FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE

COMMISSION

PROMOTION EXAMS

PAST QUESTIONS &

ANSWERS

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 PUBLIC SERVICE RULES
Question 1: Your Colleague is about to retire from the Service, advising him on documents he shall
present to his Departmental Pension Officer.

Answer:

• Pension Paperwork: an Individual Benefit Statement that details the specific benefits that you
have earned and are eligible for.
• Beneficiary Designation Forms: Many accounts, such as Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs),
401(k)s, annuities, and insurance policies allow you to name a beneficiary who will receive those
assets when you die.
• Documents Needed When Applying for Social Security: The Social Security Administration will
need you to provide certain documents when filing for retirement or survivor benefits.
Documents they may request include your Social Security card, a certified copy of your birth
certificate, proof of citizenship if you were not born in the U.S., military discharge papers, a copy
of your marriage license or divorce papers, and a copy of your W-2 form (or selfemployment tax
return) for last year.
• Investment Paperwork: When transitioning into retirement, it is important to have current copies
of your account statements as well as options or restrictions associated with each account so you
can craft a distribution strategy that meets your needs while minimizing expense, hassle and
taxes.
• Health Care Paperwork: Your health benefits during retirement will likely come from multiple
sources. Those could include a former employer, Medicare, Medicaid, a Medicare supplement
policy, or a long-term care policy. Be sure to retain benefit summaries, contact information, and
policies associated with each. If you have not filed for Social Security benefits by age 65, you will
need to apply for Medicare. You can do this up to three months prior to your 65th birthday. When
applying, you will likely need to provide them with the same documents mentioned earlier for
Social Security applicants.
• Home Inventory: Many house fires or burglaries occur when the homeowner is away. When you
retire, you will likely spend more time traveling or at a second home than you did during your
working years. Because of this, it is important to inventory the contents of your home so that you
can more easily make insurance claims and rebuild your life if the unexpected happens.
• Insurance Policies: Many retirees have life insurance policies in order to replace income in the
event of a death, as a vehicle to build cash value, or for estate planning purposes. Make sure to
have current copies of your policies as well as contact information for the insurance company

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 so you can easily access cash value during life or so that your heirs can easily claim benefits if
something happens to you.
• Will/Trust: Most people need a will, regardless of the size of their estate, to control the passing
of property at death. Another tool to accomplish this while at the same time avoiding probate is
a Revocable Living Trust. As you enter retirement, you should meet with your attorney to put a
plan in place that passes your property to the correct people, designates the correct people to
take charge, and minimizes expense, hassle and taxes.
• Durable Power of Attorney for Finance and Health Care: A durable power of attorney for finance
is a simple and inexpensive legal document that authorizes a person you have chosen to step in
and manage your day-to-day financial decisions if you become incapacitated. Everyone needs this
document to provide for the ongoing management of their financial affairs if they cannot make
decisions for themselves.
• Tax Returns: work closely with a trusted tax adviser and then maintain your tax returns and
supporting documents for seven years. The IRS can look back three years for basic errors and six
if you underestimated income by more than 25 percent. As you can see, obtaining, understanding,
and organizing your key documents will not only help you to make informed decisions, but will
also facilitate a smooth transition into a rewarding and meaningful retirement.

Question 2: With the aid of the PSR, list five (5) ways an officer can retire from the
Public Service.

Answer:
• Voluntary retirement, Compulsory retirement and

• Mandatory retirement
Question 3: Mention ten (10) types of Leave you know in the Service.
Answer:

• Sick leave: Sick leave is time off given by the company to allow employees to recover from an
illness and take care of their health. Sick leaves are crucial to allow employees to get the rest they
need without worrying about losing pay. Sick leave is a mandatory requirement in many
countries to ensure the well-being of the employee.
• Casual leave: Casual leave is taken by an employee for travel, vacation, rest, and family events.
Such leaves are given to allow the employee to take time off for any life events they have like
traveling to another country or weddings they have to attend.
• Public holiday: Public holidays are days that are given as leave by the government. Such holidays
must be observed by every institution— schools, banks, government offices, and even private

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 companies. Public holidays include Independence Day, Memorial Day, Labor Day, bank holidays
and any nationally-recognized day like the death of a prominent leader of the country.
• Religious holidays: Christmas, Eid, Easter, Holi, Yom Kippur— your employee is sure to place
importance on religious holidays that they celebrate and would want the day off to spend time
with their family and observe the festival.
• Maternity leave: From taking care of the newborn to recovering from the delivery, maternity
leave is an important time for new mothers.
• Paternity leave: Paternity leave is granted to new fathers— husbands or partners of a pregnant
woman, surrogate parent, or someone who adopted a child— to take care of their newborns
without any worry.
• Bereavement leave: Losing a loved one is an unavoidable situation and in such events, employees
take sudden leave.
• Compensatory leave: Employees who have clocked in more hours than they were required to can
be eligible for compensatory days off.
• Sabbatical leave: Simply put, sabbatical leaves are “a break from work” where employees can
pursue interests they have or take time off for physical and mental health reasons.
• Unpaid Leave (or leave without pay): Now, if your employee has exceeded the number of leaves
they were eligible for and are taking a leave that doesn’t fall under special leaves like maternity
or bereavement leave, they can still take a leave with a pay cut.

Question 4: a. Define Maternity Leave and Sick Leave with the aid of the PSR.

Answer:
Rule- 100217 defined Maternity leave as the authorized absence from duty of a serving
female officer granted by a superior officer on account of pregnancy covering the prenatal
and postnatal periods. A female officer that is pregnant is entitled to 16 weeks maternity
leave at a stretch beginning not less than 4 weeks from the expected date of delivery with full
pay. The officer is must present a medical certificate indicating the expected date of
confinement two months before that date( see Rule- 100218).
Sick leave: Sick leave is time off given by the company to allow employees to recover from an illness
and take care of their health. Sick leaves are crucial to allow employees to get the rest they need
without worrying about losing pay. Sick leave is a mandatory requirement in many countries to
ensure the well-being of the employee.

b) What is the period of Maternity Leave for a pregnant mother and time off for a
nursing mother?

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Answer:
Any female officer who is nursing a child shall be granted two hours off-duty every day. This
facility shall be granted up to a maximum period of six months from the date she resumes
duty from maternity leave (Rule- 100219

Question 5.
a) With the aid of the PSR, define “Duty Tour Allowance” (DTA).
Answer:
Duty Tour allowance is granted to enable officers pay for lodging and feeding expenses during official tours
duly approved by the official authority. The rates applicable are as may be specified in the extant circular
(130106).

b) Mention ten (10) types of allowances payable to the officer in the Public Service.

Answer:
The following allowances are payable to officers in the Federal Public Service (130102)
(a) Kilometres Allowance;
(b)Disengagement Allowance;
(c)Hotel Accommodation Allowance;
(d)Duty Tour Allowance;
(e)Transport and Local Running Allowance;
(f)Estacode Allowance;
(g)Estacode Supplementary Allowance;
(h)Warm Clothing Allowance;
(i)Local Course Allowance;
(j)Books Allowance;
(k)Projects Allowance;
(l)Responsibility Allowance;
(m)Overtime Allowance;
(n)Uniform Allowance;
(o)Call Duty Allowance;
(p)Acting Allowance;
(q)Resettlement Allowance;
(r)Teaching Allowance;

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Question 6. a) Mention all the five (5) rules that can disqualify an officer’s
petition.
Answer
A petition will not be entertained if it:
(i) does not comply with Rule 090201;
(ii) (ii) deals with a case in which legal action is pending in a Court of Law;
(iii) is illegible or meaningless;
(iv) is worded in abusive, improper, or foul language; or
(v) merely repeats the substance of a previous petition without introducing new relevant matter

b) Mention four (4) types of Appointments in the Public Service.

Answer:
020202 -Direct appointment to the Federal Public Service may be in any of the following categories: (a)
as trainees or pupils,
(b) on probation in a pensionable post; .
(c) on non-pensionable contract to a non-pensionable post, or against a pensionable post for a specified period.
(d) on temporary basis other than (c).

Question 7. What is the minimum number of years that an officer must spend in a post before being
considered for promotion? i) SGL 06 and below ii) SGL 07 -14 iii) SGL 15 – 17.

Answer:
The minimum number of years that an officer must spend in a post before being considered eligible for promotion shall be
as follows:
Grade Level of Staff Number of Years in Post
06 and below Minimum of 2 years
07-14 Minimum of 3 years
15-17 Minimum of 4 years

Question 8.
a) What is misconduct?
b) Mention ten (10) acts which constitute misconduct in the Public Service.

Answer:
a. 030301 -Misconduct is defined as a specific act of wrong-doing or an improper behaviour which is inimical to the
image of the service and which can be investigated and proved. It can also lead to termination and retirement.

b. (a) Scandalous conduct such as: (i) Immoral behaviour; (ii) Unruly behaviour; (iii) Drunkenness; (iv) Foul
language; (v) Assault; (vi) Battery;
(b) Refusal to proceed on transfer or to accept posting;

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(c) Habitual lateness to work;
(d) Deliberate delay in treating official document;
(e) Failure to keep records;
(f) Unauthorized removal of public records;
(g) Dishonesty; (h) Negligence;
(i) Membership of cults;
(j) Sleeping on duty;
(k) Improper dressing while on duty;
(1) Hawking merchandise within office premises;
(m) Refusal to take/carry out lawful instruction from superior officers
(n) Malingering;
(0) Insubordination;
(p) Discourteous behaviour to the public

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Question 1. List any 6 items that can be found in the seniority list of staff nominal Roll

ANSWER:

• a. Qualification and subjects

• b. Rank and Salary Grade level
• c. Sex and Date of birth
• d. State of origin
• e. Local Government Area
• f. Date of confirmation of appointment
• g. Date of first appointment
• h. Date of present appointment

Question 2. Identify the authority responsible for appointment, promotion and discipline of
officers in the Service

ANSWER:

APPOINTMENT & PROMOTION

The appointment into the Federal Civil Service is made under the authority of the Federal Civil
Service Commission.

For those of Grade level, 01 to 06 – the Junior Staff Committee of the relevant Ministry shall
make the appointment. To be represented in that setting are the FCSC and OHCSF, and final
approval comes from the Permanent Secretary of the particular Ministry. Their promotions are
also likely conducted by the Ministry – Extra Ministerial Department.

For Grade levels, 07 to 10 – This is through an annual entry competition conducted by the
Federal Civil Service Commission in conjunction with OHCSF, ASCON, and PSIN

For Grade levels 12 to 14 – This is by the Federal Civil Service Commission after due
advertisement.
the recommendation of the extra ministerial Department or the relevant cadre pool through the
Office of the Head of Service of the Federation.

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 For Grade levels, 15 to 17 – The applications for these appointments are to be routed through
the Head of Service while the examination/interview and other appointment processes will be
handled by the Federal Civil Service Commission.

The promotion here is also done by the Federal Civil Service Commission on the
recommendation of the Extra Ministerial Department or the relevant cadre pool through the
Office of the Head of Service of the Federation.

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Federal Civil Service Commission Promotion Exam Questions & Answers/FCSC
Financial Regulation Based Questions & Answers

QUESTION 1:

Differentiate between dismissal and termination of appointment Answer:

Dismissal and termination of appointment are disciplinary actions involving the permanent
removal of an officer from service.
1. Dismissal: Applies to pensionable officers who are guilty of very serious misconduct.
When an officer is dismissed, he losses all claim to retirement benefit such a gratuity and pension.
It is the ultimate penalty for serious misconduct. No notice is given to the officer. The effective
date is the date when the officer is served the notice even though he may refuse to acknowledge
receipt of the notice.
2. Termination of appointment: is often used for officers whose appointments are still on
probation or un-established daily paid. The officer is entitled to on month’s notice or one month’s
salary in lieu.

QUESTION 2:

What is Financial Embarrassment?

Answer:
Financial Embarrassment: is the state of an officer’s indebtedness, which is causing him serious
financial hardship.

QUESTION 3:

What is Classified Correspondence? Give Examples.

Answer:

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Classified correspondence or material is correspondence or material which has been graded
according to its sensitivity or importance and the danger involved if such material becomes public
property.
Examples:
1. Restricted
2. Confidential
3. Staff confidential
4. Secrete
5. Top secrete.

QUESTION: 4

How is seniority in the service determined?

Answer:

1. By the date of assumption of duty: Seniority between persons employed from outside the
public service is determined by the date of assumption of duty i.e. the first to assume duty becomes
the more senior if they are on the same rank and salary grade level.

2. Date of letter of Appointment: Where two or more persons assume duty the same date,
seniority is determined by the date of letter if employment from the Federal Civil Service
Commission.

3. By the date a serving officer attains higher rank: Seniority in any department and among
serving officers is determined by the date an officer I appointed or promoted to the particular class
or grade in which he is serving.

QUESTION: 5

Identify 5 (five) ways of leaving the service

Answer:

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1. By dismissal

2. Termination of appointment
3. By resignation
4. By retirement – compulsory or voluntary retirement
5. By absconding
6. Withdrawal of Service
7. By relinquishing of appointment during probation
8. By death
9. By being invalidated
10. By being declared redundant.

QUESTION 6:

Give the Steps that civil servants should take in supply of information to aid decision
making.

Answer:

i. Through mastery of knowledge of the problem ii. Acquisition of relevant

facts about the problems under consideration iii. Analysis of the facts collected
iv. Examine whether available precedents fit into the issues under consideration
v. Determine the conclusion in the light of the facts under consideration.
vi. Giving an idea of probable effect of the conclusion if implemented in civil service handbook.

QUESTION 7:

List 10 Sources of information in civil service.

1. The public service rules

2. Financial regulations
3. Circulars and curricular letter
4. Treasury circulars
5. Official Gazettes of the Federal and State Governments

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6. Laws of the Federation of Nigeria
7. Policy circulars of the Federal Civil Service commission

8. Government white paper

9. Staff list of federal and state governments
10. Public service manual
11. Publication from Federal office of statistics
12. Annual reports of ministries/departments.
13. The Nigerian year book
14. Telephone directory
15. Newsletter etc.

QUESTION 8:

Identify any 5 categories of officers or appointments, which the ivil service commission
cannot make.
Answer:
1. Judge of the supreme court
2. Any officer in the Nigerian police force
3. Nigeria’s representatives abroad, such as high commissioners and ambassadors
4. Secretary to the Government of the federation
5. Head of the Civil Service of the Federation
6. Permanent secretaries or other chief executive in ministries
7. The personal staff of the president

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 COMMON LAW
FALSE IMPRISONMENT
This is a wrongful or improper committing of a person to imprisonment or confinement to prison
custody for an offence not committed by the person.

ASSAULT AND BATTERY

Assault is a violent attack or an unlawful personal attack on another person even if only with
mincing words.
Battery is an unlawful blows or a menacing touch on another person or an assault, which involves
blows, or touch person

Democracy (Demos the People Kratos Rules)

A government is said to be democratic if it based more or less on the doctrines of popular

sovereignty which implies that the will of the people to a large extent determine the type of
Government that is in operation in a given country. This is why democracy has been commonly
defined as the Government of the people by the people and for the people

ADVANTAGES:
1. It ensure that power resides in the people and belongs to the people in that sovereign
power is exercised by the people indirectly through a system of representation.
2. It confers political right on all citizen irrespective of birth wealth or even education which
is rooted in equality not as something already attained but as an aim to be kept always in view.
3. It ensure that the individual is not merely the subject of the state but an object in himself,
hence he must not he must be stronger than the society he represent.
4. The object of the state in a democratic society is to serve and not to coerce the community
as against dictatorship.
5. In a democratic society, everybody is entitled to hold and profess his own beliefs
irrespective of the policy of the Executive;
6. It ensures both the minority interest is adequately taken care of.
7. It also provides for the fundamental Human Right of the citizen as against dictatorship.

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8. There is obedience to law and democratic process since the foundation of all democracy
is the right to vote and be voted for.
9. It gives room for the principle of separation of power and Rule of Law which are sine-
qua-non to good government.
LIBEL
This is a published false statement that damages a person reputation or a statement or anything that
brings discredit on a person or thing.

SLANDER
The is a false statement uttered maliciously that damages a person’s reputation, title or property or
material interest.

SEDITION
These are words or action that make people rebel against the......?

FELONY
This is a crime against the state, which is regarded as serious and triable in a court of Law e.g.
action of an individual, which under mines the security of the state.

TREASON
This is treachery towards ones country or its ruler by eight plotting the sovereign’s death or
engaging in war against him (the ruler).

TRESPASS
This is unlawful entering of a person’s land or property, to intrude or make use unreasonable and
unreasonable and unlawfully the property or land of another person.

SUBJUDICE
This means that a case is under judicial consideration and yet decided upon and for this reason
should not be commented upon. Any attempt to comment on it would to contempt of court, which
is punishable law.

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INJUNCTION
This is an order of a court prohibiting a person or his agent from doing. Continuing or a repeating
some wrongful acts and it may also order a person to do some positive act to end a wrongful state
of thing.

RESEXTINCTA
This is where the subject matter is nonexistent at the time of the contract and this fact is unknown
to the parties, they will be deemed to be attempting impossibility e.g. Couturier v. Hastie

ADAMNUMSINE INJURIA
This means that, cases where damages had been done but the plaintiff has no right to action e/g
Damages suffered following defamatory statements made on a privileged occasion are not
actionable.

NITTY-GRITY
These are the basic fact or realities of a mater

LOCUS STANDI
This is a source of authority as given to somebody to exercise..

DEFAMATION
This is to attack the good reputation of somebody or to speak ill of somebody which is triable at
law.

RES-SUA
This deals with mistake of a status. This may arise when a person buys what he already owns e.g.
Cooper v. Phibbs.

RESIPSALOQUITOR (The act speaks for itself)

This means that, the matter speaks for itself. It is expressed in the languages of evidence, as “He
who asserts must prove”. The general rule is for the plaintiff who alleges that the defendant has
been negligent in relation to him to prove the breach of the duty of care owned to him by the

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 defendants well as damage arising from the breach. Situations may arise when the cause of the
injury to the plaintiff cannot be explained by him, this will cause hardship to him but he may not
have redress. For the plaintiff to succeed under the principle of Res Ipsa Loquitor there must be
evidence to show:
i.That the thing which causes an injury to the plaintiff is under the management and control of the
defendant.
ii.That the accident must be such as would not in ordinary course of things happen without
negligence e.g. Olaiya v. Ososami.

RECISSION
This is a further equitable remedy for breach of contract. The rule is the same when the remedy is
used for breach as it is when it is used for misrepresentation. If the contract cannot be completely
rescinded, it cannot be rescinded at all: it must be possible to restore the status quo.

LEGAL CAPACITY
This is the ability of the parties to incur legal liability or to acquire legal right. Due to the infirmities
of certain persons such as in facts and lunatics of the peculiar nature or others such as corporations,
not at persons are capable in law of entering into a valid contract.

Law (Meaning)
The law of a given society is a body of rules, which are recommended as obligation by its citizens.
To a layman, Law may be understood as rules and regulation, which guide human behavior, the
breach of which people of a given state can enforce. There are two major types of law as natural
laws and man-made laws, which can take the forms of written/ enacted, and unwritten/untenanted
laws.

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 SOURCES OF NIGERIAN LAW

i.CUSTOMSRY LAW: The various bodies of customary laws from the most important source of
our law primarily because they govern most of our personal law. Issues such as Marriage and
divorce, succession and inheritance, land tenure chieftaincy matters are still governed by
customary law.

ii.ENGLISH LAW: This WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE COLONY of Lagos in 1863 and
with the amalgamation in 1914, it was extended to the rest of Nigeria,
The English Law consists of three branches as follows:
a. The common Law of England:
b. The doctrine of equity:
c. The status of general application in England on the date of the introduction of English
Law into the country.

LOCAL LEGISLATION: These ARE LAWS PASSED BY THE legislatures through the
necessary procedure and must be assented to by the president or governor as the case may be.
Decrees, Edicts, and Bye Law are also part of local legislature.

TEXT BOOKS: These are the textbooks written by notable authors on customary laws when such
points have not been previously decided in the court and where there is no reliable witness
available.

JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS: This means the decision of superior courts will be followed by
inferiors courts I appropriate cases. This is closely connected with hierarchy of courts. It follows
that the decision of the highest court will be binding all other courts hence becoming the law until
changes by status.

LAW REPORTS: Law reports are essential for the growth of case law especially in common law
system like Nigeria law reports contain all the important judgment delivered by the superior courts

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 throughout the country. The Nigeria monthly Law Report contain the decision of the Supreme
Court and various High Court in the Federation compiled by a group of lawyers recently

CONTRACT
A contract is a binding agreement between the contraction parties which gives rise to enforceable
and actionable right and obligations. The basis of all contracting is agreement, a consensus ad idem
(that is, the coming together of two minds with a common intention) while every contract is an
agreement: every agreement is a contract. For example, a “promise” to dine and wine would not be
a contract, because it would neither be intended to create not would it in fact create any legal
obligation between the parties to it and this so even through one is expected from an ethical point
of view of honor such a promise. To constitute a contract, the “promise” must be one by which the
parties intend to create legally enforceable right and obligations.

ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT
The elements of a valid contract are:
i.Offer and Acceptance
ii.Consideration:
iii.Intention to create legal relationship:
iv.Legal capacity of the parties

OFFER
This is a definite statement or declaration by one party called the offerer of the terms under which
he will contract with the party to whom it is made called the offeree. It is an expression by one
person (the first party) of his willingness to perform a certain act in return for some acts or for
bearance by another person (second party). The offer must be made in such a manner that it is
capable of being accepted by the offeree unequivocally i.e. the terms of the offer must be must be
specified enough for the acceptor to signify by expressing positive agreement or by performing the
act consisting the subject matter of the offer. If all the other requirements of a valid contract are
present, acceptance of the offer with modification is called COUNTER OFFER, which itself
requires acceptance before a contract emerges. A counter offer is a rejection of the original offer
and has the effect of canceling the original offer. However, the communication must amount to a
counter offer. Thus, where it appears that the offeree is merely seeking further information before

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 making up his mind, his request for information will not the offer (Stevenson v. Mclean 1880). It
should however be noted that the counter offer may be accepted by the original offer.

BY DEATH
The effect of death would appear to vary according to the type of contract in question, whether the
death is that of offerer or offeree and whether death takes place before or after acceptance.

i.Death of Offer before Acceptance: If the contract envisaged by the offer involves a personal
relationship, such as offer to act as an agent, then the death of the offerer prevents
acceptance.
ii.Death of offeree before acceptance: Once the offeree is dead, there is no offer which can be
accepted and his executors cannot therefore accept the offer in his stead. The offer being made
to a living person can only be accepted by the person and assumes his continued existence.
iii.Death of parties after acceptance: This normally has no effect unless the contract if for personal
services when it is discharged. Thus, if X sells his car to Y and before the car is delivered X dies,
it would be possible for Y to sue X’s personal representatives for breach of contract if they were
to refuse to deliver the car. But if X agrees to play the piano at a concert and dies two days before
the performance, the contract is discharged and his personal representatives are not expected to
play the piano in his stead.

ACCEPTANCE
This occurs when the party to whom an offer is made agrees without attaching any conditions to
the offerer’s proposal. Any attempts to accept the offer with modifications is not an acceptance but
a counter offer which itself requires acceptance before a contract.

AGREEMENT
Since a contract comes into being as a result of an agreement.

BREACH
This occurs when a party to a contract refuses to perform the obligations imposed on him under the
contract. He may expressly repudiate his liability under the contract before the date fixed for
impossible for himself to perform the contract as when he transfers to another something which he
had earlier contracted to transfer to someone else.

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NOTE: A breach always entitles the injured party to sue for damages but does not always
discharged; the breach must either of the whole contract or of a fundamental term in the contract.

FRUSTRATION
This is defined as a premature determination of an agreement between parties lawfully entered into
and in the course of operation at a time of its premature determination owing to the concurrence of
an intervening event or change of circumstances, so fundamental as to be regard by the law both
as striking at the root of the agreement and as entirely beyond what was contemplated by the parties
when they entered into the agreement.

LAPSE OF TIME
Generally, a contract is not discharged by lapse of time UNLESS the contract contains stipulation
that time is of the essence of the contract. Notwithstanding this general rule, lapse of time may
affect one’s right to bring an action for a breach of contract.

PRIVITY OF CONTRACT
This implies that contractual rights are only enforceable by and against the actual parties to the
contract such parties are bound by privity of contract and may only enforce its terms against one
another. It follows that a stranger to a contract cannot sue or be sued on it even though it is really
and wholly made for his benefit e.g. Tiveddle V. Alkinson. Even though a third party, nonetheless,
it is his duty not to induce any of the contracting parties to break the contract.

“QUANTUM MERUIT”
This means “an action for a much as he has earned” which implies the right to payment is based
not on the discharged contract BUT on an implied promise of the other party to pay a reasonable
sum for the benefits he enjoys.

CONDITIONS
This means a term or stipulation in a contract, which is absolutely essential to its existence, the
breach of which entitles the injured party to repudiate the contract, and to treat it as discharged. It
follows that a party who is guilty of a breach of conditions cannot enforce the contract unless the
innocent party has affirmed it or has otherwise lost his right to repudiate it.

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 WARRANTY
This denotes a binding promise or a subsidiary term in contract, a breach of which give no right to
repudiate the contract but only a right to an action for damages for the loss stained. According to
the sale of Good Act 183, warranty is an agreement with references to goods which is collateral to
the main purpose of such contract, the breach of which gives rise to a claim for damages, but not
to a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated.

ILLEGAL CONTRACT
i.If it is prohibited by statute or if the contract is not prohibited, the statute imposes conditions to
the complied with, the essence of which makes the contract illegal.
ii.If it violates the rules of Common Law.

DURESS
This is any actual or threatened violence to the person, imprisonment, restraint of liberty of a
person, his family or relatives, which induces him to enter into the contract against his will. Such
duress must be to the person and to goods. If a party threatens to other contracting party with
imprisonment, the contract will be unlawful.

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 DUTIES OF AN EMPLOYMENT AND EMPLOYEE TOWARDS EACH OTHER AT
COMMON LAW

This basic structure of the law of master and servant may be traced back to the common law, which
established the fundamental duties owned by the employer to the employees and vice-versa.
i.Payment of agreed wages, even if work is not available;
ii.Reimbursement of an employee who incurs a liability on the employer’s behalf;
iii.Ensuring the safety of employee inclusive:

The common Law Duties of the Employees include:

i.Rendering of services in person (i.e. not subcontracting to another person):
ii.To show loyalty to the employer (e.g. by not accepting bribes from third parties);
iii.To respect confidentiality of information acquired in the employment concerning the employer’s
business;
iv.To obey legitimate orders;
v.Not to make personal gain through the employer’s property.

VOID CONTRACT
The expression void contract is a contradiction in term. A (so called) Void Contract, whether
Because its contents are strictly illegal or merely opposed to publish policy is of no legal effect. If
a contract is held to be void, either party there to acquires any right or incurs any liabilities as
against the other and any money or property that has passed under the contract is recoverable by
the transferor. However, if the “Void Contract” is illegal the courts will not allow an action to be
brought for the recovery of the items in question. An examples of the Void Contract is an agreement
by an infant to repay money lent to him (Infants Relief Act 1874)

AN UNENFORCEABLE CONTRACT
Is one which, although valid, (i.e. it contain all the usual essentials) nevertheless cannot be
enforced in the court because of some technical defects. In many cases, this defect is the absence
of some written evidences (e.g. a note or memorandum) identifying the parties and or the contents
of the contract, which is required by law. The sale of a house may provide an example of an

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 unenforceable contract. Although contract for the disposition of interest in land can be made orally
on it writing (Including Under Seal) unless there exists the written evidence required by section 40
of the Law of Property Act 1925.

INVITATION TO REAT
This is not an offer in that it is not possible to convert it into a binding contract merely by the
invite’s purporting to accept the terms of invitation. However, an invitation to treat is often a
preliminary to a contract because it calls upon the invitee to submit an offer to the person issuing
the invitation; if the letter agree to the term of the offer, then (but only then) will an agreement
have been effected which, if all other requirement are present, will constitute a valid contract. An
invitation treat may take a variety of forms such as:
i.Advertisement by councils and other bodies calling for submission of tender;
ii.Company prospectuses containing forms of application for shares;
iii.Offers in mail-order advertisement;
iv.Notices attached to goods in ship windows, giving prices of the individual item;
v.Notices of auction sales, with details of item to be put up for auction.

PRINCIPLE AND AGENT RELATIONSHIPS

An agent is a person who is authorized to bring one person into legal relationship with another
person. The person making the authorization is known as the principal. Agency is the relationship
between the two parties. Agency may be created through any of the following ways:

i.By express Agreements: The agent may be appointed orally, in writing or by deed. If he is
appointed orally, he may act for his principal in respect of any type of simple contract, even for
contacts which must be in writing or which need to be evidence by writing. However, an agent

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 may not as such execute a deed unless he has been appointed by a deed, which is called a power
of attorney.

ii.By implication: This may happen where the principal place the agent in a situation where it would
be normal (either by reason of trade, custom or otherwise) for the agent to contract on behalf of
the principal, although no express authority to do so has been conferred on him. Thus a person
appointed to act as land agent may have implied authority to sign tenancy agreements on behalf
of his employer despite the fact that he later has not specifically authorized to do so.

iii.By Ratification: If an agent purports to make a contract with a third party on behalf of a principal,
although at the time of the contract the ‘agent’ has not been authorized to do so by the principal,
the principal may either refuse to ratify the contract thereby incurring no personal liability hence,
the third party would be entitled to see the agent for breach of warranty of authority or he may
ratify the contract thereby creating a contractual relationship between himself and the third party.

iv.By Estoppels: Under the doctrine of Estoppels, if one person allows the impression that another
person is acting on his behalf, he may not later deny the authority of that other person to act on
his behalf. For instance if “P” stands by allows “A” to tell “T” that A is P’s agent, then P will be
bound by any contract A contract A negotiates with T.

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 WAYS IN WHICH CONTRACT BETWEEN AGENTS AND THE PRINCIPAL MAY BE
TERMINATED

The contract between an agent and the principal may be terminated in the following ways:
i.By mutual agreement on terms acceptable to both parties;
ii.By custom of trade;
iii.By complete performance of the contract i.e. the completion of the business for which the agency
was created. Thus, an agent who is employed to sell a house terminates his agency when it is
sold.
iv.By expiration or time where the agency is entered into for a definite period;
v.By expiration or time where the agency is entered into for a definite period;
vi.By frustration which may arise as a result of impossibility of performance as where the subject
matter of the agency is destroyed and by illegality as where the agency involves dealing with
enemy aliens;
vii.By the death of either party;
viii.By insanity of either party;
ix.By bankruptcy or liquidation;
x.BY revocation of agent’s authority by the principal;
xi.By renunciation of authority by the agent.

CONSIDERATION IN A LAW CONTRACT

Consideration consist of an undertaking to do something which one is not obliged to do refrain
from doing something which one is bound to do. This is necessary to the validity of every simple
contract. It is either good or valuable. Good consideration may consist of natural love and affection
cannot support a simple contract even if the wishes of the tester will not constitute consideration.
To support a support a simple contract consideration must be valuable.

Consideration must however satisfy the following:

i.Must be of some value in the eye of the law but need not be adequate;

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ii.Must not be illegal or immoral or contrary to the public policy;
iii.The nature of consideration must be definite and not vague;
iv.Must move from the promise, though not necessarily to the promisor ;
v.It may be executed (or present) or executor (or future) but it must not be past;
vi.Must not be something which the promise is already bound either by contract or by public duty
to do or refrain from doing.

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Most Asked Aptitude Test and Job Interview Question

1. How many ethnic groups do we have in Nigeria?

Answer: 250 ethnic groups

2. Who is the current chief of justices of Nigeria?

Answer: Ibrahim Tanko Muhammad

3. In Nigeria, democracy day is now celebrated on.,

Answer: June 12

4. Which is the most populated country in the world?

Answer: China, with 1.4 billion residents

5. Who was the first Nigerian female psychiatrist?

Answer: Dr. Bertha Johnson

6. Nigeria’s Inspector General of Police is?

Answer: Adamu Mohammed

7. Which is the second-largest continent in the world?

Answer: Africa, coming after Asia

8. The hottest region in the world is called?

Answer: The Sahara Desert

9. Who is the current chairman of ECOWAS?

Answer: President Muhama don Issoufou of Niger Republic.

10. Which African country first gained independence?

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Answer: Liberia in 1847

11. Who is Nigeria’s current speaker of House of Representatives?

Answer: Femi Gbajabiamila

12. Who was the first writer of English Dictionary in the world?

Answer: Mr Samuel Johnson

13. Who is Nigeria’s Minister of Power?

Answer: Sale Mamman from Taraba State

14. Who was the first President of Nigeria?

Answer: Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Oct. 1st, 1960 – Jan. 15th, 1966

15. Blue in the Nigerian Police flag represents?

Answer: Love, loyalty and unity

16. The first awarded Archbishop in Africa?

Answer: Benson Andrew Idahosa

17. The separation of powers simply means.

Answer: Checks and Balances

18. What is a 70 years anniversary called?

Answer: Platinum

19. What does the acronym ICAO stand for?

Answer: International Civil Aviation Organisation

20. Who was Nigeria’s first Inspector General of Police?

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Answer: Mr C. W. Duncan, 1930 – 1935

21. Who is the current Sultan of Sokoto caliphate?

Answer: Muhammadu Salad Abubakar

22. Who is the current Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria?

Answer: Godwin Emefiele

23. Who is Nigeria’s Minister of Education?

Answer: Adamu Adamu from Bauchi State

24. What does the acronym ECOMOG means? Answer: Economic Community Monitoring

Group

25. Which is the highest mountain in Africa?

Answer: Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania

26. When did Nigeria break diplomatic relations with Israel?

Answer: 1972

27. Who created the Nigerian Council?

Answer: Frederick Lugard

28. What country does Nigeria share borders within the West?

Answer: Republic of Benin

29. Who is the current Senate President of Nigeria?

Answer: Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan

30. Which continent is the smallest in the world?

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Answer: Australia

31. What agency is the Economic Commission for Africa part of?

Answer: UNO (United Nations Organisation)

32. Who what set of people does political sovereignty belongs to?

Answer: The Government

33. What region was created by the facilitation of the NCNC?

Answer: Mid-West Region

34. For what reason was Nigeria suspended from the Commonwealth in 1995?

Answer: Political Reasons

35. Who was the first Senate President of Nigeria?

Answer: Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe

36. Who was the first governor-general of colonial Nigeria?

Answer: Lord Lugard

37. People who live by selling labour in the Marxist theory are called?

Answer: Proletariats

38. Who formed the first political party in Nigeria?

Answer: Herbert Macaulay

39. What was the first political party in Nigeria?

Answer: Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP)

40. When did the Duke and Duchess of Sussex leave the royal family?

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Answer: January 2020

41. When was paper currency introduced in Nigeria?

Answer: 1918

42. How many Local Government Areas are in Nigeria?

Answer: 774

43. Which state in Nigeria has the largest number of Local Government Areas?

Answer: Kano State with 44 LGAs.

44. What does the term MDGs stands for?

Answer: Millennium Development Goals

45. When did the Federal Military Government abolish the four regions?

Answer: 1966

46. How many countries constitute the Economic Community of West African States?

Answer: 16

47. Which country was the last to win independence from colonial rule?

Answer: Angola

48. A country made up of semi-autonomous units is called.

Answer: A confederation

49. What is the ultimate aim of political parties?

Answer: To acquire and exercise power

50. What system of Government is political power inherited?

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Answer: Monarchy

51. Which is the largest city in Nigeria?

Answer: Lagos

52. How many states were created by General Yakubu Gowon in Nigeria, May 1967?

Answer: 12 states

53. Who was the first Executive President of Nigeria?

Answer: Alhaji Shehu Shagari

54. When was Facebook founded?

Answer: February 4, 2004

55. How many regional divisions does Africa have?

Answer: (Six Regional Divisions)

56. Who is the current managing director of NNPC?

Answer: Maikanti Baru

57. Who is the current Chief Justice of Nigeria?

Answer: Ibrahim Tanko Muhammad

58. Who was the longest-serving senate President of Nigeria?

Answer: David Mark

59. Who is the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?

Answer: Boris Johnson

60. Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations?

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Answer: Antonio Guterres

61. Who is the longest-serving Prime Minister of Israel?

Answer: Benjamin Netanyahu

62. Which state in Nigeria has the smallest number of LGAs?

Answer: Abuja, with only seven LGAs.

63. When was the United Nations Organisation formed?

Answer: 25th April 1945

64. The first woman to become a governor in Nigeria is?

Answer: Mrs. Virginia Etiaba, Anambra State

65. What does the acronym NUPENA means?

Answer: National Union of Petroleum Engineers and Natural Gas

66. Who is the current INEC Chairman?

Answer: Prof. Mahmood Yakubu

67. THe first female Brigadier in Nigeria?

Answer: Ronke Kale

68. Who released Nelson Mandela when he was arrested as an apartheid prisoner?

Answer: President Fredrick Declerk

69. Who is the current Chairman of UNO?

Answer: Bankie Moore from South Korea

70. Which state has the highest percentage of contribution to oil revenue in Nigeria?

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Answer: Delta State

71. What is the motto of Nigeria?

Answer: Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress

72. How long does it take the earth to complete one revolution?

Answer: 365 days

73. When was the first refinery in Nigeria built?

Answer: 1965

74. When was the Federal Capital Territory created? Ans: February 3rd, 1976

75. Who was Nigeria’s First Military Head of State?

Ans: General Yakubu Gowon

76. Who was known as the King of Afro beat in Nigeria?

Ans: Mr Fela Anikulapo Kuti

77. Where was the the United Nations Organisation formed?

Ans: San Francisco, April 1945

78. How was Sir Dele Giwa killed?

Ans: Through letter bomb

79. When was the Central Bank of Nigeria established?

Ans: 1958

80. Which authority heads the Nigerian Judiciary?

Ans: The Chief Justice of Nigeria

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81. Who was the first Sultan of Sokoto?

Ans: Shehu Usman Danfodio

82. When was Nigerian Airforce established?

Ans: In 1964

83. Who was the last governor before Nigeria’s independence?

Ans: Sir James Robertson

84. Who was the first managing director of NNPC?

Ans: Chief R.A Marinho

85. When did the first world war take place?

Ans: 1914-1919

86. Which is the second most populated country in the world?

Ans: India, following China with a population of 1,806.6 billion people.

87. When did the Nigerian civil war begin?

Ans: July 6,1967

88. The award of honour GCFR is meant for?

Ans: Head of States only

89. What is the motto of the Nigerian Police?

Ans: The police are your friend.

90. When did the second world war take place?

Ans: 1939-1945

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91. What age is the life expectancy of a Nigerian man?

Ans: 52years

92. What does the red eagle on the Nigerian coat of arms depict?

Ans: Strength

93. What is the official language of Nigeria?

Ans: English Language

94. When was Nigeria declared and recognized as a nation?

Ans: October 1, 1960

95. How many continents are there in the world?

Ans: Seven continents

96. What does the colour yellow in the Nigerian police flag signify?

Ans: Discipline and resourcefulness

97. Who is Nigeria’s current minister of finance?

Ans: Zainab Ahmed from Kaduna State.

98. Who was the first secretary-general of United Nations Organisations?

Ans: Tryg Velie from Norway

99. When was the current president of Nigeria born?

Ans: 17 December 1942

100. How many senators make up the national assembly of Nigeria?

Ans: 109 senators

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101. How many senatorial districts are the 36 states divided into?

Ans: Three senatorial districts

102. How many members does the house of representative of Nigeria have?

Ans: 360 members

103. Who was the first house of representative member?

Ans: Sir Fredric Metcalfe

104. Which is the highest mountain in the world?

Ans: Mount Everest, 29,028 feet tall

105. Who were the first Europeans to come to West Africa?

Ans: Portuguese

106. When did the outbreak of American civil war take place?

Ans: 1848-1861

107. Who was the first president of the United States of America?

Ans: George Washington

108. Who was the National President of Nigeria?

Ans: Chief Olusegun Obasanjo

109. What does the green in the Nigerian police flag represent?

Ans: Energy and life

110. How many regional divisio0ns are there in Africa?

Ans: Five regional divisions

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111. How many countries make up Middle Africa?

Ans: Nine African countries

112. When did Nigeria become a British colony?

Ans: 1914

113. Where is the Kainji Dam in Nigeria located?

Ans: Niger State

114. How many states make up the South-South geo-political zone in Nigeria?

Ans: Six states

115. When did the current president of Nigeria resume duties?

Ans: May 19, 2015

116. What is the state of origin of the president of Nigeria?

Ans: Katsina State

117. Who was the first female NAFDAC Chairman?

Ans: Prof. Dora Akunyili

118. Who invented the light bulb?

Ans: Thoma Edison

119. What was the first-ever produced Nollywood movie?

Ans: Palaver, produced in 1926

120. Who is the Vice President of Nigeria?

Ans: Oluyemi Osibanjo

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121. When did the former president Umaru Yar’Adua die?

Ans: May 6, 2010

122. What discovery are the Lander brothers known for?

Ans: Discovering the source of River Niger 123.

Who discovered the African continent?

Ans: Prince Henry the explorer from Portugal

124. When was slave trade first abolished?

Ans: In 1803, Denmark-Norway 125.

Who invented the motor car?

Ans: Karl Benz, 1885

126. What is the coldest planet in the Solar system?

Ans: Neptune

127. Which is the highest court of law in Nigeria?

Ans: Supreme court of Nigeria

128. Who was the first governor of Central Bank of Nigeria?

Ans: R.A Feton

129. When Nigerian football premiere league formed?

Ans: 1972

130. What is the hottest planet in the solar system?

Ans: The Venus

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131. Which is the oldest degree-awarding university in Nigeria?

Ans: University of Ibadan

132. Who was the first female Professor in Nigeria?

Ans: Elfrida Adeho

133. Which courts are the lowest in Nigeria?

Ans: Magistrate, District and customary courts

134. When was GSM introduced in Nigeria?

Ans: 2001

135. Who was the first indigenous speaker of the House of Representative?

Ans: Jaja Wachuku, 1959.

136. Who was the first vice president of Nigeria?

Ans: Alex I. Ekwueme

137. How long does it take the Mars to complete one revolution?

Ans: 687 days

138. Which of Nigeria’s past president is also known as an ambassador for peace?

Ans: Dr Goodluck Jonathan

139. Who is Nigeria’s Minister of transportation?

Ans: Rotimi Amaechi

140. When was Nigeria’s currency changed to naira and kobo?

Ans: January 1st, 1973

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141. When was Google founded?

Ans: 4th September 1998

142. Who discovered the internet?

Ans: Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf

143. When did Donald Trump assume duties as President of America?

Ans: 20th January 2017

144. Who is the inventor of the computer?

Ans: Charles Babbage

145. Who is known as the fastest man in the world?

Ans: Usain Bolt

146. What is the most common natural resource in Nigeria?

Ans: Petroleum

147. When was the first modern Olympics held?

Ans: In 1896, Greece

148. How many countries are in Europe?

Ans: 44 countries

149. Who was the first African Bishop?

Ans: Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther

150. Who is the richest man in the world?

Ans: Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon

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Nigeria Current Affairs Quiz Questions

Question 1: Nigeria’s current president

Answer: Muhammadu Buhari

Question 2: Current vice president

Answer: Prof. Yemi Osinbajo

Question 6: Who formed the first political party in Nigeria?

Answer: Herbert Macaulay

Question 7: What was the first political party in Nigeria?

Answer: Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP)

Question 8: What does the eagle in the Nigerian coat of arm represent?

Answer: Strength

Question 9: What do the two horses on the Nigerian coat of arm represent?

Answer: Dignity

Question 10: What was the black shield in the Nigerian coat of arm stand for?

Answer: Nigerian’s fertile soil

Question 11: What does the white colour in Nigerian flag stand for?

Answer: Peace

Question 12: What does the green colour in Nigerian flag represent?

Answer: Forests and abundant natural wealth of Nigeria

Question 13: Nigeria is divided into how many geopolitical zones?

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Answer: Six (6) geopolitical zones

Question 14: What was the first capital city in Nigeria?

Answer: Calabar

Question 15: Capital of Nigeria

Answer: Abuja
Question: Who is the current Nigerian Deputy Senate president?
Answer: Obarisi Ovie Omo-Agege

Question 16: What is the name of Nigerian senior national team in football (men team)?

Answer: Super Eagles

Question 17: When did Nigerian Golden eaglets win the world under-17 FIFA world cup

Answer: 1985, 1993, 2007, 2013

Question 18: Who was the first female vice-chancellor in Nigerian university?

Answer: Grace Alele Williams

Question 19: Who gave Nigeria her name?

Answer: Flora Shaw

Question 20: Who designed the Nigerian flag?

Answer: Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi

Question 21: Who was the first man to buy a car in Nigeria?

Answer: Bob Jensen

Question 22: Who was the first woman to buy a car in Nigeria?

Answer: Funmilayo Ransome Kuti

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Question 23: Which was the first TV station in Nigeria?

Answer: Western Nigerian Government Broadcasting Corporation (WNTV) in 1959 Question

24: When was Nigeria formed?

Answer: 1914

Question 25: Where was crude oil first discovered in Nigeria?

Answer: Oloibiri Oilfield, located in Oloibiri in Ogbia LGA of Bayelsa State

Question 26: Who was the first Nigerian to become a Noble Laureate?

Answer: Wole Soyinka

Question 27: Who is the Nigerian current speaker of House of the Representatives?

Answer: Femi Gbajabiamila

Question 28: What is the premier university in Nigeria?

Answer: University of Ibadan

Question 29: Who is the minister for education in Nigeria?

Answer: Adamu Adamu

Question 30: Who is the current chief justice of Nigeria?

Answer: Walter Samuel Nkanu Onnoghen

Question 31: When did Nigeria have her independent?

Answer: 1st October 1960

Question 32: When Nigeria did become a republic?

Answer: 1st October 1963

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Question 33: When was the first military coup carried out in Nigeria?

Answer: 1966

Question 34: How many local Government do we have in Nigeria?

Answer: 774

Question 35: Who is the first Nigerian president?

Answer: Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe

Question 36: Who was Nigerian first executive president?

Answer: Alhaji Shehu Aliyu Shagari

Question 37: Who was the Nigerian first prime minister?

Answer: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Question 38: What is the largest continent in the world?

Answer: ASIA with population of 3,641,000,000 while Australia & Oceania is the smallest
continent

Question 39: What are the five Oceans in the world?

Answer: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, Arctic Ocean Question

40: What is the full meaning of UNICEF?

Answer: United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund Question

41: Who is the current Senate President in Nigeria?

Answer: Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan

Question 42: Which country’s flag is called the Union Jack?

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Answer: Great Britain

Question 43: What is centenary?

Answer: 100 years

Question 44: What is Nigeria?

Answer: Nigeria officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic
comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Nigeria is located in West Africa
and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east,
and Niger in the north.

Question 45: Nigeria’s Chief of Defence Staff Answer:

General Abayomi Gabriel Olonishakin

Question 46: Who is Nigeria’s Chief of Army Staff?

Answer: Lt-General T.Y. Buratai

Question 47: Who is Nigeria’s Chief of Naval Staff?

Answer: Vice Admiral Ibok-Ete Ekwe Ibas

Question 48: Who is Nigeria’s Chief of Air Staff?

Answer: Air Marshal Sadique Abubakar

Question 49: Who is the current NAFDAC Director-General?

Answer: Mojisola Christianah Adeyeye

Question 50: Who is the current Inspector General of police?

Answer: IGP Solomon Arase

Question 51: Current chairman of the African Union

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Answer: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

Question 52: Who is the Secretary-General of the united nations

Answer: António Guterres

Question 53: Who is the current minister of education?

Answer: Adamu Adamu

Question 54: Mention five rivers in Nigeria that share their names with a state.

Answer: Rivers – Benue, Niger, Osun, Kaduna, Ogun, Sokoto, Cross River, Imo Question 55:
What does the eagle in the Nigerian coat of arm represent?

Answer: Strength

Question 56: Mention 9 past senate presidents of Nigeria.

Answer: Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Evan Enwerem, Chuba Okadigbo, Anyim Pius Anyim, Adolphus
Wabara, Ken Nnamani, David Mark, Bukola Saraki, Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan

Question 57: What do the two horses on the Nigerian coat of arm represent?

Answer: Dignity

Question 58: What was the black shield in the Nigerian coat of arm stand for?

Answer: Nigerian’s fertile soil

Question 59: What does the white colour in Nigerian flag stand for?

Answer: Peace

Question 60: What does the green colour in Nigerian flag represent?

Answer: Forests and abundant natural wealth of Nigeria Question

61: Who is the current minister of finance?

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Answer: Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed

Question 62: Who is the current minister of defence?

Answer: Maj. Gen. Bashir Magashi (rtd)

Question 63: Nigeria is divided into how many geopolitical zones?

Answer: Six (6) geopolitical zones

Question 64: What was the first capital city in Nigeria?

Answer: Calabar

Question 65: Who is the current minister of FCT?

Answer: Mohammed Musa Bello

Question 66: Who is the current Nigerian Deputy Senate president?

Answer: Obarisi Ovie Omo-Agege

Question 67: When did Nigerian Golden eaglets win the world under-17 FIFA world cup

Answer: 1985, 1993, 2007, 2013, 2015

Question 68: Which country won the 2018 world cup?

Answer: France

Question 69: Where was crude oil first discovered in Nigeria?

Answer: Oloibiri Oilfield, located in Oloibiri in Ogbia LGA of Bayelsa State Question:. Who
was the first Nigerian to become a Noble Laureate?

Question 70: Who is the minister for petroleum resources in Nigeria?

Answer: President Muhammad Buhari

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Question 71: When was the Nigerian Naira introduced?

Answer: 1st January 1973

Question 72: What are the five largest Oceans in the world?

Answer: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, Arctic Ocean Question

73: What is the full meaning of UNICEF?

Answer: United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

Question 74: When were the currency notes introduced?

Answer: 100 Naira:1999, 200 Naira in 2000, 500 Naira in 2001 and 1000 Naira on October 12,
2005

Question 75: How many ministers do we have in Nigeria?

Answer: 43

Question 76: With which countries does Nigeria share boundaries?

Answer: Nigeria is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in
the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north

Question 77: Representative democracy is best characteristic by

Answer: free elections and proper registers of voters

Question 78: While political partial parties aim at forming a government pressure groups aim at

Answer: influencing governmental decisions

Question 79: When the electorate vote for representatives who is turn vote on their behalf we say
it is

Answer: an indirect election

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Question 80: An election which is conducted to fill a vacant seat in a legislature is called a

Answer: by-election

Question 81: Which of these countries does NOT operate a federal constitution

Answer: France

Question 82: The major advantage of the secret ballot is that

Answer: it ensures the anonymity of each voter

Question 83: In a one-party state

Answer: the ruling party is the only legal party

Question 84: A cabinet system of government is practiced in

Answer: Britain and Canada

Question 85: A proclamation by the head of state ending a session of parliament is called

Answer: a dissolution

Question 86: The constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria

Answer: promotes unity of diversity

Question 87: The transfer of authority to local government council is known as

Answer: delegation

Question 88: The principle of anonymity of civil servants means that they

Answer: Are credited or blamed for any thing they do

Question 89: The six registered political parties in Nigeria in 1982 were

Answer: UPN, GNPP, NAP, PRP, NPP, NPN,

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Question 90: Which of the following is NOT a pressure group in Nigeria

Answer: farmers

Question 91: The N.C.N.C sent a delegation to London in 1947 to protest against the

Answer: Richards constitution

Question 92: A popular principle of colonial administration in British West Africa was

Answer: indirect rule

Question 93: The first governor-general of colonial Nigeria was

Answer: Lord Lugard

Question 94: The first military government in Nigeria was headed by

Answer: General Agunyi Ironsi

Question 95: The first general election in Nigeria was hold in

Answer: 1959

Question 96: The supreme organ of the U.N O is the

Answer: general assembly

Question 97: Traditional rulers were restricted to ceremonial rules by the local government
reforms of

Answer: 1976

Question 98: A parliamentary system, who ensures that members are in the house to vote on
major issues

Answer: Whip

Question 99: A system in which no single person serves as the chief executive is known as

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Answer: Parliamentary

Question 100: A social system in which power is derived from control over land is called

Answer: Feudalism

Question 101: “Rule of Law” refers to situation in which

Answer: Laws are supreme

Question 102: An important principle of the civil service is

Answer: Anonymity

Question 103: Which of these constitution recognized local government as the third tier of
government

Answer: the 1979 constitution

Question 104: A condition for judicial independence is the appointment of judges by the

Answer: Judicial Service Commission

Question 105: The minorities Commission appointed in Nigeria in 1957 recommend that

Answer: More states should be created in the federation

Question 106: The second military coup in Nigeria took place on

Answer: July 29, 1966

Question 107: One of these was in existence before the outbreak of the second world war

Answer: The League of Nations

Question 108: An important advantage of creating more constitution in a federal state is to

Answer: Enhance the People participation

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Question 109: Under the Presidential system

Answer: c. The president may come from any of the parties

Question 110: Public opinion is important because it

Answer: Lets government know what the people want

Question 111: Bicameral legislature exists

Answer: To prevent the concentration of power on legislative house

Question 112: Africans were first elected to the legislative council in British West Africa in

Answer: Ghana

Question 113: One of the functions of the Ministry of external affairs is the

Answer: Promotion of national interests

Question 114: The leader of the Northern People’s congress was

Answer: Ahmadu Bello

Question 115: The idea of democracy started with the

Answer: The earliest democracy in the world began with the work of a man named Cleisthenes,
in Athens (Greece), in 510 BC.

Question 116: In the Marxist theory, those who live by selling their labour are called

Answer: Proletariats

Question 117: Which of the following is NOT an acceptable means of achieving democracy?

Answer: Riots 22 The branch of government responsible for implementing laws is the

Question 118: In a democracy, sovereignty is vested in

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Answer: The community

Question 119: Universal Adult Suffrage means all

Answer: Qualified citizens can vote

Question 120: A bill that applies to the whole population and is intended to promote the general
welfare is called

Answer: An Appropriation bill

Question 121: Nigeria’s 36 States with their Capitals

Answer:
Note: Current Minister of Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is Muhammed Musa Bello

S. No State Capital

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1 Abia State Umuahia

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2 Adamawa State Yola

3 Akwa Ibom State Uyo

4 Anambra State Awka

5 Bauchi State Bauchi

6 Bayelsa State Yenagoa

7 Benue State Makurdi

8 Borno State Maiduguri

9 Cross River State Calabar

10 Delta State Asaba

11 Ebonyi State Abakaliki

12 Edo State Benin City

13 Ekiti State Ado – Ekiti

14 Enugu State Enugu

15 Gombe State Gombe

16 Imo State Owerri

17 Jigawa State Dutse

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18 Kaduna State Kaduna

19 Kano State Kano

20 Katsina State Katsina

21 Kebbi State Birnin Kebbi

22 Kogi State Lokoja

23 Kwara State Ilorin

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24 Lagos State Ikeja

25 Nasarawa State Lafia

26 Niger State Minna

27 Ogun State Abeokuta

28 Ondo State Akure

29 Osun State Oshogbo

30 Oyo State Ibadan

31 Plateau State Jos

32 Rivers State Port Harcourt

33 Sokoto State Sokoto

34 Taraba State Jalingo

35 Yobe State Damaturu

36 Zamfara State Gusau

Question 122: Current Governors of Nigeria’s 36 States

Answer:
S. No State Current Governor

1. Abia State Okezie Ikpeazu

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2. Adamawa State Jibrilla Bindow

3. Akwa Ibom State Udom Gabriel Emmanuel

4. Anambra State Willie Obiano

5. Bauchi State Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed

6. Bayelsa State Henry Seriake Dickson

7. Benue State Samuel Ortom

8. Borno State Babagana Umara Zulum mni

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9. Cross River State Benedict Ayade

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10. Delta State Ifeanyi Okowa

11. Ebonyi State Dave Umahi

12. Edo State Godwin Obaseki

13. Ekiti State Kayode Fayemi

14. Enugu State Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi

15. Gombe State Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya

16. Imo State Chukwuemeka Ihedioha

17. Jigawa State Badaru Abubakar

18. Kaduna State Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai

19. Kano State Abdullahi Umar Ganduje

20. Katsina State Aminu Bello Masari

21. Kebbi State Abubakar Atiku Bagudu

22. Kogi State Alhaji Yahaya Adoza Bello

23. Kwara State AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq

24. Lagos State Babajide Sanwo-Olu

25. Nasarawa State Abdullahi Sule

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26. Niger State Abubakar Sani Bello

27. Ogun State Dapo Abiodun

28. Ondo State Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu

29. Osun State Adegboyega Oyetola

30. Oyo State Isiaka Abiola Ajimobi

31. Plateau State Simon Bako Lalong

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32. Rivers State Ezenwo Nyesom Wike

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33. Sokoto State Aminu Waziri Tambuwal

34. Taraba State Darius Dickson Ishaku

35. Yobe State Mai Mala Buni

36. Zamfara State Bello Muhammad Matawalle

Question 123: CBN Governor

Answer: Godwin Emefiele

Question 124: When was the Nigeria 2019 General Election held?
Answer: February 23 2019

50 Current affairs in Nigeria

Question: Mention the new service chiefs in Nigeria

Answer: General Abayomi Gabriel Olonishakin- Chief of Defence Staff;

Question: Who is Nigeria’s Chief of Army Staff?

Answer: Lt-General T.Y. Buratai

Question: Who is Nigeria’s Chief of Naval Staff?

Answer: Vice Admiral Ibok-Ete Ekwe Ibas

Question: Who is Nigeria’s Chief of Air Staff?

Answer: Air Marshal Sadique Abubakar

Question:. Who is the current INEC chairman?

Answer: Mahmud Yakubu

Question: Who is the current NAFDAC Director-General?

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Answer: Mojisola Christianah Adeyeye

Question: Who is the current Inspector General of police?

Answer: IGP Ibrahim Idris Kpotun

Question: Current chairman of the African Union

Answer: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

Question: Who is the Secretary General of the united nations

Answer: António Guterres

Question: Who is the current minister of education?

Answer: Adamu Adamu

Question: Mention five rivers in Nigeria that share their names with a state.

Answer: Rivers- Benue, Niger, Osun, Kaduna, Ogun, Sokoto, Cross River,

Imo Question: What was the first political party in Nigeria? Answer: Nigerian

National Democratic Party (NNDP) Question: Who is the current president of

Nigeria?

Answer: Muhammadu Buhari

Question: Who is the current vice president of Nigeria?

Answer: Yemi Osinbajo

Question: What does the eagle in the Nigerian coat of arm represent?

Answer: Strength

Question: Mention 8 past senate presidents of Nigeria.

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Answer: Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Evan Enwerem, Chuba Okadigbo, Anyim Pius Anyim,
Adolphus Wabara, Ken Nnamani, David Mark, Bukola Saraki

Question: What do the two horses on the Nigerian coat of arm represent?

Answer: Dignity

Question: What was the black shield in the Nigerian coat of arm stand for?

Answer: Nigerian’s fertile soil

Question: What does the white colour in Nigerian flag stand for?

Answer: Peace

Question: What does the green colour in Nigerian flag represent?

Answer: Forests and abundant natural wealth of Nigeria Question:

Who is the current minister of finance?

Answer: Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed

Question: Who is the current minister of defence?

Answer: Maj. Gen. Bashir Magashi (rtd)

Question: Nigeria is divided into how many geopolitical zones?

Answer: Six (6) geopolitical zones

Question: What was the first capital city in Nigeria?

Answer: Calabar

Question: Who is the current minister of FCT?

Answer: Muhammadu Musa Bello

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Question: Who is the current Nigerian Deputy Senate president?

Answer: Obarisi Ovie Omo-Agege

Question: When did Nigerian Golden eaglets win the world under-17 FIFA world cup?

Answer: 1985, 1993, 2007, 2013, 2015 Question:

Who gave Nigeria her name?

Answer: Flora Shaw

Question: Who designed the Nigerian flag?

Answer: Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi

Question: Which country won the last world cup?

Answer: Germany

Question: Who was the first man to buy a car in Nigeria?

Answer: Bob Jensen

Question: Who was the first woman to drive a car in Nigeria?

Answer: Funmilayo Ransome Kuti

Question: What is the first TV station in Nigeria?

Answer: Western Nigerian Government Broadcasting Corporation (WNTV) in 1959

Question: Who is the current CBN Governor?

Answer: Godwin Emefiele

Question: Where was crude oil first discovered in Nigeria?

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Answer: Oloibiri Oilfield, located in Oloibiri in Ogbia LGA of Bayelsa State Question:.

Who was the first Nigerian to become a Noble Laureate?

Answer: Wole Soyinka

Question: Who is the Nigerian current speaker of House of the Representatives?

Answer: Femi Gbajabiamila

Question: Who is the minister for petroleum resources in Nigeria? Answer:

President Muhammad Buhari

Question: Who is the current chief justice of Nigeria?

Answer: Tanko Muhammad

Question: When was the Nigerian Naira introduced?

Answer: 1st January 1973

Question: When was the first military coup carried out in Nigeria?
Answer: 1966

Question: How many local Government do we have in Nigeria?

Answer: 774

Question: Who is the first Nigerian president? Answer:

Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe

Question: Who was Nigerian first executive president? Answer:

Alhaji Shehu Aliyu Shagari

Question: Who was the Nigerian first prime minister? Answer:

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Question: What is the largest continent in the world?

Answer: ASIA with population of 3,641,000,000 while Australia & Oceania is the smallest
continent

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Question: What are the five Oceans in the world?

Answer: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, Arctic Ocean

Question: What is the full meaning of UNICEF?

Answer: United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

Question: When were the currency notes introduced?

Answer: 100 Naira:1999, 200 Naira in 2000, 500 Naira in 2001 and 1000 Naira on October
12, 2005.

Question: How many ministers do we have in Nigeria?

Answer: 38

Question: Who is the current Senate President in Nigeria? Answer:

Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan

Question: Which country’s flag is called the Union Jack? Answer:

Great Britain

Question: With which countries does Nigeria share boundaries?

Answer: Nigeria is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of
Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north

Nigeria Current Affairs

Question: Who formed the first political party in Nigeria? Answer:

Herbert Macaulay

Question: What was the first political party in Nigeria?

Answer: NNDP

3. Who is the current president of Nigeria?

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Answer: Muhammadu Buhari

4. Who is the current vice president of Nigeria?

Answer: Yemi Osinbajo

Question 5. What does the eagle in the Nigerian coat of arm represent?

Answer: Strength

6. Representative democracy is best characteristic by

Answer: free elections and proper registers of voters

7. While political partial parties aim at forming a government pressure groups aim at
Answer: influencing governmental decisions

8. When the electorate vote for representatives who is turn vote on their behalf we say it is
Answer: an indirect election

9. An election which is conducted to fill a vacant seat in a legislature is called a

Answer: by-election

10. Which of these countries does NOT operate a federal constitution

Answer: France

11. The major advantage of the secret ballot is that Answer: it ensures the anonymity of each
voter

12. In a one-party state

Answer: the ruling party is the only legal party

13. A cabinet system of government is practiced in Answer: Britain and Canada

14. A proclamation by the head of state ending a session of parliament is called

Answer: a dissolution

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15. The constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria Answer: promotes the unity of
diversity

16. The transfer of authority to local government council is known as

Answer: delegation

17. The principle of anonymity of civil servants means that they

Answer: are credited or blamed for any thing they do

18. The six registered political parties in Nigeria in 1982 were

Answer: UPN, GNPP, NAP, PRP, NPP, NPN,

19. Which of the following is NOT a pressure group in Nigeria

Answer: farmers

20. The N.C.N.C sent a delegation to London in 1947 to protest against the
Answer: Richards constitution

21. A popular principle of colonial administration in British West Africa was

Answer: indirect rule

22. The first governor-general of colonial Nigeria was Answer: Lord Lurgard

23. The first military government in Nigeria was headed by Answer: General Aguiyi Ironsi

24. The first general election in Nigeria was hold in Answer: 1959

25. The supreme organ of the U.N O is the Answer: General Assembly

Nigerian Current Affairs Questions and Answers

1. Traditional rulers were restricted to ceremonial rules by the local government reforms of

Answer: 1976

2. A parliamentary system, who ensures that members are in the house to vote on major
issues Answer: Whip

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3. A system in which no single person serves as the chief executive is known as

Answer: Parliamentary

4. A social system in which power is derived from control over land is called
Answer: Feudalism

5. “Rule of Law” refers to situation in which Answer: Laws are supreme

6. An important principle of the civil service is Answer: Anonymity

7. Which of these constitution recognized local government as the third tier of government
Answer: the 1979 constitution

8. A condition for judicial independence is the appointment of judges by the Answer:

Judicial Service Commission

9. The minorities Commission appointed in Nigeria in 1957 recommend that

Answer: More states should be created in the federation

10. The second military coup in Nigeria took place on

Answer: July 29, 1966

11. One of these was in existence before the outbreak of the second world war
Answer: The League of Nations

12. An important advantage of creating more constitution in a federal state is to Answer:

Enhance the People participation

13. Under the Presidential system

Answer: c. The president may come from any of the parties

14. Public opinion is important because it

Answer: Lets government know what the people want

15. Bicameral legislature exists

Answer: To prevent the concentration of power on legislative house

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16. Africans were first elected to the legislative council in British West Africa in

Answer: Ghana

17. One of the functions of the Ministry of external affairs is the Answer: Promotion of
national interests

18. The leader of the Northern People’s congress was Answer: Ahmadu Bello

19. The idea of democracy started with the

20. In the Marxist theory, those who live by selling their labour are called
Answer: Proletariats

21. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable means of achieving democracy? Answer:
Riots

22 The branch of government responsible for implementing laws is the

Answer: Executives

23. In a democracy, sovereignty is vested in

Answer: The community

24. Universal Adult Suffrage means all

Answer: Qualified citizens can vote

25. A bill that applies to the whole population and is intended to promote the general welfare is
called
Answer: An Appropriation bill

Current Affairs Questions and Answers About Government and Society

(1) A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous is

(A) nation

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(B) kinship

(C) clan

(D) nation

(2) Which of the following made the earliest contact with the Nigerian society?

(A) British

(B) Portuguese

(C) french

(D) German

(3) Under the 1963 republican constitution, the president exercised?

(A) judicial power

(B) executive power

(C) nominal power

(D) concurrent powers

(4) The principal of federal character was first enunciated in the

(A) 1989 constitution

(B) 1963 constitution

(C) 1999 constitution

(D) 1979 constitution

(5) Between 1960 and 1966 Nigeria was governed under the

(A) presidential system

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(B) Westminster system

(C) confederal system

(D) unitary system

(6) One major factor that differentiate the presidential from the parliament system is

(A) separation of power

(B) judicial independence

(C) passage of bills

(D) party system

(7) A major feature of the policy of deregulation in Nigeria is the

(A) enthronement of market forces mechanism

(B) increasing dominance of the economy by the state

(C) proliferation of public cooperation

(D) phenomenal increase in direct foreign investment

(8) Bicameral legislature exists:

(A) where camera men are allowed to cover the proceedings of legislature

(B) to prevent the concentration of power in one legislature house

(C) to provide jobs for more politicians

(D) to ensure that just laws are passed

(9) A major issues that distinguish pressure groups from political parties is
(A) membership

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(B) the objective

(C) the voting pattern

(D) the ideology.

(10) Equality before the law is composed of

(A) separation of powers

(B) checks and balanced

(C) the rule of law

(D)constitutional law

(11) A law passed by the legislature and assented to by the executive is

(A) an act

(b) a presidential proclamation

(C). A decree

(D) a legislative order

(12) The principles of checks and balances empower the judiciary to

(A) invalidate the actions of other arms

(B) administer the criminal justice system

(C) abrogate the law

(D) apply the law

(13) In a parliamentary, the term shadow cabinet is often used to refer to

(A) back benchers in the house

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(B). Deputy prime minister and assistant ministers

(C) rebellious members of the ruling party

(D) portfolio designates. Of the party in opposition.

(14) The fundamental assumption on which the idea of the rule of law is based is

(A). Supremacy at the constitution

(B)rationality of human being

(C) quality of human being (D)

love for social justice.

(15) Association whose main interest is to influence public policies without attempting to
capture state power are

(A) communal group

(b) trade union

(c) political parties (D) pressure group

(16) Multilateralism in Nigeria foreign policy entails

(A) Africa being the centre piece of Nigeria foreign policy

(B) Non-aligned posture in international affairs

(C) quest for a permanent membership

(D) membership of international organisation.

(17) The set of policies on the basis of which countries interact with one another is called

(A) diplomacy

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(B) foreign policy

(C) National policy

(D)international relations

(18) After the defeat of Germany in world war 1, her former colonies were administered
under the league of nation as

(A) occupy territory

(B) trust territories

(C)crown colonies

(D) protectorates

Answers:

1D 2B 3C 4D 5B 6A 7A 8D 9B 10C 11A 12A 13D 14C 15D

16D 17B 18B

List of Ministers in Nigeria

Portfolio(s) Name(s)

Minister of Petroleum President Muhammadu Buhari

Minister of Mines and Steel Development Dr. Uchechukwu Ogah

Minister of FCT Muhammed Musa Bello

Minister of Niger Delta Sen. Godswill Obot Akpabio

Minister of Labour & Employment Chris Ngige

Minister of Environment (State) Sharon Ikeazor

Minister of Education Adamu Adamu

Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, State Amb Maryam Katagum

Minister of Petroleum (State) Timipre Silva

Minister of Special Duties Sen. George Akume

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Minister of Agriculture (State) Mustapha Baba Shehuri

Minister of Power (State) Godwin Jedi-Agba

Minister of Niger Delta (State) Festus Keyamo

Minister of Science and Technology Ogbonnaya Onu

Minister of Health Dr. Osagie Ehanire

Minister of Budget and National Planning (State) Clement Ikanade Agba

Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment Otunba Adeniyi Adebayo

Minister of Foreign Affairs Geoffrey Onyeama

Minister of Communication Dr. Ali Isa Pantami

Minister of Education (State) Emeka Nwajuba

Minister of Water Resources Suleiman Adamu

Minister of Finance, Budget and National Planning Zainab Shamsuna Ahmed

Minister of Environment Dr Mohammad Mahmoud

Minister of Agriculture Mohammed Sabo Nanono

Minister of Defence Maj. Gen. Bashir Magashi (rtd)

Minister of Aviation Hadi Sirika

HAGF and Minister of Justice Abubakar Malami

Minister of FCT (State) Ramatu Tijani Aliyu

Minister of Information and Culture Lai Mohammed

Minister of Transportation (State) Gbemisola Saraki

Minister of Works and Housing Babatunde Raji Fashola Minister of Health (State) Adeleke

Mamora

Minister of Science & Tech (State) Mohammed A. Abdullahi

Minister of Foreign Affairs (State) Amb. Zubairu Dada

Minister of Mines & Steel Development Olamilekan Adegbite

Minister of Labour (State) Sen. Omotayo Alasuadura

Minister of Interior Rauf Aregbesola

Minister of Youth and Sports Sunday Dare

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Minister of Women Affairs Dame Pauline Tallen

Minister of Transportation Rotimi Amaechi

Minister of Police Affairs Mohammed Maigari Dangyadi

Minister of Power Engr. Sale Mamman

Minister of Works and Housing, (State) Abubakar D. Aliyu

Minister of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Sadiya Umar Faruk

Social Development

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