PAPER 28

THE HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT FROM THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT DAY

READING LIST: 2011-12 C. A. Bayly [email protected]

The History of The Indian Subcontinent From The Late Eighteenth Century To The Present Day A fifth of the world's population lives in the Indian subcontinent. While today the regions place in the global world order is widely recognised, this is in fact only the most recent chapter in a longer history. This paper offers an understanding of the part played by the Indian subcontinent role and its people in the making of the modern world. From the decline of the great empire of the Mughals and the rise of British hegemony, to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups in the expansion of the East India Company's activities. It tracks the emergence of modern intelligentsias and their definitions of what constituted proper religious, public and domestic behaviour. The paper places these changes in the context of the concurrent decline of Indian handicrafts and the impact of British revenue arrangements on rural society, and explores India's place in the development of global capitalism. The central section of this paper is framed by the dramatic events associated with the rise of nationalism. It explores anti-colonial movements and Gandhian politics in the 1920s, 30s and 40s, and the events that led up to the Partition of 1947. Students may, however, opt to study, among other topics: the society and culture of particular Indian regions; the changing conditions of the peasant, tribal and industrial worker, the incidence of famine, the economic impact of free trade and the nature of colonial governmentality, all subjects which have benefited from recent research. The paper goes on to examine political developments in South Asia since Independence. It considers relations between centre and the states, planned development, affirmative action and the rise of the Hindu right in India; the dominance of the Army in Pakistan and problems of instability and militancy in Bangladesh. Primary Sources are suggested for each topic and marked with an asterisk *. You will get most out of each topic if you make time to consult these, as well as the secondary material. Some of these sources are online, in which case the website is given. To supplement these, films and novels are also suggested for some topics. Libraries (in addition to Seeley and UL) FAMES, Sidgwick Avenue Centre of South Asian Studies Library, Laundress Lane Note: For articles in less accessible journals, use the journals website of the University Library, which will give you access to many journals online.

Topics

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11.
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

State and society in 18th century India: decline or decentralisation? British expansion in India in the 18th and early 19th century Imperial transitions: ideology, race, gender and culture 1757-1840 The 'age of reform' or the 'liberal moment', 1830-1850 The rebellion of 1857 Economy and society under the Raj: famines and Victorian holocausts Statecraft and Colonial 'governmentality' Recasting religion: Nationalisation of Hinduism 'Invented identities': caste, tribe and resistance Recasting Muslim identity and Colonial Rule The rise of Indian nationalism: perspectives and approaches The Indian National Congress, 1885-1920 The economy and nationalism: Home Industry/Home-Rule, 1880-1910 Political institutions under the Raj: the census and the growth of representative politics Imagining India: Nationalist thought Gandhi, Gandhism and 'mass nationalism' Structures of power and politics in the Indian empire, 1920-1945 Muslim politics between the wars, 1918-1939 The urban age: industry and capitalism, 1890-1939 The end of empire: partition and independence The transition to democracy in India: constitution-making, the command economy and the 'Congress system' Language, region and the challenges of federalism, India, 1947-70 Challenges to democracy in India: the Emergency and the rise of Hindu nationalism India's political economy and liberalisation since the early 1990s Constitution-making, the army and the challenges of federalism, Pakistan, 1940-70 Conflict and war in the Indian subcontinent: the question of Kashmir The creation of Bangladesh: war, militancy and militarism Globalisation, Liberalisation and the Culture of New India The history of Sri Lanka.

General reading: Modern South Asia Gordon Johnson C. A Bayly Sugata Bose and A Jalal C.A. Bayly Tirthankar Roy T.R. Metcalf Sumit Sarkar Sunil Khilnani Paul Brass Ram Guha S Corbridge & J Harriss Raychaudhuri et al A Cultural Atlas of India (New York, 1996) The Raj: India and the British 1600-1947 Modern South Asia. History, culture and political economy (London, 1998) Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (Cambridge, 1988) The Economic History of India, 1857-1947, (Delhi, 2000) Ideologies of the Raj (Cambridge, 1998) Modern India 18851947 (London, 1989) The Idea of India (London, 1998) The Politics of India since Independence (Cambridge, 1990) India after Gandhi. The History of the World's Largest Democracy (2007) Reinventing India, (,2000) Cambridge Economic History of India (2005)

Stephen Hay (ed.) R.Guha and G.Spivak Bernard S Cohn Thomas Blom Hansen

Sources of Indian Tradition, vol. 2 (Excellent source of primary material) Selected Subaltern Studies (1998) An Anthropologist Among Historians (1990) The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism (1999)

The New Cambridge History of India volumes provide synoptic overviews of key themes with extensive bibliographies

General reading: imperialism, nationalism and decolonisation Eric Hobsbawm Benedict Anderson J Breuilly Edward Said C A Bayly R Owen and B Sutcliffe John Darwin Frederick Cooper Cooper and Stoler (ed.) Arjun Appadurai Dipesh Chakrabarty Nations and Nationalism since 1780, Cambridge, 1990 Imagined Communities: Reflections on Nationalism, London, 1983 Nationalism and the State, Manchester, 1982 Orientalism, New York, 1979 Imperial Meridian: the British Empire and the World, London, 1989 Studies in the Theory of Imperialism, London, 1972 Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World. Colonialism in Question: Theory Knowledge History, 2005 Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World, 1997 Modernity at Large: Cultural dimensions of Globalization, 1996 Provinicializing Europe, 2000

Memoirs and novels: Rudyard Kipling E M Forster Rabindrath Tagore Salman Rushdie Amitav Ghosh W H Sleeman J Strachey Jawaharlal Nehru M. K Gandhi Saadat Hasan Manto, Pankaj Mishra VS Naipaul Suketu Mehta Amartya Sen Kim (edited by Edward Said), London, 1987 A Passage to India, London, 1978 The Home and the World, London, 1985 Midnight's Children, London, 1981. Shadowlines, London, 1988. Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official, (reprint Karachi, 1973) India: Its Administration and Progress, London, 1903 The Discovery of India, Bombay, 1964 The Story of My Experiments with Truth (ed. Sunil Khilnani), London 2001. Kingdoms End and other stories (London, 1987) The Romantics, London 1999 Half a Life, 2002 Maximum City, 2004 The Argumentative Indian, 2005

You are strongly advised to consult key journals for articles: Modern Asian Studies, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Journal of Asian Studies, South Asia, Journal of Peasant Studies, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Contributions to Indian Sociology, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. For contemporary discussions see especially Economic and Political Weekly. For newspaper coverage see The Hindu, or Times of India (India), Dawn (Pakistan) and Daily Star (Bangladesh).

Below: MAS=Modern Asian Studies; IESHR=Indian Economic and Social History Review; JAS=Journal of Asian Studies; HJ=Historical Journal; MIH=Modern Intellectual History; EPW=Economic and Political Weekly; CSSH= Comparative Studies in Society and History.

NB: in the reading list that follows, suggested readings for weekly essays are set out in bold type. Longer lists are appended as a guide to students wanting to expand their knowledge or wishing to write a Part II dissertation.

Topic 1: India Between Empires: Decline or Decentralisation? Q. Was Mughal decline inevitable? Discuss the view that Indian society and economy was divided but buoyant in the eighteenth century. Robert Travers, Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth-century India, Eighteenth century studies, 40, 3, 2007 (available on web) C.A.Bayly Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire ch.1-3 Muzaffar Alam The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India Alavi, Seema (ed.) The Eighteenth Century in India Peter Marshall British Bridgehead, ch 1-2 D. A Washbrook Progress and Problems: South Asian Economic and Social History 17201860 MAS 1988 C.A. Bayly Rulers, townsmen and bazaars Bernard S Cohn Political Systems in 18c India in his Anthropologist among Historians Robert Travers Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth Century India M Alam and The Mughal State 1526-1750, Delhi 1998 (see introduction) S Subrahmanyam (ed.), J Heesterman Western expansion; Indian reaction: Mughal Empire and British Raj, in J C Heesterman, The Inner Conflict of Tradition, Chicago, 1985 Stewart Gordon The Marathas, Marauders and State Formation J S Grewal The Sikhs of Punjab R. OHanlon and D. Washbrook Religious cultures in early modern India (forthcoming, 2011) Karen Leonard Social History of an Indian Caste: the Kayasths of Hyderabad J. R McLane Land and Local Kingship in 18 C Bengal Susanne Rudolph State Formation in South Asia' JAS 1987 K N. Chaudhuri Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to1750 pp.80117 Sumit Guha An Indian Penal Regime, Past and Present 1997 M.Athar Ali The passing of an empire: The Mughal case, MAS 1985 Richard Barnett North India between Empire, 1987 Jos Gommans The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire, 1995. Robert Travers 'The Eighteenth Century in Indian History', Eighteenth-Century Studies 40.3 (2007) 492-508, and Travers 'Imperial Revolutions and Global Repercussions: South Asia and the World, c. 1750-1850', in S. Subrahmanyam and D Armitage eds, The Age of Revolutions in Global Context (Palgrave, 2010), pp. 144-166. The cultures of history in early modern India (OUP, 2009)

Kumkum Chatterjee

Topic 2: East India Company: Land, Trade &the Dominion of Empire, 1757-1857 Q How important were British revenue settlements in transforming Indian rural society before the mutiny? Q. How would you characterise the East India Company before 1790 a global trading company or a political institution? Travers (above)

Lawrence Stone (ed.) Seema Alavi PJ Marshall

Ranajit Guha Jon Wilson Michael Fisher Claude Markovits Kumkum Chatterjee Eric Stokes Anand Yang C A Bayly Philip J Stern Peter Marshall K. N. Chaudhuri Sumit Guha David Ludden DHS Kolff Sudipta Sen Philip J Stern,

An Imperial State at War Sepoy and the Company Reappraisals: the rise of British power in 18th-century India, South Asia 19, 1 (1996); Problems of Empire: Britain and India; Bengal: The British Bridgehead (NCHI, 1987), esp. chapter 3 British in Oudh, MAS (1975); (ed.) OHBE, II, chapters 1, 2224 by Marshall, Ray, Bowen A Rule of Property for Bengal Early colonial India beyond empire Historical Journal, 2007. Indirect Rule in India The Global World of Indian Merchants 2000 Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India The Peasant and the Raj The Limited Raj Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars, ch. 5-7 British Asia and British Atlantic: Comparisons and Connections William and Mary Quarterly, 2006 The Making and Unmaking of Empires 2005 The East India Company The Bombay Deccan Peasant History in South India Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy Empire of Free Trade " 'A Politie of Civill & Military Power': Political Thought and the Late Seventeenth-Century Foundations of the East India Company-State," Journal of British Studies 47 (April 2008).

On silver flows in early colonial India: HV Bowen, 'Bullion for Trade, War and Debt-relief: British Movement of Silver to, around and from Asia 1760-1833', Modern Asian Studies, 44, 3, 2010 **Good biographies of key actors include: John Rosselli, Lord William Bentinck, Burton Stein, Thomas Munro, Ainslee Embree, Charles Grant and British Rule in India, and Percival Spear, Master of Bengal. Clive and his India

Topic 3: Imperial Transitions: Race, Gender and Culture, c. 1757-1840 Q. In what ways and to what effects did orientalism and race define the Indo-British encounter in the early nineteenth century? Q. Why and how was the status of women significant for colonial law? Eric Stokes C A Bayly Ronald Inden Indrani Chatterjee Radhika Singha Lata Mani Javed Majeed David Washbrook David Skuy Ronald Inden Shruti Kapila Juan R I Cole E. M. Collingham Veena Oldenburg, English Utilitarians and India, ch 1-3 Empire and Information, ch. 1-5 Imagining India Gender Slavery and the Law in Colonial India A Despotism of Law Contentious Traditions Ungoverned Imaginings Law, State and Society MAS 1981 Macaulay and the Indian Penal Code of 1862, MAS 1998 Orientalist Constructions of India, MAS 1986 Race Matters: Orientalism and Religion, 1770-1880, MAS 2007 The Roots of Shiism in Iran and North India Imperial Bodies Lifestyle as Resistance: the Case of the Courtesans in Graff, Violette,, et al. (ed.) Lucknow: Memoirs of a City

Jeevan Deol Durba Ghosh Thomas Trautmann Michael S Dodson S. N. Mukerjee K. Ballhatchet Peter van der Veer & C Breckenridge Jamal Malik (ed.) Michael Fisher

Sex, Social Critique and the Female Figure, MAS 2002 Sex and the Family in the Making of Empire Aryans and British India Orientalism Empire and National Culture Sir William Jones Race Sex and Class under the Raj Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament (Relevant essays) Perspectives of Mutual Encounter in South Asian History The Travels of Dean Mahomet

**This would be the moment to read critically William Dalrymples White Mughals

Topic 4: The Liberal Moment: Religion, Education and Elites in the mid 19C Q. In what ways and for what reasons did Indians challenge and transform liberal ideas between 18001860? David Kopf Eric Stokes Jon Wilson C A Bayly LynnZastoupil, Sumanta Banerjee Javed Majeed Tapan Raychaudhuri Tapan Raychaudhuri Peter Hardy Thomas Metcalf Lynn Zastophil et al Andrew Sartori Brian Hatcher G.O. Trevelyan David Kopf Sukanta Chaudhuri S. N.Mukherjee (ed.) Jon E Wilson Partha Chatterjee (ed.) Narayani Gupta Susan Bayly Niels Brimnes Sandia Freitag Vasudha Dalmia S Bhattacharya (ed.) British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance English Utilitarians and India, ch 1-3 Early colonial India beyond empire Historical Journal, 2007. Rammohan Roy and the Advent of Constitutional Liberalism in India, MIH 2007 Rammohan Roy and the making of Victorian Britain (2010) The Parlour and the Street Ungoverned Imaginings Europe in Indias Xenology, Past and Present 1992 Europe Reconsidered Muslims of British India, ch 1-3 Ideologies of the Raj J.S.Mills Encounter with India Bengal in global concept history (2008) ch. 3 Bourgeois Hinduism (2008) The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay The Brahmo Samaj and the Mind of Modern India Calcutta the Living City, Vol 1. Elites in South Asia The domination of strangers Texts of Power Urbanism in South India: 18th and 19th Centuries in Indu Banga, (ed.) City in Indian History Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in south Indian Society 1700-1900 (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 151-86 Constructing the colonial encounter: right and left hand castes in early colonial South India Culture and Power in Benaras Representing Hinduism Locating Indian History (relevant essays)

Topic 5: 1857 and Peasant Rebellions in the Nineteenth Century

Q. A typical peasant rebellion writ large or the first war of Indian independence? Why have the events of 1857-8 been elusive to characterise?

Awadh in Revolt The Peasant and the Raj The Peasant Armed (and review article by G Pandey, View of the observable, in JPS, 1980 Ranajit Guha Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency C A Bayly Empire and Information, ch 9 Ranajit Guha 'The Prose of Counter-Insurgency Subaltern Studies William Pinch Peasants and Monks in British India Kim Wagner The great fear of 1857 (2010) Francis Hutchins Illusions of Permanence Thomas Metcalf Aftermath of the Revolt David Omissi The Sepoy and the Raj Gautam Bhadra Four Rebels of 1857 in Subaltern Studies IV Marx and Engels 'First Indian War of Independence' Narayani Gupta Delhi Between Empires *W H Sleeman A Journey through the Kingdom of Oude 1849-50, London, 1858 *Sir John Kaye The History of the Sepoy War in India, 1857-58, Vol I, London, 1874 S N Sen 1857, Delhi, 1957 Seema Alavi The Sepoys and the Company, Delhi, 1998 Sashi Bhushan Chaudhuri Civil Rebellion in the Indian Mutinies, Calcutta, 1957 David Baker Mutiny in Central India, MAS, 1991 Douglas Peers The Habitual Nobility of Being. British Officials and the Social Construction of the Bengal Army in the Early Nineteenth Century, MAS 1991 E I Brodkin Struggle for sucession, MAS, 1972 David Arnold Islam, the Mapillas and Peasant revolt in Malabar, Journal of Peasant Studies, 9, 4, 1982 Radhika Singha Providential Circumstances. The Thuggee Campaign of the 1830s MAS, 1993. Seema Alavi The Company Army and Rural Society, MAS, 1993. Tapti Roy Visions of the Rebels. A Study of 1857 in Bundelkhand, MAS, 1993 **You could watch Satyajit Rays The Chess Players, or Shyam Benegal's 'Junoon'.

R. Mukherjee Eric Stokes Eric Stokes

Topic 6: Rural Commerce: Famines and Victorian Holocausts Q Did the commercialisation of agriculture lead to famines in the nineteenth century? David Arnold B M Bhatia Mike Davis D Hall-Matthews David Hardiman Michelle Mc Alpin Jairus Banaji Louis Dumont Ramchandra Guha S Ambirajan R. C. Dutt Michael Mann Paul Greenough Famine: Social Crises and Historical Change also essays by him in Subaltern Studies III and Past and Present 1979 Famines in India Late Victorian Holocausts 2001 Peasants Famine and the State 2005 Feeding the Bania Subject to Famine Capitalist Domination and the Small Peasantry EPW 1977 The village community from Munro to Maine Contributions to Indian Sociology 1966 The unquiet Woods Political Economy and Indian Famines, South Asia 1971 Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines 1900 British Rule on Indian Soil 1999 Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal (on 1943 famine but important)

Sanjay Sharma A K Sen N Bhattacharya Sugata Bose (ed.) Gyan Prakash Tim Dyson (ed.)

Famine, Philanthropy and the Colonial State Famine Mortality in E J Hobsbawm (ed.) Peasants in History Lenders and Debtors: Punjab countryside 1880-1940 Studies in History n.s. 1985 Credit, Markets and the Agrarian Economy of Colonial India 91994) Bonded Histories Indias Historical Demography: Studies in Famine, Disease &Society

**You could read Verrier Elwin Leaves from the Jungle: Life in a Gond Village (1936), and see Satyajit Ray's classic film Pather Panchali, or Mrinal Sen's 'Akaler Sandhaney - In search of famine'. The recent Bollywood blockbuster, Lagaan, is an entertaining look at British land revenue demands.

Topic 7: Colonial Governmentality: Effects of the Colonial State and Science Q. Did knowledge translate into power in colonial India? Matthew Edney Bernard S Cohn C A Bayly William Pinch David Arnold Gyan Prakash David Arnold R S Chandavarkar Mark Harrison David Scott Kavita Philip Gauri Viswanathan Deepak Kumar Kapil Raj R Suamarez Smith Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India 1999 Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge Empire and Information, ch. 7-8 Same Difference in Europe and India History and Theory 1999 Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India Another Reason, Science and the Imagination of Modern India 1999 Colonising the Body, Berkeley, 1993 Imperial Power and Popular Politics, Cambridge, 1997, ch 8 Climates and Constitutions Colonial Governmentality Social Text 1998 Civilizing Natures 2004 Masks of Conquest. Literary Study and British Rule in India, 1990 Science and the Raj Locating Modern Science 2005 Rule-by-records and rule-by-reports: complementary aspects of the British imperial rule of law, Contributions to Indian Sociology (n.s.), 19, 1, 1985 Number in Colonial Imagination in Van der Veer and Breckenridge (ed.) Orientalism and Postcolonial Predicament Camera Indica Ch 1.

Arjun Appadurai Christopher Pinney

* You could read the highly entertaining thriller Calcutta Chromosome by Amitav Ghosh on the invention of the cure for malaria by Ronald Ross in Calcutta. Hari Kunzru's 'The Impressionist' is amusing on colonial phrenology and princely pecadillos.

Topic 8: Recasting Religion: Making Hinduism National, 1850-1920 Q. How and with what consequences was Hinduism transformed by 1920? Andrew Sartori Peter van der Veer Tanika Sarkar Bengal in global concept history (2008) Gods on Earth Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation

Mark Juergensmeyer Religion as a Social Vision David Lorenzon Who invented Hinduism?, CSSH 1999 Shruti Kapila and Faisal Devji (eds.) The Bhagavad Gita and modern thought, Modern Intellectual History, 7, 2, 2010 Kenneth Jones Socio-Religious Reform Movements in India Kenneth Jones Arya Dharma Leela Gandhi Affective communities (2006) Rosalind OHanlon Caste Conflict and Ideology Radha Kumar A History of Doing (on gender) Sandria Frietag Collective Action and Community Sudipta Kaviraj Two Histories of Bengali in Sheldon Pollock (ed.) Literary Cultures of South Asia 2004 K Prior Making History: The States Intervention in Religious Disputes, MAS, 1993 Kama MacLean Making the Colonial State work for you: Modern beginnings of Kumbh Mela Journal of Asian Studies, 2003 H. Kulke (ed.) Hinduism Reconsidered Partha Mitter Much Maligned Monsters William Radice Swami Vivekananda and the Modernisation of Hinduism, 1998 Joseph Alter Somatic Nationalism: Indian Wrestling and Militant Hinduism, MAS 1994 Charles Heimsath Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social Reform, Princeton, 1964 Vasudha Dalmia Nationalization of Hindu Tradition Charu Gupta Sexuality, Obscenity, Community C R King Forging a new linguistic identity, in S Freitag (ed.) Culture and power in Benares. Romila Thapar Imagined Religious Communities? Ancient History and the Modern Search for a Hindu Identity MAS, 1989. Cristophe Jaffrelot The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics, London, 1996. William Pinch Peasants and monks in British India, 1996 G D Sontheimer and H Kulke Hinduism Reconsidered, Delhi, 1989. Peter Van der Veer Religious Nationalism. Hindus and Muslims in India, Berkeley, 1994 Gyanendra Pandey The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India, Delhi, 1990 Anand Yang 'Sacred Symbol and Sacred Space', CSSH, 22, 4, 1980 N Gooptu 'The Urban Poor and Militant Hinduism in Early Twentieth Century UP', MAS, 31, October 1997 Topic 9: Invented Identities? Caste, Tribe and Resistance Q. Was caste invented in the nineteenth century? Q. How did caste and social hierarchy change over the course of the nineteenth century? Susan Bayly Sudipta Kaviraj Nicholas Dirks Special Issue on Caste R O'Hanlon Vijay Prashad Peter Robb (ed.) Arjun Appadurai Bernard Cohn *H H Risley *Abbe Dubois Caste Politics and Indian Society Imaginary Institution of Indian Society Subaltern Studies VII Castes of Mind Indian Economic and Social History Review, 2004 Caste Conflict and Ideology, Cambridge, 1985 Untouchable Freedom: A Social History of a Dalit Community The Concept of Race in South Asia Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule, Cambridge, 1982 An Anthropologist among Historians and other essays The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Calcutta, 1891. A Description of the Character, Manners and Customs of the People of India, London, 1817

10

Sanjay Nigam Meena Radhakrishnan Ajay Skaria Rajni Kothari (ed.) N Dirks, The invention of caste Rashmi Pant David Washbrook Radhika Singha F Conlon Dharma Kumar N Dirks

Disciplining and policing criminals by birth, 2 parts, Indian Economic and Social History Review,1989. Criminal Tribes Act in Madras,IESHR 1990 Hybrid Histories Caste in Indian Politics see essay by Elanor Zelliott on Mahars Social Analysis 1989 The cognitive status of caste in colonial ethnography IESHR, 1987 Law, State and Society, MAS, 1981 A despotism of law. Crime and justice in early colonial India, New (From Faujdari to Faujdari Adalat) A Caste in a Changing World, Berkeley, 1977 Land and Caste in South India, Cambridge, 1965 Castes of Mind, Representations, 1992.

Topic 10: Recasting religion Muslim identity, 1850-1920 Q. Why and in what ways did Muslim politics emerge as distinctive after the mutiny of 1857? FCR Robinson C A Bayly Barbara Daly Metcalf Faisal Devji Christopher King Michael Anderson Ayesha Jalal Separatism among Indian Muslims, Cambridge, 1974 'The Prehistory of Communalism', MAS, 1985 Islamic Revival in British India, Berkeley, 1982 Apologetic Modernity, Modern Intellectual History, 2, 2007 One Language Two Scripts Islamic Law and the Colonial Encounter David Arnold and Peter Robb (ed.) Ideologies and Institutions Exploding Communalism: Politics of Muslim Identity in Bose and Jalal (ed.) Nationalism, Democracy and Development Self and Sovereignty in Indian Islam. Aligarh's First Generation, Princeton, 1977 The Indian Musalmans: Are they bound in conscience to rebel against the Queen, London, 1871 Strictures on the Present State of English Education in India, London, 1869 The Bengal Muslims 1871-1906: A Quest for Identity, Delhi, 1981 Sayyid Ahmed Khan: A Reinterpretation of Muslim Theology, New Delhi, 1978 The Muslims of British India, Cambridge, 1972 'Historical Approaches to Communalism', in Peter Robb (ed.), Society and Ideology. Essays in South Asian History, 1993 Conversion to Islam: Untouchables strategy for protest in India Muslim Communities in South Asia Muslims and Missionaries in pre Mutiny India Devotional Islam and Politics of British India 1996 Muslim Endowments and Society in British India 1993 The Muslim Microcosm, Calcutaa 1918-1935 Genre and Devotion in Punjabi Popular Narrative: Rethinking Cultural and Religious Syncreticism', CSSH, 2006

David Lelyveld, *W W Hunter *Sayyid Ahmad Khan Rafiuddin Ahmed C Troll Peter Hardy Rosalind O'Hanlon Abdul Malik Mujahid T. N. Madan (ed.) Avrill Powell Usha Sanyal G. Kozlowski Kenneth McPherson Farina Mir

TOPICS 11- 17 INDIAN NATIONALISM:

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**This part of the reading list is inter-related and you are advised to read across the different themes for addressing essay topics.
POLITICAL MEMOIRS BIOGRPAHIES AND TEXTS: B.B. Majumdar History of Political Though from Rammohan to Dayananda 1934 Annemarie Schimmel Gabriels Wing: A study into the religious ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal Sri Aurobindo Doctrine of Passive Resistance 1948 BR Nanda Gokhale 1977 S Gopal Jawaharlal Nehru Vols 1-3 Leonard Gordon Brothers Against the Raj A Bigraphyo of Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose 1990 Rani Shankardass Vallabhbhai Patel 1988 Richard Cashman The Myth of the Lokmanya, Berkeley, 1975 E Thompson &G T Garratt, Rise and Fulfiment of British Rule in India, (1934), Allahabad, 1962. Bankimchandra Chatterjee Anandamath Rabindranath Tagore Gora, London, 1912 Surendra Nath Banerjee A Nation in the Making. Being the Reminiscences of Fifty Years of Public Life, Calcutta, 1963 Dadabhai Naoroji Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India, Delhi, 1962 B R Ambedkar Gandhi and Gandhism, Jullunder, 1970 E M S Namboodiripad The Mahatma and the 'Ism', New Delhi, 1958. M K Gandhi The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Ahmedabad, 1927 M K Gandhi Hind Swaraj and Other Writings (ed. A J Parel), 1997 Bepin Chandra Pal Memories of my Life and Times, (1932), Calcutta, 1973. Rabindranath Tagore Nationalism, London, 1917 Jawaharlal Nehru An Autobiography, Bombay, 1962 Rajani Palme Dutt India To-day, London, 1940 Abdul Kalam Azad An intellectual and Religious biography ed. Gail Minault and Christian Troll ** You could watch Rebels of the Raj a documentary on Subhas Bose, and of course, David Attenborough's Gandhi.

Topic 11: Indian Nationalism: Historiography and debates Q. What has been the contribution of Subaltern Studies and the Cambridge School to our understanding of Indian nationalism? Q. Why has the study of Indian nationalism proven to be divisive? Anil Seal Sumit Sarkar M Torri Anil Seal David Hardiman Ranajit Guha G Pandey Rosalind OHanlon The Emergence of Indian Nationalism, Cambridge, 1968. Popular Movements and Middle Class Leadership in Late Colonial India: Perspectives and Problems of a History from Below, Calcutta, 1985. Westernised Middle-Class Intellectuals and Society in Late Colonial India, EPW, 25, 4, 1990 Imperialism and Nationalism in J A Gallagher et al (eds), Locality, Province, Nation., MAS, 1973. The Indian Faction: A Political Theory Explained, in R Guha (ed), Subaltern Studies Vol 1. On Some Aspects of the Historiography of Colonial India in Ranajit Guha (ed), Subaltern Studies Vol 1. View of the observable, in JPS, 1980 Recovering the Subject. Subaltern Studies and the Histories of Resistance in Colonial South Asia, MAS, 1988 (review article)

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OHanlon & Washbrook 'After Orientalism: Culture, Criticism and Politics in the Third World, CSSH, 34, 1, 1992 Gyan Prakash Can the Subaltern Ride? CSSH, 34,1,1992 Gayatri Spivak Can the Subaltern Speak? in her Selected Subaltern Studies: A Reader Dipesh Chakrabarty Habitations of Modernity: Essays in the Wake of Subaltern Studies 2004 Sumit Sarkar Beyond Nationalist Frames 2004/ Writing Social History Partha Chatterjee Beyond the Nation or Within, Social Text 1998 P Chatterjee A Princely Imposter. The Secret History of Nationalism, Princeton, 2002 (see last chapter) Partha Chatterjee A Nation and its Fragments. Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton, 1993 C A Bayly Origins of Nationality in South Asia Ranajit Guha Dominance without Hegemony. History and Power in Colonial India, Cambridge Mass., 1997 Ranajit Guha Nationalism and the trials of becoming, Oracle, 24:2, 2002

Topic 12: The Indian National Congress, 1885-1920 Q. Can the conflict between the moderates and the extremists in the Indian National Congress be adequately explained in terms of factional differences? Q What and who did the early Congress represent? The early associations and the formation of Congress: A Seal The Emergence of Indian Nationalism, Cambridge, 1968 J R McLane Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress, Princeton, 1977 D A Washbrook The Emergence of Provincial Politics: the Madras Presidency 1870-1892, Cambridge, 1976 S Wolpert Tilak and Gokhale, Berkeley, 1962 S Sarkar Modern India, Madras, 1985 B Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, Delhi, 1966 D. Chakrabarty Habitations of modernity (2002), ch 1. C A Bayly The Local Roots of Indian Politics, Oxford, 1975 G Johnson Provincial Politics and Indian Nationalism, Bombay and the Indian National Congress 1880-1915, Cambridge, 1973 R Ray Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal, 1875-1927, Delhi, 1984

Extremism and terrorism; the Congress split: Sartori (above) Richard Cashman Sumit Sarkar, John R McLane S Wolpert Sartori and Kapila Peter Heehs Sumit Sarkar Barbara Southard Bipan Chandra Bengal in concept History esp, chs 5-8. The Myth of the Lokmanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra, Berkeley, 1975 The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, Delhi, 1973 Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress , Princeton, 1977 Tilak and Gokhale, Berkeley, 1962 in Modern Intellectual History, 7, 2, 2010. The Bomb in Bengal. The Rise of Revolutionary Terrorism in India, Delhi 2004. Modern India, Madras, 1985 The Political Strategy of Aurobindo Ghosh, MAS, 1980. Revolutionary Terrorists in Northern India in the 1920s, in B R Nanda (ed.), Socialism in India, Delhi, 1972

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Raj Chandavarkar Peter Heehs Prachi Deshpande

'From Communism to Social Democracy: the Rise and Resilience of Communist Parties in India, 1920-1995' Science and Society, 1997. Nationalism, terrorism, communalism. Essays in modern Indian History, Delhi, 1998. Creative pasts; historical memory in western India (2206).

Topic 13: The Economy and Nationalism: Home Industry/Home-Rule, 1880-1910 Q. What were the economic and cultural conditions for the rise of anti-colonial movements of 1905-08? Q. Deindustrialisation or a chapter in economic globalisation? Assess the nature of industrial capitalism before 1914. Ritu Birla, Neil Charlesworth C Simmons Stages of capital (2010) British Rule and Indian Economy 1800-1914 Deindustrialisation, industrialisation and the Indian economy 1850-1947, MAS 1985 Deindustrialisationanother look, IESHR 1986 Deindustrialsation of India IESHR 1979 Essays in Honour of S C Sarkar see esp. Bagchi Economic dislocation in 19c UP in Robb (ed.) Rural South Asia Institutions and Economic Change in South Asia

J. Krishnamurti Mariaka Vicziany Barun De /(ed.) Gyan Pandey Burton Stein & S. Subrahmanyam (ed.) Amiya K Bagchi Deindustrialisation in India in the 19C Journal of Development Studies 1976 Bipan Chandra The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India B N Ganguly Indian Economic Thought: Nineteenth Century Perspectives *Dadabhai Naoroji Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India 1901 Sumit Guha Growth, Stagnation or Decline? Agrarian Productivity in British India, Delhi, 1992. RS Chandavarkar Industrialisation in India before 1857: Conventional Approaches and Alternative perspectives, MAS, 1985 Tirthankar Roy The economic history of India 1857-1947, Oxford 2006. David Washbrook, Progress and Problems MAS, 1988 `Economic Depression and the Making of Traditional India, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol 3, 1993. (D1) Manu Goswami Andrew Sartori Sumit Sarkar, Lisa Trivedi C A Bayly Sudhir Chandra Producing India, 2005 The Categorical Logic of a Colonial Nationalism Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 2003 The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, Delhi, 1973

The Visual Culture of Swadeshi Nationalism, JAS 2005 The Origins of Swadeshi in Arjun Appadurai (ed.) The Social Life of Things The cultural component of economic nationalism, Indian Historical Review, 12, 1-2, 1985-86. C A Bayly Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars, Cambridge, 1983, chapters 5-7 Kumar and Raychaudhuri (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vols 1&2 (Cambridge, 1982 1983) D A Washbrook Economic Depression and the Making of Traditional Society in Colonial India, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 3, 1993.(D1) The Economic History of India, Vol 2: In the Victorian Age, New York, (1904)

*Romesh Chandra Dutt 1969

**You ought to watch Satyajit Ray's 'Home and the World', or read Tagore's novel of the same name on which it is based.

14

Topic 14: Political institutions under the Raj: the census and the growth of representative politics Q: Why and with what effects was native representation introduced in British India between 1858 and 1909? The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the later Nineteenth Century, Cambridge, 1968, (especially Chapter 4) D A Washbrook Law, State and Society MAS, 1981 Arjun Appadurai 'Number in the colonial imagination',C Breckenridge & Van der Veer (eds.), Orientalism and the Post-colonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Philadelphia 1993 C A Bayly Empire and Information, Cambridge, 1999 Pradeep Datta Carving Blocs. Delhi, 1999 (sp Chapter 1) N G Barrier (ed) The census in British India: new perspectives (1981) Thomas Metcalf The Aftermath of Revolt: India 1857-70, Princeton, 1964. C Dewey &A Hopkins The Imperial Impact, London, 1977 *E Thompson &G T Garratt, Rise and Fulfiment of British Rule in India, (1934), Allahabad, 1962. *J Strachey India: Its Administration and Progress, London, 1903 S Bhattacharyya Financial Foundations of the British Raj, Simla, 1971 R Fox Kin, Clan, Raja and Rule, Berkeley, 1971 David Omissi The Sepoy and the Raj, London, 1994 Ronald Inden Imagining India, 1990 (also see review by Declan Quigley in MAS, 1991) Ronald Inden, Orientalist Constructions of India, MAS 1986 Sanjay Nigam, Disciplining and policing criminals by birth, 2 parts, IESHR, 1989. Thomas Metcalf Ideologies of the Raj, Cambridge, 1998 David Arnold Colonising the Body, Berkeley, 1993 R Suamarez Smith Rule-by-records and rule-by-reports: complementary aspects of the British imperial rule of law, Contributions to Indian Sociology (n.s.), 19, 1, 1985. R Chandavarkar 'Customs of Governance: Colonialism and Democracy in Twentieth Centry India', MAS, 41, 3, 1997. S Gopal British Policy in India 1860-1914, Cambridge, 1965 . Anil Seal

Topic 15: Imagining the nation: Indian nationalist thought Q. Was Indian nationalist thought 'a derivative discourse'? P Chatterjee P Chatterjee Tapan Raychaudhuri, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse, Delhi, 1986 The Nation and its Fragments, Princeton, 1993 Europe Reconsidered: Perceptions of the West in Nineteenth-Century Bengal, Delhi, 1988. The Origins of Nationality in South Asia, Cambridge, 1998 Imagined Religious Communities? Ancient History and the Modern Search for a Hindu Identity MAS, 1989. The Idea of India, London, 1998 Autobiography, travel and post-national identity: Gandhi, Nehru and Iqbal, London, 2007. Special Issue, An Intellectual History for India Modern Intellectual History April 2007; Modern Intellectual History , 7, 2, 2010. Self Spencer and Swaraj, MIH 2007

C A Bayly Romila Thapar Sunil Khilnani J Majeed See S Kapila (ed.) Shruti Kapila

15

Ashis Nandy Sumit Sarkar Cristophe Jaffrelot Partha Chatterjee Sudipta Kaviraj Peter Van der Veer Gyanendra Pandey J Chatterji

The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism, Delhi, 1983 Kaliyuga, Chakri and Bhakti: Ramakrishna and his Times, EPW, 26, 29, 1992. The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics, London, 1996. 'The fruits of Macaulay's Poison Tree', in Ashok Mitra (ed.), Essays in Tribute to Samar Sen, Calcutta, 1985 The Unhappy Consciousness, Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Delhi, 1995. Religious Nationalism. Hindus and Muslims in India, Berkeley, 1994 The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India, Delhi, 1990 Bengal Divided, Cambridge, 1994, chapter 4

Topic 16: Gandhi, Gandhism and 'mass nationalism' Q. Popular protest against British rule occurred despite Gandhi, not because of him. Discuss. Q. Were Gandhian ideas and politics illiberal?

Gandhi and Gandhism: Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse, London, 1986 Ravinder Kumar Essays in the Social History of Modern India, Calcutta, 1986 Ajay Skaria Gandhis Politics: Liberalism and the Question of the Ashram, South Atlantic Quarterly Fall 2002 Joseph Alter Gandhis Body 2000 David Hardiman Gandhi: In his times and Ours 2005 Special Issue on Hind Swaraj, Public Culture, Nov. 2010. Anupama Rao The caste question , ch 1-3 Ashis Nandy Final Encounter: Politics of the Assassination of Gandhi in his Edge of Psychology N K Bose Studies in Gandhism, Calcutta, 1962 Alternatively, see his Gandhi in Indian Politics, Calcutta 1967 Bhikhu Parekh Colonialism, Tradition and Reform. An Analysis of Gandhis Political Discourse, Delhi, 1989 R Fox Gandhian Utopia. Experiments with Culture, Boston, 1989 Judith M Brown Gandhis Rise to Power: Indian Politics, 1915-1922, Cambridge, 1972 Gandhi and mass nationalism: Judith M Brown Gandhi and Civil Disobedience, Cambridge, 1976 Shahid Amin Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura 1922-1992, Delhi, 1995 Shahid Amin Gandhi as Mahatma, R Guha (ed), Subaltern Studies Vol III. R Chandavarkar, Imperial Power and Popular Politics, Cambridge, 1998 (chapter 8) G Pandey (ed.) The Indian Nation in 1942, Calcutta, 1988. David Washbrooks review of Judith Browns Gandhis Rise to Power in MAS, 1973 R Guha Discipline and Mobilise in P Chatterjee and G Pandey (eds.), Subaltern Studies Vol VII Sumit Sarkar The Logic of Gandhian Nationalism, Indian Historical Review, 1976 D Hardiman, Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat, Delhi, 1981 Majid H Siddiqi Agrarian Unrest in Morth India: The United Provinces 1918-1922, Delhi, 1978 Tanika Sarkar Bengal 1928-1934. The Politics of Protest, Delhi, 1987. R Kumar (ed) Essays on Gandhian Politics: The Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919, Oxford. Partha Chatterjee

16

** Attenborough's Gandhi is a must-see.

Topic 17: Structures of power in the Indian empire, 1920-1945 Q. A struggle between impotent rivals, locked in motionless and simulated combat. Do you agree with this assessment of the conflict between the Congress and the Raj between 1920 and 1945?

J A Gallagher & A Seal B R Tomlinson B R Tomlinson A Seal J A Gallagher B R Tomlinson, B R Tomlinson London, 1979 C J Baker, J Chatterji, A Seal and A Jalal *Jawaharlal Nehru *Lionel Carter (ed.) *Lionel Carter (ed.) D A Low, (ed.)

Britain and India between the Wars MAS, 1981 India and the British Empire 1880-1935, IESHR 1975 India and the British Empire, 1935-47, IESHR 1976 Imperialism and Nationalism in India, in J Gallagher, A Seal and G Johnson (eds), Locality, Province and Nation, MAS, 1973 The Congress in Decline: Bengal 1930-1939 in Gallagher et al, Locality, Province and Nation, MAS, 1973 The Indian National Congress and the Raj, 1929-1942, London, 1977 The Political Economy of the Raj: The Economics of Decolonisation in India, The Politics of South India 1920-1937, Cambridge, 1976 Bengal Divided, Cambridge, 1994 (chapters 2 and 3) Alternative to Partition: Muslim Politics between the Wars, MAS, 1981 An Autobiography, Bombay, 1962 Punjab Politics, 1936-39: the start of Provincial Autonomy, New Dehli, 2004 Punjab Politics 1940-1943, the strains of war, New Delhi, 2005 Congress and the Raj: Facets of the Indian Struggle 1917-1947, London, 1977 R Sisson & S Wolpert (eds.), The Congress and Indian Nationalism. The PreIndependence Phase, Delhi, 1988 Business and Politics in the 1930s: Lancashire and India, MAS, 1981 Congress Party and Indian Big Business: some salient features of their relationship, 1920-1947, in M Shepperdson and C Simmons (eds), Indian National Congress and the Political Economy of India. 1885-1985, Aldershott, Holding India to Empire: the British Conservative Party and the 1935 Constitution, Delhi, 1986 Acts of Appropriation: Non-Brahmin Radicals and the Congress in Early Twentieth-Century Maharashtra, in M Shepperdson and C Simmons (eds), The Indian National Congress and the Political Economy of India, Aldershott, 1988.

B Chatterji C Markovits

C Bridge R OHanlon

Topic 18: Muslim politics between the wars Q: In what ways did the Khilafat/Non-cooperation movement change Hindu-Muslim politics between 1919-1942? FCR Robinson C A Bayly Barbara Daly Metcalf Gyan Pandey Pradeep Datta Separatism among Indian Muslims, Cambridge, 1974 'The Prehistory of Communalism', MAS, 1985 Islamic Revival in British India, Berkeley, 1982 The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India Carving Blocs. Delhi, 1999

17

Gail Minault David Page A Seal and A Jalal Ayesha Jalal Sandria Freitag David Gilmartin. Mushirul Hasan Ayesha Jalal, Javed Majeed Ayesha Jalal S S Hameed

The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India, New York. Prelude to Partition. The Indian Muslims and the Imperial System of Control 1920-1932, Oxford, 1982 Alternative to Partition: Muslim Politics between the Wars, MAS, 1981 Exploding Communalism: Politics of Muslim Identity in Bose and Jalal (ed.) Nationalism, Democracy and Development 'The roots of Muslim separatism, in E Burke and I Lapidus (eds.), Islam, Politics and Social Movements, 1998 Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan. Nationalism and Communal Politics in India 1916-1928, Delhi, 1979 Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South.Asian Islam, Delhi, 2000. Geographies of SubjectivityPan Islam and Muslim Separatism, MIH 2007 Striking a Just Balance : Azad as a theorist of trans-national Jihad, MIH 2007 Islamic Seal on Indias Independence 1998

Topic 19: The Urban Age: Industry and Capitalism, 1890-1947: Q. What was the nature of industrial capitalism in late colonial India underdeveloped by workers culture and/or imperial dependence?

Ritu Birla, R Chandavarkar Dipesh Chakrabarty Amiya Kumar Bagchi Sugata Bose(ed.) David Arnold Dipesh Chakrabarty K N Chaudhuri Thomas Blom Hansen David Washbrook, Rajat Ray B R Tomlinson D R Gadgil Nigel Harris Jim Masselos

Ian Derbyshire D. Tripathi Ian J Kerr S Bhattacharyya C Dewey &A Hopkins Nandini Gooptu

Stages of capital (2010) The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India Book plus History Workshop Journal article 1999 Rethinking Working Class History Private Investment in India, 1900-1939 South Asia and World Capitalism Industrial Violence in Colonial India, CSSH, 1980 Early Railwaymen in India: Dacoity and Train Wrecking in Essays in Honour of S C Sarkar Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments 1757-1947 Dharma Kumar (ed.) Cambridge Economic History of India Wages of Violence 2001, ch, 1-2 South Asia, the World System and World Capitalism, Journal of Asian Studies (1990) Industrialisation in India 1914-47 The Political Economy of the Raj: The Economics of Decolonisation in India, London, 1979 The Industrial Evolution and India in Recent Times, 1942 Economic Development of Cities: The Case of Bombay, 1978 Power in a Bombay Mohalla South Asia 1973 Change and Custom in the Format of Bombay Moharram Festivals, South Asia 1982 Economic change and the railways in north India MAS 1987 Business Communities of India Building the Railways of the Raj Financial Foundations of the British Raj, Simla, 1971 (ed.)The Imperial Impact, London, 1977 The Politics of the Urban Poor in early 20th century North India,2005.

Topic 20: The end of empire:

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a) Partition and independence Q. Who demanded the partition of India in 1947, and why? A Jalal B R Tomlinson J Chatterji R J Moore David Gilmartin Ian Copland Mushirul Hasan (ed.) D Gilmartin L Brennan Sumit Sarkar The Sole Spokeman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan, Cambridge, 1985 India and the British Empire, 1935-47, IESHR 1976 Bengal Divided. Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932-1947, Cambridge, 1994 Escape from Empire. The Attlee Government and the Indian Problem, Oxford, 1982 Partition, Pakistan and South Asian History: In search of narrative, JAS,57:4 (Nov,1998) The Princely States, the Muslim League and the Partition of India, International History Review, 12,1,1991 Indias Partition: Process, Strategy and Mobilisation, Delhi, 1993 (especially chapter by A Roy) Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan, Berkeley, 1988 UP Muslims, MAS 1984 Popular Movements and National Leadership, 1945-47 EPW, April, 1982.

* Khaliquzzaman Pathway to Pakistan, Lahore, 1961 *Pyarelal Mahatma Gandhi: the last phase, 2 vols, Ahmedabad, 1956, 1958 *P Moon, Divide and Quit: An Eye-Witness Account of the Partition of India, Delhi, 1998 *V P Menon The Transfer of Power in India, Princeton, 1957 *A K Azad India Wins Freedom: The Complete Version, Madras, 1988 (DS480.45A99) *P Moon (ed) Wavell. The Viceroys Journal, London, 1973. (DS 481.W W35 {NORM}) Ian Copland Lord Mountbatten and the integration of the Indian States, JICH, 21,2, 1993 D Arnold and D Hardiman (eds), Subaltern Studies Vol 8, chapter by Pandey Anita Inder Singh The Partition of India 1937-47, Delhi, 1987 S Sarkar Writing Social History, Delhi, 1997.Chapter 9 History Toda (September, 1997), essays on India David Potter Manpower shortages and the end of colonialism; MAS 7,1,1993 W. Morris Jones, The Transfer of power, 1947 MAS.16,2,1998 I Kamtekar A Different War Dance: State and Class in India, 1939-1945 Past and Present, August, 2002 Taj Hashmi Pakistan as a peasant utopia, 1992. Narendra Singh Sarila The Shadow of the Great Game. The untold story of Indias partition, Harper Collins, Delhi, 2005. A K Gupta (ed.) Myth and Reality: the Struggle for Freedom in India, 1945-47 especially chapters 1, 2 and 4 S Sarkar Writing Social History, Delhi, 1997, Chapter 9 I A Talbot Deserted Collaborators, JICH, 1982 IA Talbot 1946 Punjab Elections, MAS 1980 Medha Malik Kudaisya G D Birla, Big Business and Indias Partition, in South Asia, Vol. XVIII, 1995.

b)The aftermath of partition: riots, refugees, minorities and borders. Q. Why were the consequences of partition in the east so different from those of partition in the west? W van Schendel The Bengal Borderland (2005)

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W van Scehndel and I Abraham, Illicit flows and criminal things, Indiana, 2005. Veena Das (ed.), Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots, Survivors in South Asia, Delhi, 1990 J Chatterji, The Spoils of Partition Bengal and India 1947-67, Cambridge 2007 Urvashi Butalia The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition, London, 2000 Gyanesh Kudaisya The demographic upheaval of Partition, South Asia, Special Issue, 1995. Sarah Ansari Partition, migration, refugees, South Asia, Special Issue, 1995. Joya Chatterj , Rights or Charity? in Suvir Kaul (ed.) Partition of Memory, Delhi, 2000. Mushirul Hasan Legacy of a Divided Nation, Delhi, 1997. (DS432.M84 H34 [NORM]) Gyanendra Pandey, Remembering Partition, Cambridge 2001 J Chatterji The Fashioning of a Frontier: the Radcliffe Line and Bengals border landscape, MAS 1999 R Jeffrey Ranabir Samaddar (ed.), Suranjan Das Veena Das The Punjab Boundary Force and the Problem of Order, 1947, MAS, 8, 4, 1974. Reflections on Partition in the East, Calcutta, 1997. Communal Riots in Bengal, 1905-1947, New Delhi, 1991 Critical Events. An Anthropological Perspective on Contemporary India, Delhi, 1995. Swarna Aiyer August Anarchy, South Asia, Special Issue, 1995. Prafulla Chakrabarti, The Marginal Men, Calcutta, 1990. Ranabir Samaddar The Marginal Nation. A B Hansan Partition and Genocide, India Research Press 2002 Ashgar Ali Engineer (ed.), Communal Riots in Post-Independence India, Hyderabad, 1991 G Kudaisya & Tan Tai Young: The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, London 2000 A Zolberg (et al) (ed.), Escape from Violence. Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World, New York, 1989.

***'Tamas', the serial by Bhishma Sahani, and 'Garam Hawa', are excellent on partition. The collection of short stories edited by Alok Bhalla is also worth reading if you are interested in this theme. Amitav Ghosh's Shadowlines and Ritwik Ghatak's 'Mehe-Dhaka Tara- A cloud-capped star' reflect on the experiences of people displaced by the events, and fall out, of India's partition.

Topic 21: The transition to democracy in India: a) Constitution-making, 1947-50 Q. To what extent, and why, was India's constitution of 1950 modelled on the Government of India Act of 1935? Granville Austin J. Chatterji Atul Kohli (ed.) Sunil Khilani Anupama Rao, Granville Austin C Bridge P.J Thomas Christophe Jaffrelot Taylor Sherman, Srirupa Roy, The Indian constitution. Cornerstone of a nation, Oxford, 1966 The Spoils of partition, Chapter 2. India's Democracy , chapter by Manor The Idea of India, London 1997 (chapter 1) The caste question (2010) Working a democratic constitution, Delhi, 1999 Holding India to Empire. The British Conservative party and the 1935 Constitution, Delhi 1986. The growth of federal finance in India, Oxford, 1939. La democraties en Inde (1998), Engl Trans. forthcoming 2010 (CSAS) State violence and punishment in India (2010) Beyond belief

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Ornir Shani *R Coupland *Jawaharlal Nehru, *C Rajagopalachari S K Chaube D D Basu C H Alexandrowitz Francine Frankel S Kochanek

Conceptions of citizenship and the Muslim question, MAS, 44, 1010. Indian politics 1936-42. Report on the Constitutional Problem in India, London, 1943. The Unity of India,London 1948 Our Democracy, Madras, 1957 The Constituent Assembly of India, Springboard of Revolution, Delhi 1973. Introduction to the Constitution of India, (13th edn.), Delhi, 1987 Constitutional developments in India, London 1957. India's Political Economy, 1947-77. The Gradual Revolution, Princeton 1978 The Congress Party in India, Princeton 1968

b) The Nehru era: the 'Congress system' Q. Was there a 'Congress system' in Nehru's India, and if so, why? R. Kothari R. Kothari W H Morris-Jones Ramchandra Guha Francine Frankel, Benjamin Zachariah Atul Kohli (ed.) Myron Weiner S Khilnani * Saroj Chakrabarty *Atulya Ghosh *Asok Mitra 'The Congress "System in India"', Asian Survey, 4, 2, 1964. Politics in India , Delhi 1970 The Government and Politics of India, London 1964 India after Gandhi (2007) India's political economy 1947-77. The Gradual Revolution, Princeton 1978 Developing India. An Intellectual and Social History c 1930-1950, Delhi 2005. India's Democracy, Princeton 1988, (in particular see chapter by Manor) Party Building in a new Nation. The Indian National Congress, Chicago 1968. The Idea of India, London 1997. With Dr B C Roy and other Chief Ministers. A record up to 1962, Calcutta, 1974. The split. Indian National Congress, Calcutta, 1980. The new India 1948-1955. Memoirs of an Indian civil servant, Bombay, 1991.

Judith Brown Nehru: a political life, Yale 2003. B Zachariah Nehru, London 2004 Paul Brass, The Politics of India since Independence, Cambridge 1990. R. Roy, and R. Sisson, (ed.), Diversity and Dominance in Indian Politics , 2 vols. New Delhi, 1990 Robert W Stern The Process of Opposition in India ,Chicago, 1970 S Kochanek The Congress Party in India, Princeton 1968 c) Planning, development and the command economy Q. The contribution of early decades of Indian planning has been integral to Indias recent economic success. Discuss. Economics as Ideology and Experience. Essays in Honour of Ashok Mitra, London 1998. Terry Byres (ed.) Planning and Development, 1994. S Chakravarthy Development Planning: the Indian Experience. 1990 B Datta. Indian Planning at the Crossroad,s Delhi, 1990 M Datta-Chaudhuri 'Market Failure and Government Failure' Journal of Economic Perspectives 1990 Frankel, F and Rao, M S A Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order 1989 B Jalan(ed.) The Indian Economy, 1994 Akohli Democracy and Discontent, 1990 Rudolph, L & S. Rudolph In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The political economy of the Indian State. 1987 Streeten, P and M. Lipton (eds.), The Crisis of Indian Planning, 1968 Deepak Nayyar,

21

R Wade

'The Market for Public Office: Why the Indian State is not Better at Development' World Development, 1985 Indian economic planning in its broader setting, New Delhi 1958 'Development planning and its impact on Union-State relations in India', Journal of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, 1, 1, 1967.

Gunar Myrdal J K Bhattacharya

Topic 22: Language, region and the challenges of federalism, India, 1947-70 Q. Why did so many regional language movements erupt in India the 1950s and 60s? Granville Austin P.R. Brass B.R. Nayar C R King, J Das Gupta Amrit Rai, Myron Weiner Sumathi Ramaswamy, J Chatterji, The Indian constitution. Cornerstone of a nation (Ch 12) Language, Religion and Politics in North India (2005 edn). Minority Politics in Punjab, Princeton 1966 One language, two scripts. The Hindi movement in 19th century India, Bombay 1995. Language conflict and national development, California 1970 A House divided. The origin and development of Hindi/Hindavi, Delhi 1984. Sons of the Soil, Princeton 1978. Passions of the tongue. Language devotion in Tamil India, 1891-1970, Berkeley, 1997. Spoils of Partition, Ch 2

*Report of the States Reorganisation Committee, 1955 *Report of the Official Language Commission (1956), (Government of India Press), New Delhi, 1957. (UL Official Publications room) *S K Chatterji Languages and the linguistic problem (OUP Bombay, 1945) MR . Barnett The Politics of Cultural Nationalism in South India, Princeton 1976 A.J. Wilson & D. Dalton (ed), The States of South Asia: Problems of National Integration. Hurst, 1982 M. Weiner (ed), State Politics in India, Princeton 1968 I. Narain (ed), State Politics in India, Meerut 1976. Weiner and Katzenstein, Indias Preferential Politics: Migrants, the Middle Classes and Ethnic Equality. Chicago, 1982. F. Frankel and M. S. A. Rao (eds.) Dominance and State Power. 2 vols. Franda, M West Bengal and the federalising process in India, Princeton, 1968. A Farouqui (ed.) Redefining Urdu politics in India, New Delhi, 2006. **** Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children is evocative on this period.

Topic 23: Challenges to democracy in India: a) The Emergency and its legacies Q. 'The chief victim of the Emergency was the Congress party.' Discuss. FrancineFrankel to the Emergency) R. Blackburn (ed), Emma Tarlo S Kaviraj S Kaviraj R Kothari, India's Political Economy, chs. 10-13. (detailed account of the background Explosion in a Sub-Continent, London 1975 Unsettling Memories: Narratives of the Emergency. London, 2002. Indira Gandhi and Indian Politics EPW nos. 38 & 39, (1986). A Critique of the Passive Revolution EPW, nos.45-7, Special Issue, 1988. The Crisis of the Moderate State and the Decline of Democracy in Peter Lyon and James Manor (eds.) Transfer and Transformation, Lecicester, 1977.

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E. Tarlo, 'From Victim to Agent: Memories of the Emergency from a Resettlement Colony in Delhi' Economic and Political Weekly, November 18, 1995. R Kothari, State Against Democracy, New Delhi, 1975. B D Dua and James Manor, Nehru to the Nineties. The changing office of Prime Minister in India, Hurst 1994 David Selbourne In theory and Practice. Essays on the Politics of Jayaprakash Narayan, Oxford 1985. *Dilip Hiro Inside India Today. Michigan 1976 *Kuldip Nayar Between the lines, Delhi 1969 *Kuldip Nayar In Jail, New Delhi 1978. *D Selbourne An Eye to India. The unmasking of a tyranny, London 1976 *Z Masani, Indira Gandhi, a biography. 1976 Henry C. Hart (ed.) Indira Gandhis India: a political system reappraised. Westview, 1976 T. V. (ed.) Satyamurthy State and Nation in the Context of Social Change. Delhi, 1994. M Weiner The 1977 Parliamentary Elections in India, Asian Survey, 1977. J Manor 'Where Congress Survived: five states in the Indian general election of 1977, Asian Survey, 1978. H W Blair Mrs Gandhis Emergency, the Indian Elections of 1977, Pluralism and Marxism: Problems with Paradigms MAS 14:2 (1981). U Baxi The Indian Supreme Court and Politics, Lucknow, 1980. A. R. Desai. (ed.) Violation of Democratic Rights in India. Delhi, 1986. S. Visvanathan (ed.) Foul Play: Chronicles of Corruption (Bombay, 1998) S Kaviraj On the Crisis of Political Institutions in India Contributions to Indian Sociology 1984. A Gupta 'Blurred Boundaries: the discourse of corruption, the culture of politics and the imagined state' American Ethnologist, Vol. 22, 2 (1995), pp. 375 - 402. **** Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children vividly depicts the Emergency and its terrors. b) the rise of Hindu nationalism Q. Account for the rise of Hindutva in the 1980s? Q. Was it caste politics that determined the rise of Hindu nationalism in the late 1980s? Ornit Shani T. Basu, et al, Thomas Blom Hansen Communalism, Caste and Hindu Nationalism , Cambridge 2007 Khaki Shorts, Saffron Flags London, (1993) The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India Princeton, 1999 Christophe Jaffrelot Hindu Nationalist Movement, 1925-1992: Social and Political Strategies London, 1996. T. B. Hansen, and C, Jaffrelot (eds.) The BJP and the Compulsions of Poltics in India. Delhi, 1998 D.Ludden (ed.) Contesting the Nation Pennsylvania, 1997. Basu, A. and A. Kohli (eds.) Community Conflicts and the State in India. Delhi, 1998. S. Bose and A. Jalal (eds) Nationalism, Development and Democracy in South Asia. (essay by Sumantra Bose) A Varshney Ethnic conflict and civic life. Hindus and Muslims in India, Yale 2002. S I Wilkinson Votes and violence. Electoral competition and ethnic riots in India, 2004. Christopher Jafferlot Indias Silent Revolution 2006 Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: the Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Cambridge, 1990. 'Indian Muslims since Independence' Third World Quarterly , 1988. Creating A Nationality: The Ramjanmabhumi Movement and Fear of the Self Oxford, 1995. The Brotherhood in Saffron The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangha. Westview 1997.

B.D Graham Mushirul Hasan, A Nandy et al W. Anderson & Damle

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Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India, 1994 The Legacy of a Divided Nation: Muslims in India since Independence, Delhi, 1997. S Gopal. (ed.) The Anatomy of a Confrontation: Ayodhya New Delhi, 1990 Brass, P. R. Theft of an Idol 1996. Roy, Ramashray and Paul Wallace, Indian Politics and the 1998 Election: Regionalism, Hindutva and State Politics, New Delhi: Sage, 1999. Economic and Political Weekly, Special Election Issue, 21-28 August 1999. Journal of Democracy Vol 9, no. 3 (1998) essays by A. Kohli, J. Manor and A. Varshney on India Paul Brass The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India, Washington 2005 R Chandavarkar 'Customs of Governance: Colonialism and Democracy in Twentieth Centry India', MAS, 41, 3, 199

P Van Der Veer Mushirul Hasan,

*** Lalit Vachani's 'Men in the tree' is an interesting documentary on the Hindutva movement and its ideology.

Topic 24: India's political economy and liberalisation since 1990 Q. Assess the impact of market reforms on India's economy since 1990. M Alhuwalia and I.M.D.Little, (eds.) Indias Economic Reforms and Development: Essays for Manmohan Singh Delhi OUP1998 P Bardhan The Political Economy of Development in India, 1989. J Bhagwati India in Transition Oxford, 1993 C. P. Chandrashekhar, and Jayati Ghosh, The Market that failed: a decade of neo-liberal economic reforms in India, 2000 R Crook and J. Manor Democracy and Decentralisation in South Asia and West Africa: Participation, Accountability and Performance1998 Dreze and Sen A. Indian Development: Selected Regional Perspectives Delhi and Oxford, 1997 Corbridge and Harriss, J. Reinventing India: Liberalisation, Hindu Nationalism and Popular Democracy Cambridge Polity Press2000 R. Jenkins Democratic Politics and Economic Reform in India. Cambridge, 2000. Kaur, K. and Bawa, R.S. Expenditure on Social Sectors and Incidence of Poverty in India: An Inter-State Analysis Indian Journal of Regional Science Vol. XXXII, pp. 96105, 2000 A Krueger (ed.) Economic Policy Reforms and the Indian Economy The University of Chicago Press2002 P Patnaik Imperialism and the growth of Indian Capitalism in R. Owen & B. Sutcliffe (eds), Studies in the Theory of Imperialism. 1979 Sachs, Bajpai, and Varshney (eds.) India in the Era of Economic Reforms Oxford. 2001 A Sinha The regional roots of developmental politics in India, Indiana University Press, 2005 R. Jenkins 'Theorising the Politics of Economic Adjustment: Lessons from the Indian Case' Journal of Comparative and Commonwealth Politics Vol. 33, no. 1 (1995), pp. 1- 24. A. Kohli Democracy and Discontent, ch. 11. B. Jalan (ed.) The Indian Economy. Delhi (1994) A. Bhaduri & D Nayyar The Intelligent Person's Guide to Economic Liberalization J. Dreze and A. Sen India: Development and Participation Delhi and Oxford Oxford University Press (2002)

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Topic 25: Constitution-making and the challenges of federalism, Pakistan, 1940-70 Q. Why have successive governments in Pakistan, civilian or military, failed to satisfactorily accommodate regional aspirations?

'The Politics of Ethnicity in India and Pakistan' in Alavi, H. & John Harris (eds), South Asia. Paula Newburg Judging the state. Courts and constitutions in Pakistan (1995). Katherine Adeney Federalism and ethnic conflict resolution in India and Pakistan, (2006) H Alavi, 'Pakistan and Islam: Ethnicity and Ideology' in F. Halliday and H. Alavi (ed.) State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan. London, 1988. A. Jalal, Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia, Cambridge 1995 A Jalal The State of Martial Rule: The Origins of Pakistans Political Economy of Defence, Cambridge, 1990 DA Low The Political Inheritance of Pakistan, Macmillan, 1991 K Adeney Constitutional centring: nation formation and constitutional centring in India and Pakistan, JCCP, 40,3,2002. R Malik The politics of one unit 1955-58, Lahore, Pakistan Study Centre, Universty of Punjab, 1988 Y Samad A Nation in Turmoil, Nationalism and Ethnicity in Pakistan, 1937-58, New Delhi (Sage) 1998. M Waseem Politics and the State in Pakistan, Islamabad 1994. William B Milla, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Flirting with failure in South Asia (2009) Ayisha Siqqiqa Military inc (2009) * Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1956. * Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. *Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, If I am assassinated. New Delhi 1979. H Rashid and J Gardezi, )(ed.),Pakistan: the Roots of a Dictatorship, London, 1983 (especially the article by Hamza Alavi) Ivor Jennings Constitutional Problems in Pakistan, Cambridge 1958. Khan and Rahman Provincial autonomy and constitution-making: the case of Bangladesh, 1973. S P Cohen The Pakistan Army, Oxford, (1998 edition) R Nations The economic structure of Pakistan and Bangladesh in R Blackburn (ed.), Explosion in A Sub-continent, Harmondsworth, 1975 I Talbot Pakistan, a modern history, London 1998. O. Noman The Political Economy of Pakistan, London 1988. C. Jaffrelot (ed.) Pakistan: Nationalism before Nation, New York 2002. H. Alavi 'Nationhood and Communal Violence in Pakistan' Journal of Contemporary Asia Vol. 21, no. 2 (1991). Nasr, S.V.R. The Rise of Sunni Militancy in Pakistan: the changing role of Islamism and the Ulema in Society and Politics Modern Asian Studies, 2000. Veena Das (ed) Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots and Survivors in South Asia. Oxford, 1990, essays by Farida Shaheed and Akmal Hussain (on the Pathan-Muhajir riots in Karachi) D. Allen, (ed.) Religion and Political Conflict in South Asia: India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Delhi, 1992, chs 4-6. O. Veerkaaik Migrants and Militants: Fun and Violence in Urban Pakistan (Princeton, 2004) S.S. Harrison In Afghanistans Shadow. Baluch Nationalism and Soviet Temptations, Washington 1988. H Donnan, H & P. Werbner (eds.) Economy and Culture in Pakistan: Migrants and Cities in a Muslim Society (1991). S. Akbar Zaidi, (ed) Regional Imbalances and the National Question in Pakistan 1992. Hussain, M. and Akmal Hussain Pakistan: Problems of Governance (1993). *** An interesting and controversial novel on Pakistan's first decades is Salman Rushdie's Shame.

H. Alavi

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Topic 26: Conflict and war in the Indian subcontinent: Kashmir Q. Why has the Kashmir dispute been so intractable? Alistair Lamb, Balraj Puri Ian Copland Sumantra Bose Chitralekha Zutshi Mridu Rai Alistair Lamb M J Akbar S M Ali R G C Thomas (ed.) Ashgar Ali Engineer C. Dasgupta Victoria Schofield Robert G Wirsing, The Incomplete Partition: the Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, Hertingfordbury, 1997 Kashmir: Towards Insurgency, Delhi, 1994 (DS485.K27 P98) Lord Mountbatten and the Integration of the Indian States-a Reappraisal, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 21, 2, 1993. Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Cambridge Mass, 2000. Languages of Belonging. Islam, Regional Identity and the Making of Kashmir, Delhi, 2004. Hindu Rulers, Muslims Subjects: the history of Kashmir, Hurst, 2004. Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 1846-1990, Hertfordshire, 1991. Kashmir: Behind the Vale, Calcutta, 1991 DS485. K27 A31 The Fearful State: Power, People and Internal War in South Asia, London, 1993 Perspectives on Kashmir: the Roots of Conflict in South Asia, 1992. A Secular Crown on Fire, Delhi, 1993. War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 1947-48, Sage, Delhi, 2002 Kashmir in Conflict, London 2000 India, Pakistan and the Kashmir Dispute, Macmillan, 1994.

Topic 27: Bangladesh: war, militancy and militarism Q. Why has the military been so important to the politics of Bangladesh? Q Assess the significance of Islam in the politics of Bangladesh. T Maniruzzaman R Sisson and L Rose H Feldman A Jalal S Mahmud Ali H Karlekar William B. Millam A Jalal L Ziring R Sobhan B Crow G Rizvi G Rizvi The Bangladesh Revolution and its Aftermath, Dhaka, 1980 War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh, Berkeley, 1990. The End and the Beginning, Pakistan, 1969-1971, London, 1975 Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia, Cambridge 1995. The Fearful State: Power, People and Internal War in South Asia. London, 1993. Bangladesh: the next Afghanistan? Delhi 2005. Bangladesh and Pakistan. Inheriting the Raj, MAS, 1985 Bangladesh: From Mujib to Ershad: an interpretative study (1992) Bangladesh: Problems of Governance. 1993. 'The State in Bangladesh: the Extension of a Weak State' in S. K. Mitra (ed.) The Post-Colonial State in South Asia Bangladesh: The Struggle for the Restoration of Democracy. 1985. Riding the Tiger: Institutionalising the Military Regimes in Pakistan and Bangladesh in C. Clapham & G. Philip (eds), The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes, London, 1985. 'Civil-Military Relations in the Soft State: the Case of Bangladesh' European Network of Bangladesh Studies, Research Paper no. 1/6-94. (Copy in Centre of South Asian Studies Library.) Bangladesh in the early 1980s: Praetorian Politics in an Intermediate Regime Asian Survey, 1982. Religion, Nationalism and Politics in Bangladesh, New Delhi, 1990. Bangladesh: Society, Religion and Politics 1985.

S. M. Ali

P. J. Bertocci Rafiuddin Ahmed Rafiuddin Ahmed (ed.)

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Rafiuddin Ahmed (ed.) Islam in Bangladesh: Society, Culture and Politics 1983. H Mutalib and T. Hashmi (eds.) Islam, Muslims and the Modern State. 1994. N Kabeer The Quest for National Identity: Women, Islam and the State in Bangladesh Zillur Rahman Khan Islam and Bengali Nationalism Asian Survey 1985. Hartmann, B. & J.K. Boyce, A Quiet Violence: View from a Bangladesh Village. K Gough and H P Sharma (eds.), Imperialism and Revolution in South Asia, New York, 1973, (section on Bangladesh).

** 'Meyebela: my Bengali girlhood' by Taslima Nasreen is a moving autobiography, well worth reading. Tariq and Catherine Masud's film 'Muktir Gaan- Songs of Liberation' (1995) on the Bangladesh war won critical acclaim, as did their more recent reflection on the history of Bangladesh, 'Matir Moyna - The Clay Bird' (2006).

Topic 28: Globalisation, Inequality and the Politics of Culture

Liberalization in India has merely perpetuated old hierarchies and entitlements. Discuss.
Guha, Ramchandra Rajagopal, Arvind., Roy, Srirupa 2006 R. Dwyer & C. Pinney (ed.) Pleasure and the Nation: History, Politics and Culture of Consumption Martha C Nussbaum, Raju and Crawley (ed.), W. Mazzerella Democracy, Religious Violence and the Future of India, 2007 Satellites over South Asia Shoveling Smoke: Advertising and Globalization in Contemporary India, 2003 P J. Assayag & C. Pinney (ed.) Fuller and Narasimhan Edward Luce Globalization in India: perspectives from below, 2005 Information Technology Professionals and the New-Rich Middle Class in Chennai (Madras), MAS, 2007 In spite of the Gods: The Strange Rise of India after Gandhi, 2007 Politics After Television Beyond Belief: India and the Politics of Postcolonial Nationalism,

Modern India, 2006

Topic 29 Sri Lanka a. How distinct was the British colonialism of Sri Lanka from that of India, and would you use the term partition to describe the legacy of colonialism for the relationship between the island and the mainland? To what extent is the post-colonial history of Sri Lanka the history of Sinhala Buddhist nationalism and its discontents?

b.

a) British colonialism

K. M. De Silva, A History of Sri Lanka, London, 1981. Michael Roberts, Sinhala Consciousness in the Kandyan period 1590s to 1815 (Colombo, 2004)

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John Rogers, Post-Orientalism and the Interpretation of Premodern and Modern Political Identities: The Case of Sri Lanka in Journal of Asian Studies, 1994. Nira Wickramasinghe, Sri Lanka in the Modern Age: A History of Contested Identities, Colombo, 2006. Sujit Sivasundaram, Ethnicity, Indigeneity and Migration in the advent of British rule to Sri Lanka American Historical Review, 2010. Anne Blackburn, Locations of Buddhism: Colonialism and Modernity in Sri Lanka (2010) K. M. De Silva, ed. University of Peradeniya, History of Sri Lanka, Volume 3, from 1800-1948.

James Duncan, In the shadow of the tropics: climate, race and biopower in 19thC Ceylon (2007) Alicia Schrikker, Dutch and British Colonialism in Sri Lanka Jonathan Spencer ed. Sri Lanka: History and the Roots of Conflict, London, 1990. Colvin R. De Silva, Ceylon under the British Occupation, 2 vols. Colombo, 1952-1962. Kumari Jayawardena, Nobodies to Somebodies: The Rise of the Colonial Bourgeoisie in Sri Lanka, Colombo, 2007. Patrick Peebles, Social change in nineteenth-century Ceylon, Delhi, 1995. Richard Gombrich and Gananath Obeyesekere, Buddhism Transformed: Religious change in Sri Lanka, Princeton, 1988. John Rogers, Crime, Justice and society in colonial Sri Lanka, London, 1987. John Rogers, Caste as a social category and identity in colonial Lanka in IESHR, 2004. Michael Roberts, Caste Conflict and Elite Formation: The Rise of a Karava Elite in Sri Lanka, 1500-1931, Cambridge, 1982. Michael Roberts ed. Collective Identities: Nationalisms and Protest in modern Sri Lanka, Colombo, 1979.

b) Decolonisation and Sinhala Buddhism De Silva and Wickramasinghe as above. S.J. Tambiah, Ethnic Fratricide and the Dismantling of Democracy (Chicago, 1986) Michael Roberts Tamil Tiger Martyrs: Regenerating Divine Potency? Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 28, (2005): 493-514. A J Wilson, Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: its origins and Development in the 19th and 20th Centuries (London, 2000) S.J. Tambiah, Buddhism Betrayed? Religion, Politics and Violence in Sri Lanka (Chicago, 1992). Bruce Kapferer, Myths of State, Legends of People, (Washington: 1998) James Jupp, Sri Lanka: Third World Democracy (London, 1978). Neloufer de Mel, Women and the Nations Narrative: Gender and Nationalism in Twentieth Century Sri Lanka (Colombo, 2001). Introduction Jonathan Spencer, ed. Sri Lanka: History and the Roots of Conflict (London, 1990), especially the Introduction and essay by R.A.L.H. Gunawardana, The People of the Lion. K M De Silva, Reaping the Whirlwind: Ethnic Conflict, Ethnic Politics in Sri Lanka (New Delhi, 1998) Robert Kearney, Communalism and Language in the Politics of Ceylon (Durham, 1967) James Manor, The Expedient Utopian: Bandaranaike and Ceylon (Cambridge, 1989). HL Seneviratne, The work of Kings: The New Buddhism in Sri Lanka (Chicago, 1999) Jonathan Spencer, Jonathan Goodhand and Benedict Korf eds. Conflict and Peace-building in Sri Lanka (London, 2010)

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