Target

Hello dear learners! We hope that you are doing fine. This module was
designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master in identifying the
inquiry and stating the problem of research. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module deals with stating Research Questions
 After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. State research questions

Review
Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer among the given choices.
Write
your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. If research questions are not formulated or have no direction the

researcher will not know what to do with the data that will be gathered.
a. True c. sometimes true
b. False d. sometimes false

2. Research questions express clearly the specific direction or focus of the

research problem or inquiry.
a. True c. sometimes true
b. False d. sometimes false

3. Research questions are a temporary answer to the research problem.

a. True c. sometimes true
b. False d. sometimes false

4. Research questions should be broad.

a. True c. sometimes true
b. False d. sometimes false

5. Research questions should be specific.

a. True c. sometimes true
b. False d. sometimes false
6. Research questions specify the scope and the method in collecting and
analyzing data.
a. True c. sometimes true
b. False d. sometimes false

7. Relations research questions are about the nature and manner of _______
between or among variables.
a. Connection c. differences
b. Opposition d. similarities

8. Causal research questions are ________ behind the effects of the

independent variables on the dependent variable is the focus of these
types of research questions.
 a. Results c. reasons
b. Product d. outcome
9. Research questions must show the following EXCEPT:
a. Organization c. Direction
b. Order d. Objective

10. Descriptive research questions are asking about the listed items below
about the subjects or participants EXCEPT:
a. Kind c. Qualifications
b. Answer d. Categories

11. Which of the following is a descriptive research question?

a. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age and gender?
b. What are the causes of high academic performance of the students?
c. What is the association of tardiness and academic performance of students?
d. Is there a significant difference between the academic performance of
students and their study habits?

12. Which of the following is a relation research question?

a. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age and gender?
b. What are the causes of high academic performance of the students?
c. What is the association of tardiness and academic performance of students?
d. What the significant difference between the academic performance of
students and their study habits?

13. Which of the following is a causal research question?

a. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age and gender?
b. What are the causes of high academic performance of the students?
c. What is the association of tardiness and academic performance of
students?
d. Is there a significant difference between the academic performance of
students and their study habits?

14. Deductive approach to quantitative research questions goes from __________.

a. General ideas to specific ideas
b. Smaller ideas to bigger ideas
c. Simple ideas to complex ideas
d. Specific details to broader details
15. Inductive approach to quantitative research questions goes from ___________.
a. Bigger ideas to smaller ideas
b. General ideas to specific ideas
c. Specific ideas to general ideas
d. Broad ideas to detailed ideas

Lesso
Stating Research Questions
n1

• The specific or sub questions, called Research Questions to specify the scope and
the method in collecting and analyzing data, give you the right direction in your
research.

• The research questions formulated give focus to the research as well as guide the
appropriateness of the decisions the researcher made.

• A quantitative research problem can generate a set of research questions or sub-

problems that fall under any of these types of research questions:

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 1. Descriptive research questions- ask questions on the kind, qualifications,
and categories of the subjects or participants.
2. Relation questions – are questions about the nature and manner of
connection between or among variables.
3. Causal questions – reasons behind the effects of the independent variable on
the dependent variable is the focus of these types of research questions.

• There are two approaches to quantitative research questions

1. Deductive approach – goes from bigger ideas such as theories or concepts to
smaller ideas.

2. Inductive approach – focus on description of things to prove. Central to this

approach are specific details to prove the validity of a certain theory or
concept.

Let us take a look the example below:

Research Title:

Writing Proficiency Level of Grade 11 HUMSS Students: Basis for

Contextualized Teaching-Learning Module

Research Questions:
1. What is the writing proficiency level of Grade 11 HUMSS students in terms of:
a. grammar;
b. mechanics; and
c. organization?

2. What contextualized teaching-learning module can be designed on the least

developed writing skill/s of Grade 11 HUMSS students?; and

3. What is the validity level of the module?

Crafting Research Question

 The specific or sub questions, called Research Questions to specify the

scope and the method in collecting and analyzing data, give you the right
direction in your research.
 The research questions formulated give focus to the research as well as
guide the appropriateness of the decisions the researcher made.
 A quantitative research problem can generate a set of research questions or
sub-problems that fall under any of these types of research questions:
1. Descriptive research questions- ask questions on the kind,
qualifications, and categories of the subjects or participants.
2. Relation questions – are questions about the nature and manner of
connection between or among variables.
3. Causal questions – reasons behind the effects of the independent
variable on the dependent variable is the focus of these types of
research questions.
 There are two approaches to quantitative research questions

1. Deductive approach – goes from bigger ideas such as theories or

concepts to smaller ideas.
2. Inductive approach – focus on description of things to prove. Central to
this approach are specific details to prove the validity of a certain
theory or concept.

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 Discover
Simple Recall

Activity 1:
Directions: Fill in the graphic organizer by writing four statements about the
background of the study. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Background
of the study

Figure 1- Grahic Organizer

Tell me why

Directions: Inside the box below is a Chinese Proverb about asking question. What is
your understanding about this?

He who asks a question remains a fool for five minutes;

He who does not ask remains a fool forever.
-Chinese Proverb

Research is an opportunity for us to ask questions about almost

everything. As the Chinese proverb said we will not remain fools if we ask
questions. Therefore, research gives us the chance to learn as much as we can
through the research question.

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 Analyze

Activity 1 : Table Analysis

Directions: Below are different tables about research questions. Be able to

write as many statements as you can about the research
questions, types of quantitative research questions, and
approaches in quantitative research questions using the entries in
the tables.

Research Questions
 Specify Types
the of Quantitative
scope Give focusResearch
to Questions
 Guide the
and Descriptive
the method in the research Relation appropriateness
Causal
collecting and of the decisions
 kind, qualifications,  nature and manner reasons behind the
analyzing data the
and categories of the of connection effects of the
researcher made
subjects or participants between or among independent
variables variable on the
 
dependent variable




Approaches in Quantitative Research Questions

Deductive Inductive
 from bigger ideas to smaller  from smaller ideas to
ideas  bigger ideas


Enrichment Activity

Activity 1
Directions: Identify whether the following are Descriptive, Relation, or
Causal research questions.
_________________1, What is the relationship between the time spent in
studying and the grades of students?

_________________2. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender,

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average family income, and distance of their house from school?

_________________3. What is the impact of social media to the academic

performance of students?

_________________4. What are the effects of Covid19 pandemic to the study habits
of students?

_________________5. Is there a significant difference with the scores of the

respondents during the pretest and posttest?

Activity 2
The following are samples of the research description. Write a research
question for each of them as indicated in the parenthesis.
1. A study was conducted to determine whether the Ethnicity affects the
grades of the pupils in the English subject. (relation)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. A study was conducted to find out if there is a significant correlation with

the number of members in the family and the academic performance of
students. (relation)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. A survey was conducted to find out the characteristics of the Tagbanua

tribe in terms of their educational attainment, number of family members in
a household, and average family income. (description)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. A study was conducted to know the effects of Tiktok to elementary students.
(causal)______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. A study was conducted to find out whether there is a significant relationship

between the reading comprehension and reading speed of students.
(relation)______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activity

Activity 1
Directions: Answer the question by writing a five-sentence paragraph.
If you are going to conduct a study how are you going to state your research
questions? Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.

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______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

Activity 2
There are many issues the world is facing today. A lot of problems need to be
addressed. As a researcher, if you are to choose from among these world problems,
which would you like to deal with as your focus so that you can offer help through
your research. What will be your research questions?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.

Remember
 Steps in developing a research question:

1. Choose an interesting general topic. Even directed academic research

should focus on a topic in which the writer is at least somewhat personally
invested.

2. Do some preliminary research on your general topic. Do a few quick

searches in current periodicals and journals on your topic to see what’s already
been done and to help you narrow your focus. What questions does this early
research raise?

3. Consider your audience. For most college papers, your audience will be
academic, but always keep your audience in mind when narrowing your topic
and developing your question. Would that particular audience be interested in
this question?

4. Start asking questions. Taking into consideration all of the above, start
asking yourself open-ended “how” and “why” questions about your general
topic.

5. Evaluate your question. After enlisting the questions, evaluate these

questions to realize if they would be effective research questions, or if they
need more revisions (Creswell, 2012).

Assessment
INSTRUCTIONS: Which of the following are correctly stated as quantitative research
questions? Write the letter of your answers on a separate sheet.

1. a. Are the new teaching strategies effective?

b. To what extent are the new teaching strategies effective?
c. Teachers prefer one teaching strategy than the others. Why? d. Some
teaching strategies are more effective than others. How?

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2. a. What is the relationship of tardiness and the academic performance of
students?
b. Should there be a relationship between the tardiness of students and their
academic performance?
c. Why should there be a relationship between the tardiness and academic
performance of students?
d. Is the relationship between the tardiness of students and their academic
performance needed?

3. a. Why do other students have better grades than the others?

b. What is the difference between the grades of students when they are
grouped according to their age and gender?
c. Who among the students have better grades? Those with the same age or
those with the same gender?
d. Other students have higher grades than others. How could it be possible?

4. a. What are the effects of the study habits of students on their attendance in
school?
b. Which of the study habits of students are better? Why?
c. Is it sure that study habits can affect their attendance in school?
d. Can the study habits of students really affect their attendance in school?

5. a. Why did the students get good grades in the first semester?
b. Why did the students get good grades in the second semester?
c. Are the grades of students better during the first or second semester? d.
What is the significant difference between the general averages of
students during the first and second semester?

6. a. Is online learning for students affecting the expenses of parents?

b. What is the impact of online learning for students on the expenses of
parents?
c. Do the parents believe that online learning for students affect their
expenses?
d. Can parents avoid the impact of online learning for students?

7. a. Why did most of the students get low grades in the first semester than in the
second semester?
b. What describes the first and second-semester grades of students? c. Which
semester do the students perform well?
d. How many students perform well in the first semester?

8. a. How did online selling help the entrepreneurs during the Covid19 pandemic?
b. What is the extent of the help online selling give to the entrepreneurs during
the Covid19 pandemic?
c. Why did online selling help entrepreneurs during the Covid19 pandemic?
d. Did online selling help the entrepreneurs during the Covid19 pandemic?

9. a. Does internet connection affects online learning?

b. Is online learning affected by the availability of internet connection?
c. Why is online learning affected by the availability of internet connection?
d. What are the effects of the availability of internet connectionto online
learning?

10. a. Which test did students get higher results?

b. Which test did students get lower results?
c. Are the test results of the tests valid? Why?
d. What describes the result of the post-test of the Freshmen students during
the admission test?

11. Which of the following is a descriptive research question?

a. What are the causes of the high academic performance of the students?

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 b. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, and grade
level?
c. What is the association of tardiness and academic performance of students?
d. Is there a significant difference between the academic performance of
students and their study habits?

12. Which of the following is a related research question?

a. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age and gender?
b. What are the causes of the high academic performance of the
students?
c. What is the relationship between the tardiness and academic performance of
students?
d. Why is there a need for a relationship between the tardiness and academic
performance of students?

13. Which of the following is a causal research question?

a. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age and gender?
b. What are the causes of the high academic performance of the
students?
c. What is the association of tardiness and academic performance of students?
d. Is there a significant difference between the academic performance of
students and their study habits?

14. All are relation research questions except one.

a. What is the significant relationship between reading comprehension and the
ability to solve math word problems?
b. What is the association between the regular exercise and the achieving
slimmer body?
c. What is the relationship between eating fatty foods and high blood pressure?
d. What describes the respondents in terms of their educational attainment?

15. All are descriptive research questions except one.

a. What describes the frequency of the use of cell phones of the respondents?
b. What is the significant relationship between reading speed and reading
comprehension?
c. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the number of siblings and
average family income?
d. What is the extent of the influence of parents to course choice of students?

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