A.R.

J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

THEORY COURSE FILE

MC4103 PYTHON PROGRAMMINGM

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24 (Odd Semester)

CONTENTS

1. Institute V/M; Department V/M/PEO; PO/PSO statements

2. Course Syllabus
3. Course Information Sheet with course objectives, course outcomes, PO/PSO
Mapping, Gaps in Syllabus, Topic beyond syllabus/Contemporary topics, Delivery
methods, etc
4. Model Lesson plan
5. Student’s Name List
6. Time Table
7. Lecture notes (unit wise)
8. Sample PPT print out (Unit wise)
9. Unit wise Question bank
10. University Question papers (Last 3 Years)
11. Internal Question papers with Answer key
12. Assignment (Minimum 3 with Multiple Topics)
13. Gaps & plans for Add on Programs (Plan and Schedule)
14. Result Analysis, Remedial/Corrective action
15. Topics beyond syllabus-References
16. Course Outcomes Assessment
17. Logbook

Prepared By

Mrs.M.Narmada Priyadharsini,
Assistant Professor / AGRI
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi &
Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

COLLEGE VISION AND MISSION

STATEMENT

VISION
Python is extensively used in computer vision due to its simplicity,
extensive libraries, and strong community support. It allows
developers to focus on implementing complex solutions with minimal
effort. Several Python libraries facilitate various computer vision

Mison

Mission | Python Software Foundation

Python.org

https://www.python.org › psf › mission

The mission of the Python Software Foundation is to promote, protect, and advance
the Python programming language, and to support and facilitate the growth of a ...
 People also ask

Mission | Python Software Foundation

Python.org

https://www.python.org › psf › mission

The mission of the Python Software Foundation is to promote, protect, and advance
the Python programming language, and to support and facilitate the growth of a ...

People also ask

 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution

MC4103 PYTHON PROGRAMMINGM

VISION
python plays a significant role in the field of computer vision, offering a wide
range of libraries and tools that facilitate the development of vision-based
applications. Some of the popular Python libraries used for computer vision
tasks include

MISSION
The mission of the Python Software Foundation is to promote, protect, and advance the Python programming
language, and to support and facilitate the growth of a diverse and international community of Python
programmers.
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Graduates will be able to: I. Apply their computing skills to analyse, design and
develop innovative software products to meet the industry needs and excel as
software professionals. II. Pursue lifelong learning and do research in the computing
field based on solid technical foundations. III. Communicate and function effectively
in teams in multidisciplinary fields within the global, societal and environmental
context. IV. Exhibit professional integrity, ethics and an understanding of
responsibility to contribute technical solutions for the sustainable development of
society
A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25 (An
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution

POGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PS

2. PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) 1. An ability to independently carry out

research/investigation and development work to solve practical problems 2. An ability
to write and present a substantial technical report/document 3. Students should be able
to demonstrate a degree of mastery over the area as per the specialization of the
program. The mastery should be at a level higher than the requirements in the
appropriate bachelor program 4. Able to select suitable data models, appropriate
architecture, and platform to implement a system with good performance. 5. Able to
design and integrate various system based components to provide user interactive
solutions for various challenges. 6. Able to develop applications for real time
environments using existing and upcoming technologies. PEO/PO Mapping: PEO P

MC4103 PYTHON PROGRAMMINGM

UNIT I BASICS OF PYTHON

Introduction to Python Programming – Python Interpreter and Interactive
Mode– Variables and Identifiers – Arithmetic Operators – Values and Types –
Statements. Operators – Boolean Values – Operator Precedence – Expression –
Conditionals: If-Else Constructs – Loop Structures/Iterative Statements – While
Loop – For Loop – Break Statement-Continue statement – Function Call and
Returning Values – Parameter Passing – Local and Global Scope – Recursive
Functions

UNIT11DATA TYPES IN PYTHON

Lists, Tuples, Sets, Strings, Dictionary, Modules: Module Loading and

Execution – Packages Making Your Own Module – The Python Standard
Libraries

UNIT III FILE HANDLING AND EXCEPTION HANDLING

Files: Introduction – File Path – Opening and Closing Files – Reading and
Writing Files –File Position –Exception: Errors and Exceptions, Exception
Handling, Multiple Exception
UNIT IV MODULES, PACKAGES AND FRAMEWORKS
Modules: Introduction – Module Loading and Execution – Packages – Making
Your Own Module – The Python Libraries for data processing, data mining and
visualization- NUMPY, Pandas, Matplotlib, Plotly-Frameworks- -Django, Flask,
Web2Py
UNIT5 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON
Creating a Class, Class methods, Class Inheritance, Encapsulation,
Polymorphism, class method vs. static methods, Python object persistence.

Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25 (An
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

COURSE OUTCOMES:
. On completion of the course the student would be able to : CO1: Develop
algorithmic solutions to simple computational problems CO2: Represent compound
data using Python lists, tuples and dictionaries. CO3: Read and write data from/to
files in Python Programs CO4: Structure simple Python programs using libraries,
modules etc. CO5: Structure a program by bundling related properties and
behaviors into individual objects.
TEXT BOOKS:
Reema Thareja, “Python Programming using Problem Solving
Approach”, Oxford University Press, First edition, 2017
2. Allen B. Downey, “Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer
Scientist”, Second Edition, Shroff, O‘Reilly Publishers, 2016
(http://greenteapress.com/wp/thinkpython/
3. Guido van Rossum, Fred L. Drake Jr., “An Introduction to Python –
Revised and Updated for Python 3.2, Network Theory Ltd., First
edition, 2011
4. John V Guttag, “Introduction to Computation and Programming
Using Python”, Revised and Expanded Edition, MIT Press, 2013 5.
Charles Dierbach, “Introduction to Computer Science using Python”,
Wiley India Edition, First Edition, 2016
A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)
 II YEAR / III SEMESTER COURSE DATA SHEET

PROGRAM :COMPUTER APPLICATION DEGREE: MCA

COURSE: Python SEMESTER: 01 CREDITS: 01

COURSE CODE: MC4103 COURSE TYPE: CORE

REGULATION: 2021
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: COMPUTER CONTACT HOURS: 4 hours/Week.
APPLICATION
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE : AI3312 LAB COURSE NAME:
SYLLABUS: PYTHONPROGRAMINGLABORATORY
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
UNIT I BASICS OF PYTHON

Introduction to Python Programming – Python Interpreter and

I 9
Interactive Mode– Variables and Identifiers – Arithmetic Operators
– Values and Types – Statements. Operators – Boolean Values –
Operator Precedence – Expression – Conditionals: If-Else
Constructs – Loop Structures/Iterative Statements – While Loop –
For Loop – Break Statement-Continue statement – Function Call
and Returning Values – Parameter Passing – Local and Global
Scope – Recursive FUNCTION
UNIT II DATA TYPES IN PYTHON
Lists, Tuples, Sets, Strings, Dictionary, Modules: Module Loading
II and Execution – Packages – Making Your Own Module – The Python 9
Standard Libraries

UNIT III FILE HANDLING AND EXCEPTION HANDLING

Files: Introduction – File Path – Opening and Closing Files –
III 9
Reading and Writing Files –File Position –Exception: Errors and
Exceptions, Exception Handling, Multiple Exception
UNIT IV MODULES, PACKAGES AND FRAMEWORKS
Modules: Introduction – Module Loading and Execution – Packages
IV 9
– Making Your Own Module – The Python Libraries for data
processing, data mining and visualization- NUMPY, Pandas,
Matplotlib, Plotly-Frameworks- -Django, Flask, We
UNIT V OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON
Creating a Class, Class methods, Class Inheritance, Encapsulation,
V 9
Polymorphism, class method vs. static methods, Python object
persistence.
Total Hours: 45
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to
Anna University, Chennai-25 (An ISO 9001:2015
Certified Institution)

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

Reema Thareja, “Python Programming using Problem Solving Approach”,

Oxford University Press, First edition, 2017
2. Allen B. Downey, “Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer
Scientist”, Second Edition, Shroff, O‘Reilly Publishers, 2016
(http://greenteapress.com/wp/thinkpython/
3. Guido van Rossum, Fred L. Drake Jr., “An Introduction to Python –
Revised and Updated for Python 3.2, Network Theory Ltd., First edition,
2011
4. John V Guttag, “Introduction to Computation and Programming Using
Python”, Revised and Expanded Edition, MIT Press, 2013
5. 5. Charles Dierbach, “Introduction to Computer Science using Python”,
Wiley India Edition, First
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: (If any )

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM

 NO 02
To develop Python programs with conditionals, loops and functions.  To use Python data
structures – lists, tuples, dictionaries.  To do input/output with files in Python  To use
modules, packages and frameworks in python  To define a class with attributes and methods in
py

COURSE OUTCOMES:
 On completion of the course the student
would be able to : CO1: Develop algorithmic
solutions to simple computational problems
CO2: Represent compound data using Python
lists, tuples and dictionaries. CO3: Read and
write data from/to files in Python Programs
CO4: Structure simple Python programs using

modules etc. CO5: Structure a program by

bundling related properties and behaviors into
individual objects.ta
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

COURSE OUTCOMES VS POS MAPPING (DETAILED; HIGH:3; MEDIUM:2; LOW:1):

PO/PSO Course Outcome Overall
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 Correlation of
COs with POs
PROGRAMOUTCOMES(PO)
PO1 Knowledge of Engineering
3 3 3 3 3 3
Sciences
PO2 Problem analysis 2 1 2 1 2 2
PO3 Design/development of solutions 2 2 2 2 2 2
PO4 Investigation 1 1 1 1 1 1
PO5 Modern Tool Usage - 1 1 1 1 1
PO6 Individual and Team work 1 1 1 1 1 1
PO7 Communication 2 - - 2 1 1
PO8 Engineer and Society - - - - - -
PO9 Ethics - - - - - -
PO10 Environment and Sustainability - - - - - -
PO11 Project Management and Finance - - - - - -
PO12 Life Long Learning 1 1 1 1 1 1
PROGRAM PECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO)
PSO1 To bring expertise in design and
2 2 1 2 2 2
engineering problem solving
approach in agriculture with proper
knowledge and skill
PSO2 To enhance the ability of students
to formulate solutions to real-world 1 1 1 1 1 1
problems pertaining to sustained
agricultural productivity using
modern technologies.
PSO3 To inculcate entrepreneurial skills
through strong Industry-Institution 1 1 1 1 1 1
linkage.

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS, POs:

SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED ACTIONS
1 Soil Organisms and the carbon cycles Assignment

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS / ASSIGNMENT / INDUSTRY VISIT / GUEST

LECTURER / NPTEL ETC.
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:

1 Brief description of important rocks

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:

1

DELIVERY/ INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

 CHALK & ✓ STUD. ☐ WEB RESOURCES ☐ NPTEL/OTHERS
TALK ASSIGNMENT
✓ LCD/SMART  STUD. ☐ ADD-ON ☐ WEBNIARS
BOARDS SEMINARS COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
✓ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ✓ TESTS/MODEL ✓ END SEMESTER
EXAMS EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
PRACTICES PROJECTS
☐ ADD-ON ☐ OTHERS
COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
✓ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES ✓ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY ☐ OTHERS
EXT. EXPERTS

INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING / LEARNING / EVALUATION PROCESSES:

1. Video course for phase relationship and soil compaction

Prepared by Approved by
(Faculty) (HOD)
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ANDTECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

Lesson plan : Tamilmangai

Subject Code & Name : MC4103 python

Year / Semester : 1/11
Degree & Brance : MCA
Lecture Hours

Unit No. of Hrs Allotted as per syllabus No. of Hrs Planned

Unit - I 9 11
Unit – II 9 11
Unit – III 9 10
Unit – IV 9 10
Unit – V 9 9
Total No. of Hrs 45 51

Objectivices
Sl. Proposed Prop Actual Actual Delivery B
No. Date ose Topic(s) Date Hours Methods oo
d k
Ho Re
urs fer
re
d
UNIT I BASICS OF PYTHON

introduction to Python
1. 1 Programming – Python Interpreter 1 BB
and Interactive Mode– Variables
and Identifierdse

2. 1 Arithmetic 1 PPT T1
Operators –
Values and
Types –
Statements.
Operators –
Boolean Values
– Operator
Precedence –
Expression –
Conditionals:
If-Else
Constructs –
Loop
3. 1 Loop 1 PPT T1
Structures/Iter
ative
Statements –
While Loop –
For Loop –
 Break
Statement-
Continue
statement –
4. 1 Function Call 1 BB T1,R1
and Returning
Values –
Parameter
Passing – Local
5. 1 – Local and 1 BB T1,R1
Global Scope –
Recursive F
l
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

UNIT II DATA TYPES IN PYTHON

13. 2 Lists tuples 2 BB T1

14. 2Sets, 2 BB T1
Strings,
Dictionar
y,
Modules
15. 2 Module 2 BB T1
Loading
and
Executio
n: Errors
and
Exceptio
ns,
16. 1 Exceptio 1 BB T1
n
Handling
,
17. 1 Multiple 1 BB T1
Exceptio
n
UNIT III FILE HANDLING AND EXCEPTION HANDLING

23. 1 Files: Introduction – File Path 1 PPT T1

24. 1 Opening and Closing Files 1 PPT T1

25. 1 Reading and Writing Files 1 PPT T1,R2

26. 1 –File Position –Exception: 1 PPT T1

27. 1 Errors and Exceptions, 1 PPT T1,R2

28.
1 Exception Handling, Multiple 1 PPT T1,R2
Exceptions
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ANDTECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution

UNIT IV MODULES, PACKAGES AND FRAMEWORKS

33 Modules: 1 PPT T1
. Introduction –
Module
Loading and
Execution
34 2 Packages – Making Your Own Module 2 PPT T1
.
35 2 The Python Libraries for data 2 PPT T1
. processing,
36 1 data mining and visualization 1 PPT T1
.
37 1 NUMPY, Pandas, 1 PPT T1,R2
.
38 1 Matplotlib, Plotly-Frameworks- 1 PPT T1,R2
.
39 2 Django, Flask, Web2Py 2 PPT T1
.

UNIT V OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON

1 Creating a Class,
43
1 PPT T1
.
44 1 Class methods 1 PPT T1
.
45 Class Inheritance,
. 1 1 PPT T1

46 1 Encapsulation 1 PPT T1,R3

.
2 Polymorphism
47
2 PPT T1
.
48 2 class method 2 PPT T1
.
49 1 vs. static methods, Python object 1 PPT T1
. persistence.

OUTCOMES:

On completion of the course the student would be able to

CO1: Develop algorithmic solutions to simple computational problems
CO2: Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples and dictionaries.
CO3: Read and write data from/to files in Python Program
CO4: Structure simple Python programs using libraries, modules etc.
CO5: Structure a program by bundling related properties and behaviors into individual objects.

A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

 Understand Concepts of bearing capacity and slope stability.

TEXT BOOKS:
Reema Thareja, “Python Programming using Problem Solving Approach”,
Oxford University Press, First edition, 2017
2. Allen B. Downey, “Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist”,
Second Edition, Shroff, O‘Reilly Publishers, 2016
(http://greenteapress.com/wp/thinkpython/
3. 3. Guido van Rossum, Fred L. Drake Jr., “An Introduction to Python –
Revised and Updated for Python 3.2, Network Theory Ltd., First edition,
2011
4. 4. John V Guttag, “Introduction to Computation and Programming Using
Python”, Revised and Expanded Edition, MIT Press, 2013
5. 5. Charles Dierbach, “Introduction to Computer Science using Python”,
Wiley India Edition, First Edition, 2016

Faculty Signature Head of the Department

 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-
25 (An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

II YEAR / III SEMESTER

STUDENTS NAMELIST

S.N Register Student Name

o Number
1 820124622001 Arunmozhi .p
2 820124622002 AVANTHIYA.R
3 820124622003 JAYASRI.M
4 820124622004 KABI.D
5 820124622005 KAVIYA.V
6 820124622006 PRIYANKA.B
7 820124622007 SOBIKA.B
8 820124622008 VISHALINI.S
9 820124622009 AISWARYA
10 820124622010 HARINI.K
11 820124622011 KAVIYARASI.R
12 820124622012 MONIKA.K

n
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

TIME TABLE FOR ACADEMIC YEAR (2023- 2024) - ODD SEMESTER

PROGRAMME : PYTHON

YEAR / SEMESTER :II/III LECTURER HALL NUMBER : - 14

NAME OF THE SUBJECT : P Y T H O N

NAME OF THE FACULTY : MrsTAMILMAGAI

.DESIGNATION : Assistant Professor

01:50 03:30-
9:00- 9.50- 10:50- 11:40- 01:00- 02:45-

LUNCH BREAK 12.30PM- 01.00PM

- 04:15
TIME 9.50 10.40 11:40 12:30 01:50 03:30
BREAK 10.40AM TO 10.50 AM

02:35

BREAK 02.35-PM– 02.45 PM

DAY/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PERIOD
MON PSSE

TUE PSSE

WED

THU PSSE

FRI PSSE

Faculty Signature HOD/Agri

 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-
25 (An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

MC4103 PYTHON PROGRAMMING

LECTURE NOTES

UNIT I :BASICS OF PYTHON

Introduction to Python Programming – Python Interpreter and Interactive Mode–

Variables and Identifiers – Arithmetic Operators – Values and Types – Statements.
Operators – Boolean Values – Operator Precedence – Expression – Conditionals: If-
Else Constructs – Loop Structures/Iterative Statements – While Loop – For Loop –
Break Statement-Continue statement – Function Call and Returning Values –
Parameter Passing – Local and Global S–

Python programing
Python is a versatile, high-level, general-purpose programming language
known for its readability and ease of learning. It's widely used in web development, data science,
machine learning, and more. Python's design emphasizes code readability, using indentation for
code blocks. It's an interpreted language, meaning code can be executed as soon as it's written,
facilitating quick prototyping.

Key Features of Python:

Readability:

Python's syntax is simple and resembles English, making it easy to understand and learn.

Interpreted Language:

Python executes code line by line, allowing for easy debugging and testing.

Object-Oriented:

Python supports object-oriented programming, allowing code to be organized into reusable objects.
Extensive Libraries:

Python has a vast standard library and a large ecosystem of third-party libraries for various tasks, including
web development, data analysis, and machine learning.

Cross-Platform:

Python runs on various operating systems, including Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Dynamically Typed:

Python does not require explicit type declarations; the type of a variable is determined during runtime.

Why Python is Popular:

Ease of Learning:

Python's simple syntax and readability make it a popular choice for beginners.

Versatility:

Python is used in a wide range of applications, from web development to data science.

Large Community:

Python has a large and active community, providing ample resources and support.

Strong Job Market:

Python developers are in high demand, especially in fields like AI and data science.

Getting Started with Python:

1. Install Python:
Download and install the latest version of Python from the official website.

2. Choose an IDE:

Use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like VS Code, PyCharm, or IDLE for writing and running
Python code.

3. Learn the Basics:

Start with fundamental concepts like variables, data types, operators, and control flow.

4. Practice:

Work on small projects to solidify your understanding and gain practical experience.

5. Explore Libraries:

Dive into Python's standard library and explore libraries for your specific interests, such as web development
with Django or Flask, or data analysis with Pandas.

Introduction to Python - W3Schools

Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language. Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with
fewer ...

W3Schools

Python For Beginners | Python.org

Installing. Installing Python is generally easy, and nowadays many Linux and UNIX distributions include a recent Python. Even
some...

Python

Python Tutorial | Learn Python Programming Language

6 days ago — Python provides popular Web Development, AI/ML, Data Science

Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators in Python are symbols that perform mathematical operations on
operands. These operators are fundamental for performing calculations and are used extensively
in programming. Here's a summary of common arithmetic operators in Python:
Addition (+): Adds two operands.

While Loop
 View all

The while loop in Python executes a block of code repeatedly as long as a specified condition
remains true. It is useful when the number of iterations is not known in advance. The baxsic
synta of a while

For loop in Python

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a
string). This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages, and works more like an iterator
method as found in other object-orientated programming languages.

Local and Global Scope

In programming, local scope refers to the area of code where a variable is defined
and accessible, usually within a function or a block of code. Global scope, on the other hand,
means the variable is accessible throughout the entire program, regardless of where it's
declared. In essence, local variables are temporary, while global variables are available for the
program's lifetime.

Break statement

The break statement in Python is a control flow statement that terminates

the loop prematurely, transferring control to the statement immediately following the loop. It can be
used within both for and while loops. When encountered, the break statement halts the
current iteration and exits the loop entirely, regardless of whether the loop condition is still met or if
there are remaining elements to process.

Python

for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break # Exit the loop when i is 5
print(i)
# Output: 0 1 2 3 4

i = 0
while i < 10:
if i == 5:
break # Exit the loop when i is 5
print(i)
i += 1
# Output: 0 1 2 3 4

In nested loops, the break statement only exits the innermost loop in which it is placed. To exit
multiple levels of nested loops, alternative strategies such as flags or functions may be employed.

Python

for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
if i == 1 and j == 1:
break # Exit the inner loop only
print(i, j)
# The outer loop continues after the inner loop breaks
# Output:
# 0 0
# 0 1
# 0 2
# 1 0
# 2 0
# 2 1
# 2 1
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

MC4103 PYTHON PROGRAMMING

UNIT-1

BASCIS OF PYTHON

1. Define major components of soil

2. What are the physical properties of soil?
3. Why texture of soil important
4. Define air content and percentage air content in soil.
5. Define porosity.
6. Define specific gravity of soil and list methods to determine it.
7. What are the properties of montmornilite mineral?
8. Discuss about water content of a soil mass
9. Differentiate between plasticity and consistency.
10. Discuss the types of soil moisture and its importance in plant growth.
11. Identify the minerals which are present in soil.
12. List major mineral present in clay and sand. And what mineral in present in
red soil
13. Derive the relationship between void ratio and porosity.
14. Why Ion exchange property of soil is identified
15. List methods to improve the quality of soil.
16. List methods to identify permeability of soil
17. What is water holding capacity of soil?
18. Which mineral in clay causes volume change behavior, how is it controlled?
19. Sketch the influence of temperature of soil property and its behavior.
20. Define soil collides
21. List methods of determining soil pH.
22. Differentiate porosity and void ratio
23. Define Liquid Limit
24. Differentiate saturated density and submerged density
25. Define plant nutrients

PART-B

1. Explain various soil moisture and effect of capillarity.

2. Discuss the physical properties of soil in detail.
3. Brief the methods of soil profiling and soil logging
4. Explain how a seismic testing of soil profile is done.
5. Explain how a Electrical resistivity testing of soil profile is done.
6. List various minerals present in soil and its uses.
7. Explain field and laboratory method of determination of density
 8. Derive the equation to derive specific gravity using pyconometer method.
What are the other methods to determine specific gravity.
9. Explain field and laboratory method of determination of permeability.
10. Brief the procedure listed in IS code for determination of ion exchange
property of soil
11. List the clay minerals and its uses. Brief the chemical composition of the
clay minerals its arrangement and its effect on reaction with water
12. Brief the importance of organic and inorganic materials present in soil how
will it affect the plant growth.
13. List the procedure to test the plant nutrient availability.
14. How the direction movement of water affect permeability. Derive the
respective equations.
PART – C
1. Brief the chemical composition of the soil minerals its arrangement and its
effect on reaction with water.
2. Explain laboratory method of determination of permeability.
3. Brief methods of determining the ion exchange property of soil.

UNIT-II
SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND SURVEY

PART-A (2-MARKS)
1. Define A-line and its uses.
2. What are uses of survey report?
3. Why swell potential of soil an important character?
4. Define problem due to soil salinity.
5. Define base map.
6. Which mineral makes the soil problematic?
7. Define mapping units.
8. Discuss about soil suitability
9. Differentiate soil suitability and land capability.
10. Discuss the problem soils and give example.
11. Identify the land capability subclasses
12. List major characteristics of field mapping.
13. Derive the suitable method of classification for agricultural purpose.
14. Why preparation of survey reports important?
15. List major types of soil in Tamil Nadu.
16. List the land capability classes
17. What are major type of soil present in India?
18. Which mineral in clay causes volume change behavior, how is it controlled?
19. Sketch the methods of soil reclamation
20. Define the basis of soil taxonomy.
21. List methods of determining land capability.
22. Differentiate geological map and forest inventory map.
23. Define vegetation and land use map.
24. Differentiate aerial photography and remote sensing.
25. Define preparation of mapping legend.
 PART-B

1. Explain field mapping and its characteristics.

2. Discuss the preparation of base and survey report.
3. Brief the uses of aerial photography in soil survey
4. Explain geological map, vegetation and land uses map, forest inventory map.
5. Explain how a survey report helps in identifying plant nutrient.
6. List various condition of soil suitability.
7. Explain hydrometer analysis for identifying grain size of soil.
8. Derive on what basis the survey land capability classes and classes are done.
9. Explain problems faced in clay soil and list the remedial measures
10. Brief the procedure for identifying land capability.
11. Brief IS soil classification for clay soil.
12. Brief the properties of soil present in Tamil Nadu and India.
13. List the methods of soil survey and brief its procedure.
14. List the problematic soil and the remedial process for it.

PART C

1. Explain IS method of soil classification

2. Brief the method of classification of soil which is helpful for agricultural
purpose.
3. Brief the preparation of base map and survey report.
4. List the land capability, classes and subclasses.

UNIT- III

PHASE RELATIONSHIP AND SOIL COMPACTION

PART-A (2-MARKS)

1. Define degree of saturation and shrinkage ratio.

2. What are the Atterberg‟s limits? List its types.
3. If the volume of voids is equal to the volume of solids in a given soil sample,
Find void ratio and porosity.
4. Define Submerged unit weight of soil.
5. Define compaction.
6. Define Optimum Moisture content.
7. Define plasticity index and flow index.
8. Discuss about Shrinkage limit and its effect on volume change.
9. Differentiate between plasticity and consistency.
10. The natural water content of an excavated soil from the borrow pit is 35%.
Its liquid limit is 65% and plasticity limit is 25%. Determine the Liquidity
Index of the soil and comment about the consistency of the soil.
11. A compacted sample of soil with a bulk unit weight of 19.62kN/m3 has a
water content of 15 percent. Calculate its dry density, degree of saturation
and air content? Assume G = 2.65.
12. What is a zero air voids line?Draw a compaction curve and show the zero air
voids line.
13. Derive the relationship between void ratio and porosity.
14. State whether the following statement is true or false and justify your
answer. The efficiency of compaction improves with increase in compactive
effort
15. List any four equipment/ methods for field compaction of Soil.
16. Compose a relation for γsat with G, γw and e.
17. A dry clay has a mass of 30g and volume of 15cc, What will be the
shrinkage limit if the specific gravity of solids is 2.65
18. Draw the phase diagram for completely dry and fully saturated soil mass.
19. Two clay samples A and B have the following properties: Which of the clays
A or B would experience larger settlement under identical loads? Conclude
with your comments by classifying the soils.
20. List various factors affecting compaction.
21. Differentiate porosity and void ratio
22. Define Liquid Limit
23. Difference between modified and standard compaction test.
24. Dry unit weight of soil is 13.75KN/m3 and water content is 17%.Determine
the bulk unit weight.

PART B

1. Explain Indian Standard soil classification system.

2. (i) By three phase soil system, show that the degree of saturation S (as ratio)
in terms of mass unit weight(γ), void ratio (e),specific gravity of soil
grains(G) and unit weight of water (γw) is given by theexpression: (6)
(ii) A compacted cylindrical specimen 50 mm diameter and 100 mm long is
to be prepared from dry soil. If the specimen is required to have a water
content of 15% and the percentage of air voids is 20, calculate the weight of
soil and water required in the preparation of soil where specific
gravity=2.69.
3. In an earth dam under construction, the bulk unit weight is 16.5 kN/m3 at
water content 11%. If the water content has to be increased to 15%, compute
the quantity of water to be added per cu.m of soil. Assume no change in
void ratio. Determine the degree of saturation at this water content. Take G
= 2.7.
4. A partially saturated soil from an earth fill has a natural water content of
22% and a bulk unit weight of 19 kN/m3 . Assuming the specific gravity of
soil solids as 2.65, compute the degree of saturation and void ratio. If
subsequently the soil gets saturated, determine the dry density, buoyant unit
weight and saturated unit weight. (8)
5. Sandy soil in a borrow pit has unit weight of solids as 25.8kN/m3 , water
content equal to11% and bulk unit weight equal to 16.4kN/m3 . How many
cubic meter of compacted fill could be constructed of 3500m3 of sand
excavated from the borrow pit, if the required value of porosity in the
compacted fill is 30%. Also calculate the change in degree of saturation.
6. Explain the IS soil classification system for soil.
7. A laboratory compaction test on soil having G= 2.67 gave a
maximumdryunitweightof17.8KN/m3andawatercontentof BT- 5 Evaluate
15%. Determine the degree of saturation, air content and percentage air
voids at the maximum dry unit weight. What would be theoretical maximum
dry unit weight corresponding to zero air voids at the optimum water
content?
8. In its natural condition, a soil sample has a mass of 22.9 N and a volume of
1.15 x 10-3 m3 . After being completely dried in the oven sample weighs
20.35 N. Find bulk density, water content, void ratio, porosity, degree of
saturation, air content, drydensity and percentage air voids.

PART – C
1. A soil mass in its natural state is partially saturated having a water content of
17.5 percent and void ratio of 0.87. Determine the degree of saturation, total
unit weight, dry unit weight what is the weight of water required to make a
mass of 10 m3 volume to get saturated assume G = 2.69.
2. Test on a soil sample from a borrow area resulted specific gravity of 2.7,
void ration = 0.65 and water content of 15%. What is the quantity of soil
required to construct an embankment volume of 8000 m3, if the borrow
materials compacted to achieve maximum dry density of 18 kN/m3 at a
moisture content 18%. Calculate addition quantity of water required for
every cubic meter of compacted soil.
3. A sample of clay was coated with paraffin wax and its mas, including the
mass of wax, was found to be 697.5 g. The sample was immersed in water
and the volume of the water displaced was found to be 355 ml. The mass of
the sample without wax was 690 g, and the water content of the
representative specimen was 18%. Determine the bulk density, dry density,
void ratio and the degree of saturation. The specific gravity of the solids was
2.7 and that of the wax was 0.89.

UNIT-IV - ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOIL

PART-A (2-MARKS)

1. Define Cohesion
2. What do you meant by Thixotropy?
3. What is the effect of pore pressure on shear strength of soil?
4. What is angle of internal friction?
5. Why triaxial shear test is considered better than direct shear test?
6. When is vane shear test adopted? Write the expressions to determine the
shear strength of soil.
7. Show the coulomb‟s expression for shear strength.
8. Show the diagram of strength envelopes for fully saturated clay subjected to
CD test and fully saturated sand subjected to UU test.
9. Classify the types of shear test based on drainage conditions?
10. Define permeability
11. What are the factors affecting permeability?
12. State Darcy‟s law
13. Write down the Mohr‟s-Coulomb failure criterion for soils and explain the
terms involved.
14. List out the advantages of direct shear test.
15. Examine and give one example each of the use of CU strength and CD
strength results in engineering practice.
16. Examine and conclude whether the following statement is true or false. On
the failure plane, the shear stress is maximum.
17. Explain the merits of triaxial test.
18. List out the methods of drawing flow net
19. Draw the Mohr's Circle diagram for UCC test and mention the salient features
20. Draw the typical stress-strain curve for specimens failed by brittle failure
and plastic failure.
21. What is Quick sand condition? List the conditions for the occurrence of
quick sand condition.
22. Discuss the disadvantages of direct shear test.
23. Draw the strength envelope for a fully saturated clay for CD and UU test
24. List out the shear stress parameters
25. Explain the demerits of triaxial test.
 PART-B

1. A direct shear test was performed on 60 mm x 60 mm sample of dry sand.

The normal load was 360 N. The failure occurred at a shear load of 180 N.
Plot the Mohr strength envelope and determine ϕ. Assume c = 0. Also,
Identify the principal stressesat failure.
2. Describe the Vane Shear test in detail and classify the methods adopted in
this test-Fully Submerged Vane and Partially Submerged Vane.
3. Describe the Unconfined Pumping Out Flow and determine the coefficient
of permeability of soil. Also explain Draw Down Curve.
4. In a triaxial test, a soil specimen was consolidated under a cell pressure of
200 kPa and simultaneously a back pressure of 100 kPa is applied to saturate
the specimen .Thereafter, with drainage prevented, the cell pressure was
raised to 250 kPa resulting in an increased pore pressure of 149kPa.
Maintaining the same cell pressure of 250 kPa, now the deviator stress was
increased to 170 kPaandporepressureof220kPawasobserved.Identifythepore
pressure
parameters A and B.
5. Describe in detail with neat sketches, the field determination of permeability
6. In a falling head permeability test the length and area of cross section of soil
specimen are 0.17 m and 21.8x10-4m2 respectively. Calculate the time
required for the head to drop from 0.25 m to 0.10 m. The area of cross
section of stand pipe is 2.0 x 10-4 m2 . The sample has three layers with
permeabilities 3 x 10-5 m/sec for first 0.06 m, 4 x 10- 5 m/sec for second
0.06 m and 6 x 10- 5 m/sec for the third 0.05 m thickness. Assume the flow
is taking place perpendicular to the bedding plane.

PART – C

1. Explain the triaxial shear tests based on drainage and their applicability. Mention
its merits and demerits.
2. An embankment consists of clay fill for which c'=25 kN/m2 and ϕ'=27° (from
consolidated undrained tests with pore-pressure measurement). The average bulk
unit weight of the fill is 20 kN/m3 . Estimate the shear-strength of the material on
a horizontal plane at a point 20 m below the surface to the embankment, if the
pore pressure at this point is 180 kN/m2 as shown by a piezometer.
3. Explain in detail with neat sketches, the laboratory determination of permeability
methods.

UNIT-V - BEARING CAPACITY AND SLOPE STABILITY

PART-A (2-MARKS)

1. Define local shear failure and General shear failure

2. Define Co-efficient of volume change and volume change.
3. What do you understand primary consolidation and secondary consolidation.
4. Classify the components of settlement
5. Define Co-efficient of settlement.
6. Examine the factors consider in seismic design of shallow foundation.
7. List the requirement of good foundation
8. Compare Immediate Settlement and consolidation settlement.
9. Sketch the slip circle for a failure plane in a slope and show the forces
involved.
10. Explain critical depth.
11. Identify when and where the circular failure surface is mobilized.
12. Write the expression for FOS for friction.
13. Why circular failure surface is mobilized?
14. Distinguish between finite slope and infinite slope.
15. Classify the different modes of failure of finite and infinite slopes.
16. List the three forces acting in circular failure while analysing through
friction circle method?
17. A cuffing is to be made in clay for which the cohesion is 350 kN/m2 ; Bulk
unit weight is 20 kN/m3 , Determine the maximum depth for a cutting of
side slope 1.5 to 1. Factor of safety to be 1.5. Take the stability number as
0.17.
18. Evaluate the maximum depth of soil having undrained cohesion is 50kN/m2
, Unit weight of soil is 19kN/m3 , Stability number is 0.20.
19. Elaborate the effect of depth of failure surface on the stability of infinite
slope in Cohesionless soil.
20. Discuss about the three critical conditions for which the stability analysis of
an earth dam is carried out.
21. Give the expression for stability number.
22. Define infinite slope.
23. Develop points on various slope protection measures.
24. Write the expression for FOS for cohesion.
25. When will you adopt friction circle method?

PART B

1. An R.C. Column footing 2.26 m in square shape is to rest 1.5 m below level
ground level is on cohesive soil. The unit weight is 17.6kN/m3 . What is the
safe load if cohesion is 30kN/m3 Factor of safety 2.4? Angle of internal
friction 33° by IS code.
2. How to find the bearing capacity from Standard penetration test and static
cone penetration test? BT-1 Remembering 3.
3. A square footing located at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface in
Cohesionless soil carries a column load of 1280 kN. The soil is submerged
having an effective unit weight of 11.5 kN/m3 and an angle of shearing
resistance of 300. Show and find the size of the footing for Fs = 3 by
Terzaghi’s theory of general shear failure
4. In a plate bearing test on pure clayey soil failure occurred at a load of 12.2
tonnes. The size of the plate was 45 cm x 45 cm and the test was one at a
depth of 1.0 m below ground level. Calculate the ultimate bearing capacity
for a 1.5 m wide continuous wall footing with its base at a depth of 2m
below ground level. The unit wt. of clay may be taken as 1.9 gm/ c.c.
5. A plate load test was conducted with a 30 cm square plate at a depth of 1.2
m below the ground level, in a cohesive soil having Ф = 0. The failure was
observed at a load of 36 kN. The water table was observed to be at a depth
of
4.7 m below ground surface.Compute the ultimate bearing capacity for a strip
footing, 1m wide with its base located at the same level as the test plate, and
in the same soil. Take the bulk unit weight of the soil as 16.8 kN/m3 . Also,
calculate the safe bearing capacity of factor at a safety of 3.
6. A strip footing 2m wide carries a load intensity of 400 kN/m2 at a depth of
1.2 m in sand. The saturated unit weight of sand is 19.5 kN/m3 and unit weight
above water table is 16.8 kN/m3. The shear strength parameters are C=0 and
Ф = 350 . Determine the factor of safety with respect to shear failure for the
following cases of location of water table (a) Water table is 4m below G.L
(b)
 Water table is 1.2 m below G.L (c) Water table is 2.5 m below G.L (d)
Water table is 0.5 m below G.L (e) Water table is G.L itself
7. Discuss about the Plate load test for determining the Bearing capacity of
foundation and How do you estimate the settlement of a footing on sand
using the results of a plate load test?
8. An infinite slope made of soil with c' =20 kPa, ϕ = 20°, e = 0.65 and G=2.7
is 10m high. The slope angle is 25°. Find the factor of safety with respect to
height for the following conditions a. When the soil is dry b. When the slope
issubmerged.
9. List the techniques used to improve the stability of slopes in brief.
10. An embankment of 10m high is inclined at 35°to the horizontal. A stability
analysis by method of slices gives the following forces: Total normal forces
= 900 kN; total tangential force = 420 kN; total neutral force= 200kN. If the
length of the failure arc is 23m, examine the FOS with respect to shear
strength. The soil has C= 20 kN/m2 and ϕ = 15°.
11. Analyze the stability of soil using friction circle method with neat sketch.

PART C

1. Explain terzaghi’s analysis of bearing capacity of soil in general shear

failure with assumptions
2. A footing of 3m x 3m is to be constructed at a site at a depth of 1.5 m below
ground level. The water table is at the base level of foundation. The average
static cone penetration resistance obtained at the site is 20 kg/m2 . The soil
is cohesive determine the safe bearing capacity for a settlement of 40 mm.
3. Briefly explain about the method of analysis of finite slopes.
4. A cut 9 m deep is to be made in clay with a unit weight of 18 kN/m3 and
cohesion of 27 kN/m2 . A hard Stratum exists at a depth of 18 m below the
ground surface. Determine from Taylor‟scharts
ifa300slopeisSafe.Ifafactorofsafetyof1.50isdesired, examine the safe angle
of slope?

**********
A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-
25 (An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AI3301 PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION

PAPERS ( PHOTO COPY)
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AI3301 PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPERS WITH ANSWER KEY

Date: Session: AN
Time: Max Marks: 100

PART A (10×2=20 MARKS)

 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AI3301 PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT NO: 1
GIVEN DATE: TARGET DATE:
BATCH REGISTER. NO NAME ASSIGNMENT CO
TOPIC
820122225001 ABIMANYU V
1 820122225002 ABINAYA P Soil Forming minerals
820122225004 ANANYA M and process
820122225005 ARAVINDH R
2 820122225006 ARCHANA R Soil Profile
820122225007 ATCHAYA S
820122225008 BHUVANESH A
3 820122225009 BHUVANESWARI M Soil properties
820122225010 BUVANESHWARI R
820122225011 DEEPIKA I
4 820122225012 DURGADEVI S Soil colour
820122225013 HARISH S
820122225014 JANANI M
5 820122225015 JEEPIKA K Soil water
820122225017 KARUNYA DEVI M
820122225018 KRISHNAPRIYA R
6 820122225019 MUNISHWARAN S Soil colloids
820122225020 NITHIYANANDHAM E
820122225021 PARIJATHAM S
7 820122225022 PRASANNA SRI A Soil taxonomy
820122225024 SRIRAM K
8201222250025 SURENDAR M
8 820122225026 YOUTHNATHAN V Soil Survey

Faculty Incharge HOD/CSE

HANDWRITTEN SAMPLE COPY
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AI3301 PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT NO: 2

GIVEN DATE: TARGET DATE:

BATCH REGISTER. NO NAME ASSIGNMENT TOPIC CO

820122225001 ABIMANYU V
1 820122225002 ABINAYA P Field Mapping 1
820122225004 ANANYA M
820122225005 ARAVINDH R
2 820122225006 ARCHANA R Preparation of survey report 1
820122225007 ATCHAYA S
820122225008 BHUVANESH A
3 820122225009 BHUVANESWARI M Land classes and subclasses 2
820122225010 BUVANESHWARI R
820122225011 DEEPIKA I
4 820122225012 DURGADEVI S Soil suitability 2
820122225013 HARISH S
820122225014 JANANI M
5 820122225015 JEEPIKA K Engineering classification 3
820122225017 KARUNYA DEVI M soil
820122225018 KRISHNAPRIYA R
6 820122225019 MUNISHWARAN S Soil compaction 2
820122225020 NITHIYANANDHAM
E
820122225021 PARIJATHAM S
7 820122225022 PRASANNA SRI A Shear strength of cohesive 4
820122225024 SRIRAM K and cohesionless
8201222250025 SURENDAR M 2
8 820122225026 YOUTHNATHAN V Coulomb failure theory

Faculty Incharge HOD/CIVIL

HANDWRITTEN SAMPLE COPY
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AI3301 PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Course Code & Name: AI3301 Principles of soil science and Academic Year : 2023-
engineering
Department: Agricultural Engineering 2024 Date :
Year / Semester: II / 03

In Internal Assessment 1, 2 students are identified as a slow

Description of the Problem
learners

Evidence Observed Test paper analysis

Potential Impact of the If it continues, they may got poor marks in their end semester
Problem exams also

Conducting Extra Coaching for slow learners for making them

Remedial Actions Required
to got good marks in their exams

‫ٱ‬ ‫ٱ‬
Actions Completed
Date:
By : Ms. M. Narmada priyadarsini

Results :
Improvement Test can be conducted & the students cleared in retest are 2 students. At the end,
the number of slow learners is reduced from 2 to Nil.
HANDWRITTEN SAMPLE COPY
 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS

Name
N.Narmadha Academic 2023-2024
of the Designation AP
priyadarsini year (ODD SEM)
faculty
Year/ III / Principles of soil
SUB science and
Semester V Section -
Engineering

Soil Organisms and the carbon cycles

Title of the Content
To bridge that gap seminar was given to the students to
Proposed Action familiarize in the topics of Soil organisms and the carbon
cycles

Seminar has been given to the following students to bridge the gaps in the syllabus,

Reg. No. Name Topic

820122225006 ARCHANA R
820122225011 DEEPIKA I Soil Organisms

820122225024 SRIRAM K
8201222250025 SURENDAR M The carbon cycles

FACULTY IN-CHARGE HOD/Agri

 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

II YEAR / III SEMESTER
Content beyond the Syllabus
Name of the Ms.N.Narmada 2023-2024
Designation AP Academic Year
Faculty priyadharsini (ODD SEM)
Class/Year AE / 02 Sem 03 Section --
Principles of soil science and
Course Code Ai3301 Course Title
engineering
Title Brief description of important rocks

To give basic idea about the Important Rocks

Objectives

Outcomes To understand that the Rock cycle in earth’s crust

ROCKS
Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

Rocks are the materials that form the essential part of the Earth’s solid crust. A rock may be defined as a
hard mass of mineral matter comprising two or more rock forming minerals. Petrology (in Greek, petra
means rock, logos means science) deals with science of rocks. It consists of

a. Petrography which deals with the description of rocks.

b. Petrogenesis which is the study of the origin of rocks.

Formation of rocks:

 Cooling and consolidation of molten magma within or on the surface of earth results in the formation of
Igneous or Primary rocks
 Disintegration and decomposition lead to the breaking down of pre-existing rocks. Transportation and
cementation of primary rocks results in the formation of Sedimentary or Secondary rocks
 The primary and the secondary rocks when subjected to earth’s movement and to high temperature and
pressure are altered to new rocks called Metamorphic rocks
Classification of rocks

According to the mode of formation the rocks are divided into the following three main classes.
1. Igneous or Primary rocks
2. Sedimentary or Secondary rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks
1. Igneous rocks (primary or massive rocks)
These are first formed in the earth crust due to the solidification of molten magma. They are the source
of parent material for other rocks and ultimately for soils.
Based on the mode of origin Igneous rocks are classified as
 Extrusive rocks (or volcanic rocks)
These rocks are formed due to the consolidation of magma on the surface of the earth. The
magma, when flows on the Earth surface are called LAVA. eg. Basalt
 Intrusive rocks (or plutonic rocks)
These rocks are produced due to solidification of magma below the surface of the earth. These
intrusive rocks solidifies at greater depths. eg. Granite.
Based on chemical composition Igneous rocks may be divided into
 Acid rocks : > 65% silica (Granite, Rhyolite)
 Sub acid rocks : 60-65% silica (Syenite and Trachyte)
 Sub basic rocks : 55-60% silica (Diorite and Andesite)
 Basic rocks : 45-55% silica (Gabbro, Basalt)
2. Sedimentary rocks (Clastic or stratified rocks)
The sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments, derived from the breaking down of pre-existing
rocks. The sediments are transported to new places and deposited in new arrangements and cemented to form
secondary rocks. Sediments may contain various size particles cemented together by substances like SiO 2,
Fe2O3 or lime. These rocks are called as clastic rocks. Stratification is the most common feature of these rocks
and are also termed as stratified rocks.
 Based on the origin the sedimentary rocks are classified as

1. Residual: Laterite

Laterite is well known in Asian countries as a building material for more than 1000 years. It was excavated from
the soil and cut in form of large blocks; temples at Angkor are famous examples for this early use. At begin of the
19.century it obtained scientific interest when the English surgeon Francis Buchanan travelled along the western coast of
southern India and published his manifold observations and results. He coined the term laterite when he wrote (1807):
“What I have called indurated clay …is one of the most valuable materials for building. It is diffused in immense masses,
without any appearance of stratification and is placed over the granite that forms the basis of Malayala. It is full of cavities
and pores, and contains a very large quantity of iron in the form of yellow and red ochers. In the mass, while excluded
from the air, it is so soft, that any iron instrument readily cuts it, and is dug up in square masses with a pick-axe, and
immediately cut into the shape wanted with a trowel, or large knife. It very so after becomes as hard as brick, and resists
the air and water much better than any brick that I have seen in India. The most proper English name would be laterite,
from laterites, the appellation that may be given to it in science”. (The Latin word later means brick)

2. Transported

a. Deposited as solids in suspension : Sandstone, shale

b. Deposited by chemical precipitation : Limestone, ironstone

c. Deposited through agency of organic matter : Peat, Phosphatic deposits

Based on the grain size sedimentary rocks are classified as

1. Rocks with boulder pebbles sized minerals (Rudaceous) : Conglomerate

2. Rocks with sand size particles (Arenaceous) : Sandstone

3. Rocks with silt size particles (silt rocks) : Siltstone

4. Rocks with clay size particles (Argillaceous) : Shale

3. Metamorphic rocks
 These are formed from igneous and sedimentary rocks under the influence of heat, pressure, chemically active
liquids and gases. Changes may occur in mineral composition of rocks or texture or both. The change due to water is
called hydrometamorphism, due to heat is thermometamorphism and due to pressure is called dynamometamorphism.

Sand stone : Quartizite

Shale : Slate/mica, schist
Lime stone : Marble
Granite : granite gneiss
Dolerite : Hornblende gneiss

Relative abundance of rocks in earth’s crust

Composition of Earth’s crust as a whole

 Igneous Rocks - 95%

 Sedimentary Rocks - 5%
- Shales - (4.0%)
- - (0.75%)

Sands
tones
- - (0.025%)
Limes
tones
Composition of the upper 5 km of the Earth’s crust

 Sedimentary Rocks
Shales 52%

Sandstones 15% (74%)

Limestones and dolomite 7%

 Igneous Rocks

Granite 15%

Basalt 3%

 Others 8% (8%)

 Total 100
Rock Cycle
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF IMPORTANT ROCKS

♣ Mineralogical Composition

Igneous Rocks

S.No Rocks Origin Essential Common Average Remarks

minerals minerals specific
gravity

i. Granite Plutonic Quartz Hornblende, 2.64 Light

holocrystalline (20 to 30%) magnetite, mica coloured
white or
reddish

ii. Syenite Plutonic Quartz, Hornblende, 2.80 Light

Holocrystalline orthoclase magnetite, coloured
biotite white or
reddish

iii. Diorite Plutonic Quartz Hornblende, 2.85 Darker

Holocrystalline magnetite,
biotite

iv Gabbro Plutonic Labradorite, Hornblende, 3.0 Blackish

Holocrystalline augite, olivine ilmenite

v. Dolerite Hypabasal Labradorite, Hornblende, 3.0 Blackish

augite, olivine ilmenite

vi. Basalt Volcanic crystalline Labradorite, Hornblende, 3.0 Blackish

with glassy mass augite, olivine ilmenite
Sedimentary rocks

S.No Rock Mineral composition Colour and structure

1. Sandstone Mainly quartz with some CaCO3, iron oxides and clay Light to red, granular

2. Shale Clay minerals, quartz and some organic matter Light to dark thinly laminated

3. Limestone Mainly calcite with some dolomite, iron oxides, clay, Light grey to yellow, fine
phosphate and organic matter grained and compact

Metamorphic rocks

S.No. Rock Mineral composition Colour and structure

1. Gneiss Formed from granite Alternating light and dark colours, banded
and foliated

2. Schist Formed from basalt or As original rock, foliated

shale

3. Quartzite Formed from sandstone Light ot brown, compact and uniform

texture, foliated structure

4. Slate Formed from shale Grey to black, compact and uniform

texture, foliated structure

5. Marble Formed from lime stone Light red, green, black, compact fine to
coarse texture, foliated structure

Igneous Rock

Faculty Incharge HOD

 A.R.J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ANDTECHNOLOGY
Edayarnatham – Mannargudi.
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai-25
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING II YEAR / III
SEMESTER
Improvement Test 1 – Attendance

B.Tech - AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2023-2024 / ODD SEMESTER

SUBJECT CODE : AI3301
SUBJECT NAME: PRINCIPLES OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SUBJECT INCHARGE : Mrs.M.Narmada Priyadarsini

S.No Register Number Name Attendance

1 820122225001 ABIMANYU V
2 820122225013 HARISH S
3 820122225015 JEEPIKA K
4 820122225018 KRISHNAPRIYA R
5 820122225019 MUNISHWARAN S
6 820122225021 PARIJATHAM S
7 8201222250026 YOUTHNATHAN V

Faculty Incharge HOD