Java Database Connectivity with MySQL

To connect Java application with the MySQL database, we need to follow 5

following steps.

In this example we are using MySql as the database. So we need to know

following informations for the mysql database:

1. Driver class: The driver class for the mysql database

is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.
2. Connection URL: The connection URL for the mysql database
is jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sonoo where jdbc is the API, mysql is the
database, localhost is the server name on which mysql is running, we may
also use IP address, 3306 is the port number and sonoo is the database name.
We may use any database, in such case, we need to replace the sonoo with
our database name.
3. Username: The default username for the mysql database is root.
4. Password: It is the password given by the user at the time of installing the
mysql database. In this example, we are going to use root as the password.

Let's first create a table in the mysql database, but before creating table, we
need to create database first.

1. create database sonoo;

2. use sonoo;
3. create table emp(id int(10),name varchar(40),age int(3));

Example to Connect Java Application with mysql

database
In this example, sonoo is the database name, root is the username and
password both.

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class MysqlCon{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. try{
5. Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
6. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
7. "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sonoo","root","root");
8. //here sonoo is database name, root is username and password
9. Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
10. ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
11. while(rs.next())
12. System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.ge
tString(3));
13. con.close();
14. }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
15. }
 16. }
download this example
The above example will fetch all the records of emp table.

To connect java application with the mysql

database, mysqlconnector.jar file is required to be loaded.

download the jar file mysql-connector.jar

Two ways to load the jar file:

1. Paste the mysqlconnector.jar file in jre/lib/ext folder
2. Set classpath

1) Paste the mysqlconnector.jar file in JRE/lib/ext folder:

Download the mysqlconnector.jar file. Go to jre/lib/ext folder and paste the jar file here

2) Set classpath:
There are two ways to set the classpath:

 temporary
 permanent

How to set the temporary classpath

open command prompt and write:
1. C:>set classpath=c:\folder\mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar;.;

How to set the permanent classpath

Go to environment variable then click on new tab. In variable name
write classpath and in variable value paste the path to the
mysqlconnector.jar file by appending mysqlconnector.jar;.; as C:\folder\
mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar;.;

Connectivity with Access without DSN

There are two ways to connect java application with the access database.

1. Without DSN (Data Source Name)

2. With DSN
Java is mostly used with Oracle, mysql, or DB2 database. So you can learn
this topic only for knowledge.

Example to Connect Java Application with access

without DSN
In this example, we are going to connect the java program with the access
database. In such case, we have created the login table in the access
database. There is only one column in the table named name. Let's get all
the name of the login table.

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class Test{
3. public static void main(String ar[]){
4. try{
5. String database="student.mdb";//Here database exists in the curr
ent directory
6.
7. String url="jdbc:odbc:Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};
8. DBQ=" + database + ";DriverID=22;READONLY=true";

9.
10. Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
11. Connection c=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
12. Statement st=c.createStatement();
13. ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from login");
14.
15. while(rs.next()){
16. System.out.println(rs.getString(1));
17. }
18.
19. }catch(Exception ee){System.out.println(ee);}
20.
21. }}
download this example

Example to Connect Java Application with access

with DSN
Connectivity with type1 driver is not considered good. To connect java
application with type1 driver, create DSN first, here we are assuming your
dsn name is mydsn.

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class Test{
3. public static void main(String ar[]){
4. try{
5. String url="jdbc:odbc:mydsn";
 6. Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
7. Connection c=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
8. Statement st=c.createStatement();
9. ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from login");
10.
11. while(rs.next()){
12. System.out.println(rs.getString(1));
13. }
14.
15. }catch(Exception ee){System.out.println(ee);}
16.
17. }}

DriverManager class
The DriverManager class is the component of JDBC API and also a member of
the java.sql package. The DriverManager class acts as an interface between
users and drivers. It keeps track of the drivers that are available and handles
establishing a connection between a database and the appropriate driver. It
contains all the appropriate methods to register and deregister the database
driver class and to create a connection between a Java application and the
database. The DriverManager class maintains a list of Driver classes that
have registered themselves by calling the method
DriverManager.registerDriver(). Note that before interacting with a Database,
it is a mandatory process to register the driver; otherwise, an exception is
thrown.

Methods of the DriverManager Class

Method Description

is used to register the given driver with

1) public static synchronized void DriverManager. No action is performed b
registerDriver(Driver driver): the method when the given driver is
already registered.

is used to deregister the given driver (d

the driver from the list) with DriverMana
2) public static synchronized void
If the given driver has been removed fro
deregisterDriver(Driver driver):
the list, then no action is performed by t
method.

3) public static Connection is used to establish the connection with

getConnection(String url) throws specified url. The SQLException is throw
SQLException: when the corresponding Driver class of
given database is not registered with th
 DriverManager.

is used to establish the connection with

4) public static Connection specified url, username, and password.
getConnection(String url,String SQLException is thrown when the
userName,String password) throws corresponding Driver class of the given
SQLException: database is not registered with the
DriverManager.

Those drivers that understand the

mentioned URL (present in the paramet
5) public static Driver getDriver(String
of the method) are returned by this met
url)
provided those drivers are mentioned in
list of registered drivers.

The duration of time a driver is allowed

6) pubic static int getLoginTimeout() wait in order to establish a connection w
the database is returned by this method

The method provides the time in second

sec mentioned in the parameter is the
maximum time that a driver is allowed t
7) pubic static void wait in order to establish a connection w
setLoginTimeout(int sec) the database. If 0 is passed in the
parameter of this method, the driver wil
have to wait infinitely while trying to
establish the connection with the datab

A connection object is returned by this

method after creating a connection to th
database present at the mentioned URL
which is the first parameter of this meth
The second parameter, which is "prop",
8) public static Connection fetches the authentication details of the
getConnection(String URL, Properties database (username and password.).
prop) throws SQLException Similar to the other variation of the
getConnection() method, this method al
throws the SQLException, when the
corresponding Driver class of the given
database is not registered with the
DriverManager.
Connection interface
A Connection is a session between a Java application and a database. It helps
to establish a connection with the database.

The Connection interface is a factory of Statement, PreparedStatement, and

DatabaseMetaData, i.e., an object of Connection can be used to get the
object of Statement and DatabaseMetaData. The Connection interface
provide many methods for transaction management like commit(), rollback(),
setAutoCommit(), setTransactionIsolation(), etc.

By default, connection commits the changes after executing

queries.

Commonly used methods of Connection interface:

1) public Statement createStatement(): creates a statement object that
can be used to execute SQL queries.

2) public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType,int

resultSetConcurrency): Creates a Statement object that will generate
ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.

3) public void setAutoCommit(boolean status): is used to set the

commit status. By default, it is true.

4) public void commit(): saves the changes made since the previous
commit/rollback is permanent.

5) public void rollback(): Drops all changes made since the previous
commit/rollback.

6) public void close(): closes the connection and Releases a JDBC

resources immediately.

Connection Interface Fields

There are some common Connection interface constant fields that are
present in the Connect interface. These fields specify the isolation level of a
transaction.

TRANSACTION_NONE: No transaction is supported, and it is indicated by

this constant.

TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED: It is a constant which shows that the

dirty reads are not allowed. However, phantom reads and non-repeatable
reads can occur.

TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED: It is a constant which shows that

dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads can occur.
TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ: It is a constant which shows that the
non-repeatable reads and dirty reads are not allowed. However, phantom
reads and can occur.

TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE: It is a constant which shows that the non-

repeatable reads, dirty reads as well as the phantom reads are not allowed.

Statement interface
The Statement interface provides methods to execute queries with the
database. The statement interface is a factory of ResultSet i.e. it provides
factory method to get the object of ResultSet.

Commonly used methods of Statement interface:

The important methods of Statement interface are as follows:

1) public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql): is used to execute SELECT query. It

returns the object of ResultSet.
2) public int executeUpdate(String sql): is used to execute specified query, it may
create, drop, insert, update, delete etc.
3) public boolean execute(String sql): is used to execute queries that may return
multiple results.
4) public int[] executeBatch(): is used to execute batch of commands.

Example of Statement interface

Let’s see the simple example of Statement interface to insert, update and
delete the record.

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class FetchRecord{
3. public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
4. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
5. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@lo
calhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
6. Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
7.
8. //stmt.executeUpdate("insert into emp765 values(33,'Irfan',50000)")
;
9. //int result=stmt.executeUpdate("update emp765 set name='Vimal',
salary=10000 where id=33");
10. int result=stmt.executeUpdate("delete from emp765 where id
=33");
11. System.out.println(result+" records affected");
12. con.close();
13. }}
ResultSet interface
The object of ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to a row of a table.
Initially, cursor points to before the first row.

By default, ResultSet object can be moved forward only and

it is not updatable.
But we can make this object to move forward and backward direction by
passing either TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE or TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE in
createStatement(int,int) method as well as we can make this object as
updatable by:

1. Statement stmt = con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INS

ENSITIVE,
2. ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);

Commonly used methods of ResultSet interface

is used to move the cursor to the one ro

1) public boolean next():
next from the current position.

is used to move the cursor to the one ro

2) public boolean previous():
previous from the current position.

is used to move the cursor to the first ro

3) public boolean first():
in result set object.

is used to move the cursor to the last ro

4) public boolean last():
result set object.

is used to move the cursor to the specifi

5) public boolean absolute(int row):
row number in the ResultSet object.

is used to move the cursor to the relativ

6) public boolean relative(int row): row number in the ResultSet object, it m
be positive or negative.

is used to return the data of specified

7) public int getInt(int columnIndex):
column index of the current row as int.
 8) public int getInt(String is used to return the data of specified
columnName): column name of the current row as int.

9) public String getString(int is used to return the data of specified

columnIndex): column index of the current row as Strin

10) public String getString(String is used to return the data of specified

columnName): column name of the current row as Strin

Example of Scrollable ResultSet

Let’s see the simple example of ResultSet interface to retrieve the data of 3rd
row.

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class FetchRecord{
3. public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
4.
5. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
6. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@lo
calhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
7. Statement stmt=con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SEN
SITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
8. ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp765");
9.
10. //getting the record of 3rd row
11. rs.absolute(3);
12. System.out.println(rs.getString(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.
getString(3));
13.
14. con.close();
15. }}

PreparedStatement interface
The PreparedStatement interface is a subinterface of Statement. It is used to
execute parameterized query.

Let's see the example of parameterized query:

1. String sql="insert into emp values(?,?,?)";

As you can see, we are passing parameter (?) for the values. Its value will be
set by calling the setter methods of PreparedStatement.
Why use PreparedStatement?
Improves performance: The performance of the application will be faster if
you use PreparedStatement interface because query is compiled only once.

How to get the instance of PreparedStatement?

The prepareStatement() method of Connection interface is used to return the
object of PreparedStatement. Syntax:

1. public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String query)throws

SQLException{}

Methods of PreparedStatement interface

The important methods of PreparedStatement interface are given below:

Method Description

sets the integer value to the given

public void setInt(int paramIndex, int value)
parameter index.

public void setString(int paramIndex, String sets the String value to the given
value) parameter index.

public void setFloat(int paramIndex, float sets the float value to the given parame
value) index.

public void setDouble(int paramIndex, sets the double value to the given
double value) parameter index.

executes the query. It is used for create,

public int executeUpdate()
drop, insert, update, delete etc.

executes the select query. It returns an

public ResultSet executeQuery()
instance of ResultSet.

Example of PreparedStatement interface that inserts the

record
First of all create table as given below:

1. create table emp(id number(10),name varchar2(50));

Now insert records in this table by the code given below:

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class InsertPrepared{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. try{
5. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
6.
7. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@lo
calhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
8.
9. PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("insert into Emp va
lues(?,?)");
10. stmt.setInt(1,101);//1 specifies the first parameter in the quer
y
11. stmt.setString(2,"Ratan");
12.
13. int i=stmt.executeUpdate();
14. System.out.println(i+" records inserted");
15.
16. con.close();
17.
18. }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
19.
20. }
21. }
download this example

Example of PreparedStatement interface that updates the

record
1. PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("update emp set n
ame=? where id=?");
2. stmt.setString(1,"Sonoo");//1 specifies the first parameter in the que
ry i.e. name
3. stmt.setInt(2,101);
4.
5. int i=stmt.executeUpdate();
6. System.out.println(i+" records updated");
download this example

Example of PreparedStatement interface that deletes the

record
 1. PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("delete from emp
where id=?");
2. stmt.setInt(1,101);
3.
4. int i=stmt.executeUpdate();
5. System.out.println(i+" records deleted");
download this example

Example of PreparedStatement interface that retrieve the

records of a table
1. PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("select * from emp
");
2. ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery();
3. while(rs.next()){
4. System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
5. }
download this example

Example of PreparedStatement to insert records until user

press n
1. import java.sql.*;
2. import java.io.*;
3. class RS{
4. public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
5. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
6. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@lo
calhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
7.
8. PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("insert into emp130 v
alues(?,?,?)");
9.
10. BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamRea
der(System.in));
11.
12. do{
13. System.out.println("enter id:");
14. int id=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
15. System.out.println("enter name:");
16. String name=br.readLine();
17. System.out.println("enter salary:");
18. float salary=Float.parseFloat(br.readLine());
19.
20. ps.setInt(1,id);
21. ps.setString(2,name);
 22. ps.setFloat(3,salary);
23. int i=ps.executeUpdate();
24. System.out.println(i+" records affected");
25.
26. System.out.println("Do you want to continue: y/n");
27. String s=br.readLine();
28. if(s.startsWith("n")){
29. break;
30. }
31. }while(true);
32.
33. con.close();
34. }}

Java ResultSetMetaData Interface

The metadata means data about data i.e. we can get further information
from the data.

If you have to get metadata of a table like total number of column, column
name, column type etc. , ResultSetMetaData interface is useful because it
provides methods to get metadata from the ResultSet object.

Commonly Used Methods Of

Resultsetmetadata Interface
Method Description

public int getColumnCount()throws It returns the total number of columns in

SQLException the ResultSet object.

public String getColumnName(int It returns the column name of the specifi

index)throws SQLException column index.

public String getColumnTypeName(int It returns the column type name for the
index)throws SQLException specified index.

public String getTableName(int It returns the table name for the specifie
index)throws SQLException column index.

How to get the object of ResultSetMetaData:

The getMetaData() method of ResultSet interface returns the object of ResultSetMetaD
Syntax:
1. public ResultSetMetaData getMetaData()throws SQLException

Example of ResultSetMetaData interface :

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class Rsmd{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. try{
5. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
6. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
7. "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
8.
9. PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("select * from emp");

10. ResultSet rs=ps.executeQuery();

11. ResultSetMetaData rsmd=rs.getMetaData();
12.
13. System.out.println("Total columns: "+rsmd.getColumnCount())
;
14. System.out.println("Column Name of 1st column: "+rsmd.getC
olumnName(1));
15. System.out.println("Column Type Name of 1st column: "+rsm
d.getColumnTypeName(1));
16.
17. con.close();
18. }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
19. }
20. }
Output:

Total columns: 2
Column Name of 1st column: ID
Column Type Name of 1st column: NUMBER

Java DatabaseMetaData interface

DatabaseMetaData interface provides methods to get meta data of a
database such as database product name, database product version, driver
name, name of total number of tables, name of total number of views etc.
Commonly used methods of
DatabaseMetaData interface
o public String getDriverName()throws SQLException: it returns
the name of the JDBC driver.

o public String getDriverVersion()throws SQLException: it

returns the version number of the JDBC driver.

o public String getUserName()throws SQLException: it returns

the username of the database.

o public String getDatabaseProductName()throws

SQLException: it returns the product name of the database.

o public String getDatabaseProductVersion()throws

SQLException: it returns the product version of the database.

o public ResultSet getTables(String catalog, String

schemaPattern, String tableNamePattern, String[]
types)throws SQLException: it returns the description of the
tables of the specified catalog. The table type can be TABLE, VIEW,
ALIAS, SYSTEM TABLE, SYNONYM etc.

How to get the object of DatabaseMetaData:

The getMetaData() method of Connection interface returns the object of
DatabaseMetaData. Syntax:

1. public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData()throws SQLException

Simple Example of DatabaseMetaData interface :

1. import java.sql.*;
2. class Dbmd{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. try{
5. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
6.
7. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
8. "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
9. DatabaseMetaData dbmd=con.getMetaData();
10.
11. System.out.println("Driver Name: "+dbmd.getDriverName());
12. System.out.println("Driver Version: "+dbmd.getDriverVersion()
);
13. System.out.println("UserName: "+dbmd.getUserName());
 14. System.out.println("Database Product Name: "+dbmd.getData
baseProductName());
15. System.out.println("Database Product Version: "+dbmd.getDa
tabaseProductVersion());
16.
17. con.close();
18. }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
19. }
20. }

Output:Driver Name: Oracle JDBC Driver

Driver Version: 10.2.0.1.0XE
Database Product Name: Oracle
Database Product Version: Oracle Database 10g Express Edition
Release 10.2.0.1.0 -Production

download this example

Example of DatabaseMetaData interface that prints total

number of tables :
1. import java.sql.*;
2. class Dbmd2{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. try{
5. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
6.
7. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
8. "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
9.
10. DatabaseMetaData dbmd=con.getMetaData();
11. String table[]={"TABLE"};
12. ResultSet rs=dbmd.getTables(null,null,null,table);
13.
14. while(rs.next()){
15. System.out.println(rs.getString(3));
16. }
17.
18. con.close();
19.
20. }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
21.
22. }
23. }
download this example
Example of DatabaseMetaData interface that prints total
number of views :
1. import java.sql.*;
2. class Dbmd3{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. try{
5. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
6.
7. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
8. "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
9.
10. DatabaseMetaData dbmd=con.getMetaData();
11. String table[]={"VIEW"};
12. ResultSet rs=dbmd.getTables(null,null,null,table);
13.
14. while(rs.next()){
15. System.out.println(rs.getString(3));
16. }
17.
18. con.close();
19.
20. }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
21.
22. }
23. }
download this example