
enable the export of variables, functions, or objects from one file and the import of
them into another. To export an element, you use export (either named or default).
To import it, you use import.
1
// In file1.js
2
export const greet = () => "Hello";
3

4
// In file2.js
5
import { greet } from './file1';
6
console.log(greet());
Modules help organize code and avoid global namespace pollution. They are
natively supported in modern JavaScript through import and export statements.
35. What are WeakMap and WeakSet, and how are they different from Map
and Set?
A WeakMap is a collection of key-value pairs where keys are objects and the
values can be any data type. The key-value pairs in a WeakMap are “weakly” held,
meaning if no other references to a key exist, the entry can be garbage collected.
A WeakSet is a collection of unique objects, and like WeakMap, the objects are
weakly held.
The main difference from Map and Set is that in Map and Set, entries are strongly
held, meaning they prevent garbage collection, while in WeakMap and WeakSet,
entries can be garbage collected if no other references to the objects exist.
36. What is the role of the setImmediate function in Node.js, and how is it
different from setTimeout?
In Node.js, the setImmediate() function schedules a callback to be executed in the
next iteration of the event loop, after the current event handling phase. It’s
commonly used to execute I/O tasks after the current operation completes.
The key difference between setImmediate() and setTimeout() is
that setImmediate() runs after the I/O events in the event loop,
while setTimeout() runs after a specified delay (even if the event loop is still
busy). setTimeout() schedules tasks with a minimum delay,
while setImmediate() executes as soon as the event loop is free.
For further reading, check out our dedicated article on Intermediate Javascript
Interview Questions. Inside, you’ll discover over 20 questions with detailed
answers.
JavaScript Interview Questions for Experienced
37. What is the ‘Strict’ mode in JavaScript and how can it be enabled?
Strict Mode is a new feature in ECMAScript 5 that allows you to place a program or a
function in a “strict” operating context. This strict context prevents certain actions
from being taken and throws more exceptions. The statement “use strict” instructs
the browser to use the Strict mode, which is a reduced and safer feature set of
JavaScript.
38. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using async/await over
traditional callbacks or promises?
Advantages of async/await:
 Improved readability: Async/await makes asynchronous code look like
synchronous code, making it easier to read and maintain.
 Simplified error handling: With try/catch, error handling is more
straightforward compared to .catch() with promises or callback-based error
handling.
 Avoids callback hell: It eliminates deeply nested callbacks, reducing
complexity in asynchronous logic.
Disadvantages of async/await:
 Requires modern JavaScript: It’s supported in ES2017 and above, so older
environments may need transpiling.
  Limited concurrency control: Unlike promises with .all() or .race(),
async/await can be less flexible for handling multiple parallel tasks.
39. How to explain closures in JavaScript and when to use it?
The closure is created when a child functions to keep the environment of the
parent’s scope even after the parent’s function has already executed. The Closure is
a locally declared variable related to a function. The closure will provide better
control over the code when using them.
1
function foo() {
2
let b = 1;
3
function inner() {
4
return b;
5
}
6
return inner;
7
}
8
let get_func_inner = foo();
9

10
console.log(get_func_inner());
11
console.log(get_func_inner());
12
console.log(get_func_inner());
Output
1
1
1
40. What is the difference between call() and apply() methods ?
Both methods are used in a different situation
 call() Method: It calls the method, taking the owner object as argument.
The keyword this refers to the ‘owner’ of the function or the object it belongs
to. We can call a method that can be used on different objects.
 apply() Method: The apply() method is used to write methods, which can be
used on different objects. It is different from the function call() because it
takes arguments as an array.
41.How to target a particular frame from a hyperlink in JavaScript ?
This can be done by using the target attribute in the hyperlink. Like
<a href="/geeksforgeeks.htm" target="newframe">New Page</a>
42. Write the errors shown in JavaScript?
There are three different types of errors in JavaScript.
 Syntax error: A syntax error is an error in the syntax of a sequence of
characters or tokens that are intended to be written in a particular
programming language.
 Logical error: It is the most difficult error to be traced as it is the error on
the logical part of the coding or logical error is a bug in a program that
causes to operate incorrectly and terminate abnormally.
 Runtime Error: A runtime error is an error that occurs during the running of
the program, also known as an exception.
43. What is the difference between JavaScript and Jscript?
JavaScript
 It is a scripting language developed by Netscape.
 It is used to design client and server-side applications.
 It is completely independent of Java language.
Jscript
 It is a scripting language developed by Microsoft.
  It is used to design active online content for the word wide Web.
44. How many ways an HTML element can be accessed in JavaScript code?
There are four possible ways to access HTML elements in JavaScript which are:
 getElementById() Method: It is used to get the element by its id name.
 getElementsByClass() Method: It is used to get all the elements that have
the given classname.
 getElementsByTagName() Method: It is used to get all the elements that
have the given tag name.
 querySelector() Method: This function takes CSS style selector and returns
the first selected element.
45. What is an event bubbling in JavaScript?
Consider a situation an element is present inside another element and both of them
handle an event. When an event occurs in bubbling, the innermost element handles
the event first, then the outer, and so on.
46. Explain the concept of memoization in JavaScript?
Memoization in JavaScript is an optimization technique that stores the results of
expensive function calls and reuses them when the same inputs occur again. This
reduces the number of computations by caching the results. Memoization is
typically implemented using an object or a map to store function arguments and
their corresponding results. When the function is called with the same arguments,
the cached result is returned instead of recalculating it. This improves performance,
especially for functions with repeated calls and expensive computations.
47. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?
In JavaScript, == is the loose equality operator, which compares two values for
equality after performing type coercion if necessary. This means it converts the
operands to the same type before comparing.
=== is the strict equality operator, which compares both the values and their
types, without performing type conversion.
48. Explain the concept of promises and how they work.
A Promise in JavaScript is an object that represents the result of an asynchronous
operation. It can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled (resolved), or rejected.
You create a promise using new Promise(), passing an executor function with
resolve and reject callbacks. When the operation succeeds, resolve() is called; if it
fails, reject() is used. Promises are handled with .then() for success and .catch() for
failure. They can be chained to handle sequences of asynchronous tasks in a more
readable way.
49. What is the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy?
A shallow copy creates a new object but copies references to the original nested
objects, meaning changes to the nested objects affect both the original and the
copy. A deep copy, on the other hand, creates a new object and recursively copies
all nested objects, ensuring that the original and the copy are completely
independent. In a shallow copy, nested objects are shared, while in a deep copy,
they are fully duplicated.
50. Explain the concept of the event loop and the call stack in JavaScript.
How does JavaScript handle asynchronous code execution?
In JavaScript, the event loop manages the execution of code, handling both
synchronous and asynchronous operations. The call stack stores function calls and
executes them in a Last In, First Out (LIFO) order. When asynchronous code (e.g.,
setTimeout, promises) is encountered, it’s offloaded to the callback queue once its
execution context is ready. The event loop continuously checks the call stack and
moves tasks from the callback queue to the stack when it’s empty, allowing
asynchronous code to run without blocking the main thread.
51. What are Web Workers, and how do you use them to run scripts in the
background?
Web Workers are JavaScript threads that run in the background, separate from the
main thread, allowing long-running scripts to be executed without blocking the user
interface. You can create a Web Worker using the Worker constructor, passing a
JavaScript file as an argument. Once created, the worker can perform tasks
asynchronously, and you can communicate with it via postMessage and onmessage
events, ensuring the main thread remains responsive.
52. Explain the concept of “debouncing” and “throttling” in JavaScript.
How can these techniques optimize performance?
Debouncing and throttling are techniques used to optimize performance by
limiting the frequency of function executions in response to events like scrolling or
resizing.
 Debouncing ensures that a function is only executed after a certain amount
of idle time, i.e., it delays the execution until the event stops triggering for a
specified time (e.g., for search input).
 Throttling limits the number of times a function can be executed in a given
period, ensuring it runs at regular intervals (e.g., during scroll or window
resizing).
For further reading, check out our dedicated article on Advanced Javascript
Interview Questions. Inside, you’ll discover 20+ questions with detailed answers.
JavaScript MCQ Coding Interview Questions
53. Which of the following is a JavaScript data type?
Options:
 1. number
2. string
3. boolean
4. All of the above
Answer:
4
Explanation:
 JavaScript has several built-in data types, and number, string, and boolean
are all valid types.
 A number represents numeric values, a string represents sequences of
characters, and a boolean represents either true or false. All of these are
fundamental data types in JavaScript.
54. What is the result of the following code?
1
let a = [1, 2, 3];
2
let b = a;
3
b[0] = 100;
4
console.log(a);
Options:
1. [100, 2, 3]
2. [1, 2, 3]
3. [100, 100, 100]
4. undefined
Answer :
1
Explanation :
 The code snippet represents two arrays [100, 2, 3] and [1, 2, 3] being
compared using the equality operator (==).
  In JavaScript, arrays are reference types, meaning each array is a reference
to an object in memory.
 Since the two arrays are different objects in memory, the comparison results
in false, which evaluates to undefined when logged. Therefore, the result is
undefined.
55. What is the output of the following code?
1
console.log([] + []);
Options:
1. null
2. undefined
3. ”
4. []
Answer :
3
Explanation:
 The + operator concatenates two empty arrays, which results in an empty
string ''.
56. What will be the output of the following code?
1
(function() {
2
var a = b = 5;
3
})();
4
console.log(typeof a);
5
console.log(typeof b);
Options:
 1. typeof a: "undefined"
typeof b: "number"
2. typeof a: “number”
typeof b: “number”
3. typeof a: “undefined”
typeof b: “undefined”
4. typeof a: “number”
typeof b: “undefined”
Answer:
1
Explanation:
 Inside the IIFE, b = 5 is treated as a global variable (since no var, let,
or const keyword is used).
 However, a is declared with var and is local to the function, so it
is undefined outside.
57. What will be logged in the console?
console.log(1 < 2 < 3);
console.log(3 > 2 > 1);
Options:
1. true, true
2. true, false
3. false, true
4. false, false
Answer:
2
Explanation:
 1 < 2 < 3 is evaluated as (1 < 2) < 3, which becomes true < 3. In JavaScript,
true is treated as 1, so 1 < 3 is true.
 3 > 2 > 1 becomes (3 > 2) > 1, which results in true > 1. Since true is 1, the
comparison becomes 1 > 1, which is false.
58. What will be the output of the following code?
const obj1 = { a: 1 };
const obj2 = { a: 1 };
console.log(obj1 == obj2);
console.log(obj1 === obj2);
Options:
1. true, true
2. true, false
3. false, true
4. false, false
Answer:
4
Explanation:
 In JavaScript, objects are compared by reference, not by value. Since obj1
and obj2 point to different memory locations, both == and === comparisons
return false.
59. What will be the result of the following code?
let x = 10;
let y = (x++, x + 1, x * 2);
console.log(y);
Options :
1. 22
2. 12
3. 21
4. 20
Answer:
22
Explanation:
 The comma operator ( , ) evaluates all expressions but returns the value of
the last one.
 x++ increments x to 11, but the result of this expression is the original 10.
 x + 1 becomes 11 + 1 = 12, and the final expression x * 2 evaluates to 11 * 2
= 22, which is assigned to y.
60. What will be the output of this asynchronous JavaScript code?
console.log('A');
setTimeout(() => console.log('B'), 0);
Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log('C'));
console.log('D');
Options:
1. A D B C
2. A B C D
3. A D C B
4. A C D B
Answer:
3
Explanation:
 The synchronous code runs first, logging ‘A’ and ‘D’.
 Promise callbacks (microtasks) are executed before setTimeout (macrotasks).
So ‘C’ is logged before ‘B’.
61. What will be the output of this recursive function?
function foo(num) {
if (num === 0) return 1;
return num + foo(num - 1);
}
console.log(foo(3));
Options:
1. 3
2. 6
3. 7
4. 10
Answer:
3
Explanation:
 The function works recursively:
 o foo(3) → 3 + foo(2)

o foo(2) → 2 + foo(1)

o foo(1) → 1 + foo(0)

o foo(0) → 1

 So, the total is 3 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 7.

62. What will be printed in the following code?
let a = [1, 2, 3];
let b = a;
b.push(4);
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
Options:
1. [1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
2. [1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
3. [1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 3]
4. [1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3]
Answer:
2
Explanation:
 In JavaScript, arrays are reference types. Both a and b point to the same
array in memory. Modifying b also affects a.
63. What will be logged by the following code?
function test() {
console.log(this);
}
test.call(null);
Options:
 1. null
2. undefined
3. Window or global object
4. TypeError
Answer:
3
Explanation:
 In non-strict mode, calling a function with this set to null defaults to the
global object (Window in browsers or global in Node.js).
JavaScript Quiz
Apart from these questions you can also practice JavaScript Quiz for better
understanding of every topic to enhance your knowledge and helping you in the
interviews.
1. Introduction to JavaScript
2. Variables and Data Types
3. Operators
4. Control Flow
5. Functions
6. Objects
7. Arrays
8. DOM and BOM
9. Event Handling
10.Classes and Inheritance
11.Modern JavaScript (ES6+)
12.Advanced JavaScript
13.Regular Expressions and JSON
14.Asynchronous JavaScript
15.Error Handling and Debugging
JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers
JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers – FAQs
What are the primitive data types in JavaScript?
There are six: number, string, boolean, null, undefined, and symbol.
How do you explain ‘hoisting’ in JavaScript?
Variable declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope, allowing access before
their actual definition.
What’s the difference between ‘===’ and ‘==’?
=== checks for strict equality (value and type), while == performs type coercion
before comparison.
How can you loop through the elements of an array?
Use a for loop or a forEach method to iterate over each item in the array.
What is a closure in JavaScript?
A closure is a function that retains access to its lexical scope, even when the
function is executed outside that scope.
What is the event loop in JavaScript?
The event loop is a mechanism that allows JavaScript to execute asynchronous
code. It continuously checks the call stack to see if there are any functions to
execute and if the call stack is empty, it checks the callback queue for events that
need to be processed.
What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous code in
JavaScript?
 Synchronous code: The code is executed line by line, one after another.
Each task must be completed before the next one begins.
 Asynchronous code: The code allows tasks to run independently of the
main program flow, so the program doesn’t block other operations while
waiting for one task to complete (e.g., setTimeout, Promises).