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Tree Data Structures Tutorial

This document provides a comprehensive tutorial on tree data structures, covering types of trees, basic terminology, traversals, and specific implementations like binary search trees and heaps. It also discusses advanced concepts such as segment trees, lowest common ancestor, and includes code examples and sample problems. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding trees for mastering advanced data structures and algorithms.

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2 views4 pages

Tree Data Structures Tutorial

This document provides a comprehensive tutorial on tree data structures, covering types of trees, basic terminology, traversals, and specific implementations like binary search trees and heaps. It also discusses advanced concepts such as segment trees, lowest common ancestor, and includes code examples and sample problems. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding trees for mastering advanced data structures and algorithms.

Uploaded by

gemsofpw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Comprehensive Tutorial on Tree Data

Structures
1. Introduction
A Tree is a widely used abstract data type that simulates a hierarchical tree structure with a
set of connected nodes. It is non-linear and consists of a root and subtrees of children with a
parent node.

2. Types of Trees
- General Tree
- Binary Tree
- Binary Search Tree (BST)
- AVL Tree
- Red-Black Tree
- B-Tree
- Heap
- Trie

3. Basic Tree Terminology


- Node: Element of a tree
- Root: Top node
- Leaf: Node with no children
- Internal Node: Has at least one child
- Height: Length of the longest path from root to leaf
- Depth: Distance from root to node
- Degree: Number of children
- Subtree: Tree formed by a node and its descendants

4. Tree Traversals
- Preorder: Root -> Left -> Right
- Inorder: Left -> Root -> Right
- Postorder: Left -> Right -> Root
- Level Order: Traverse level by level using a queue
5. Binary Trees
Binary Tree can be stored using pointers or arrays.
Operations:
- Traversal
- Insertion
- Deletion

6. Binary Search Trees (BST)


Insertion: Recursively place nodes based on value
Deletion: Replace with inorder successor/predecessor
Search: Traverse left or right based on comparison

Time Complexity:
- Best: O(log n)
- Worst: O(n)

7. Balanced Trees
AVL Trees:
- Balance factor: -1, 0, 1
- Rotations: LL, RR, LR, RL

Red-Black Tree:
- Node is red or black
- Root is always black
- Red node can’t have red child

8. Heap Trees
Min Heap: Parent < Children
Max Heap: Parent > Children
Applications: Priority Queue, Heap Sort

9. Trie (Prefix Tree)


Insertion: Create nodes as needed
Search: Follow characters
Applications: Dictionary, Autocomplete, Spellchecker
10. Segment Trees & Fenwick Trees
- Segment Tree: Range queries & updates
- Fenwick Tree: Efficient prefix sums

11. Advanced Concepts


- Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA)
- Diameter of Tree
- Tree to DLL Conversion
- Expression Trees

12. Code Examples


class Node:
def __init__(self, key):
self.left = self.right = None
self.val = key

def inorder(root):
if root:
inorder(root.left)
print(root.val)
inorder(root.right)

13. Sample Problems


- Convert Sorted Array to BST
- Validate BST
- Diameter of Tree
- LCA in Binary Tree
- Trie Implementation

14. Diagrams
Include diagrams using draw.io or hand-drawn versions for:
- AVL Rotations
- Trie Structure
- Tree Traversals

15. Conclusion
Trees are essential in solving hierarchical and recursive problems. Understanding trees
builds the foundation for mastering advanced data structures and algorithms.
Created by: [Your Name]

Submission for: MERITSHOT TC.35968.2026.52853

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