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    Chem 154 Molecular Motion

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    JenYerro
    This document provides experimental data from a determination of transference numbers using a Hittorf cell. Cadmium was deposited at the cathode and analysis of the anode solution found cadmium iodide present. The document also provides molar conductivity data for ammonium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium nitrate at varying concentrations to calculate the limiting molar conductivity and degree of ionization of ammonium hydroxide. Finally, conductivity measurements are given for picric acid to calculate the thermodynamic dissociation constant.

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    Chem 154 Molecular Motion

    Uploaded by

    JenYerro
    143 views8 pages
    This document provides experimental data from a determination of transference numbers using a Hittorf cell. Cadmium was deposited at the cathode and analysis of the anode solution found cadmium iodide present. The document also provides molar conductivity data for ammonium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium nitrate at varying concentrations to calculate the limiting molar conductivity and degree of ionization of ammonium hydroxide. Finally, conductivity measurements are given for picric acid to calculate the thermodynamic dissociation constant.

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    This document provides experimental data from a determination of transference numbers using a Hittorf cell. Cadmium was deposited at the cathode and analysis of the anode solution found cadmium iodide present. The document also provides molar conductivity data for ammonium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium nitrate at varying concentrations to calculate the limiting molar conductivity and degree of ionization of ammonium hydroxide. Finally, conductivity measurements are given for picric acid to calculate the thermodynamic dissociation constant.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    143 views8 pages

    Chem 154 Molecular Motion

    Uploaded by

    JenYerro
    This document provides experimental data from a determination of transference numbers using a Hittorf cell. Cadmium was deposited at the cathode and analysis of the anode solution found cadmium iodide present. The document also provides molar conductivity data for ammonium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium nitrate at varying concentrations to calculate the limiting molar conductivity and degree of ionization of ammonium hydroxide. Finally, conductivity measurements are given for picric acid to calculate the thermodynamic dissociation constant.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8
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    The passage discusses calculation of transference numbers and degrees of dissociation using conductance measurements.

    Oxidation of cadmium at the cathode and reduction of iodide at the anode.

    Hittorf method was used to calculate the transference numbers of Cd2+ and I- in a CdI2 solution. The results are given in the passage.

    Yerro, Jennylyn Z.

    Jan. 13, 2012

    2009-23621

    MM-003

    Solution:

    A determination of the transference numbers of cadmium and iodide ions by


    Hittorf gave the following data: A stock solution of CdI 2 was prepared, and its
    concentration was determined, by precipitation of iodide as AgI, to be 0.002763g
    of CdI2 per gram of solution. Another sample of this solution was placed in a
    Hittorf transference-number cell, and current was passed through the cell. It was
    found out that 0.03462g cadmium was deposited at the cathode by the passage
    of the current. Furthermore, analysis of the anode compartment solution, which
    weighed 152.643g, indicated the presence of 0.3718g of cadmium iodide. (a)
    What are the electrode reactions? (b) How many coulombs of charge were
    passed through the cell in the experiment? (c) What are the transference
    numbers of Cd2+ and I- in the solution? (d) What was the change in the
    equivalents of CdI2 in the cathode compartment?

    Molar conductivity (S cm2 mol-1) data at 18oC and varying concentration are

    MM-006
    given:

    c, M
    0.00100
    0.0100
    0.100
    , (NH4NO3)
    124.25
    118.00
    106.60
    , (KOH)
    234.0
    228.0
    213.0
    , (KNO3)
    123.7
    118.2
    104.8
    From these data calculate the limiting molar conductivity of NH4OH. If = 28, 9.6,
    3.3 S cm2 mol-1 at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1M, respectively, what is its degree of
    ionization () at these concentrations?
    Solution:
    NH4NO3 + KOH KNO3 + NH4OH
    0M NH4OH = (NH4+) + (OH-)
    = 0M (KOH) + 0M (NH4NO3) - 0M (KNO3)
    1/ M = 1/ 0M + CM/Ka(0M)2
    1/ M =[ 1/Ka(0M)2]x CM + 1/ 0M resembles the linear equation y=mx + b
    So y (1/ M) vs. x (CM) was plotted.
    A plot of 1/ M vs. C M for each species.
    For NH4NO3:
    (NH4NO3)
    124.25
    118
    106.6

    1/M
    0.00804829
    0.008474576
    0.009380863

    c
    0.001
    0.01
    0.1

    CM
    0.12425
    1.18
    10.66

    1/M vs. CM(NH4NO3)


    0.0096
    y = 0.0001143x + 0.0081789
    R = 0.9491521

    0.0094
    0.0092
    1/M

    0.009
    0.0088
    0.0086
    0.0084
    0.0082
    0.008
    0.0078
    0

    6
    CM

    10

    12

    For KOH:
    (KOH)

    1/M
    c
    234 0.004273504
    228 0.004385965
    213 0.004694836

    CM
    0.001
    0.234
    0.01
    2.28
    0.1
    21.3

    1/M

    1/M vs. CM(KOH)


    0.00475
    0.0047
    0.00465
    0.0046
    0.00455
    0.0045
    0.00445
    0.0044
    0.00435
    0.0043
    0.00425

    y = 0.0000185x + 0.0043046
    R = 0.9705334

    10

    15

    20

    25

    CM

    For KNO3:
    (KNO3)
    123.7
    118.2
    104.8

    1/M
    c
    0.008084074
    0.008460237
    0.009541985

    CM
    0.001
    0.01
    0.1

    0.1237
    1.182
    10.48

    1/M vs. CM(KNO3)

    0.0098

    y = 0.0001312x + 0.0081801
    R = 0.9752017

    0.0096
    0.0094

    1/M

    0.0092
    0.009
    0.0088
    0.0086
    0.0084
    0.0082
    0.008
    0

    6
    CM

    The equations of the line for the three species are:

    10

    12

    NH4NO3: y = 0.0001143x + 0.0081789


    KOH: y = 0.0000185x + 0.0043046
    KNO3: y = 0.0001312x + 0.0081801
    To get for the 0M:
    y-intercept, b, of each equation of the line corresponds to 1/ 0M. (0M= 1/b)
    For NH4NO3: y = 0.0001143x + 0.0081789
    0M= 1/b =1/0.0081789
    0M= 122. 266 S cm-2 mol-1
    For KOH: y = 0.0000185x + 0.0043046
    0M= 1/b =1/0.0043046
    0M= 232.310 S cm-2 mol-1
    For KNO3: y = 0.0001312x + 0.0081801
    0M= 1/b =1/0.0081801
    0M= 122.248 S cm-2 mol-1
    0M NH4OH = 0M (KOH) + 0M (NH4NO3) - 0M (KNO3)
    = 122.266 + 232.310 - 122.248
    0M= 232.328 S cm-2 mol-1
    0M NH4OH = 232.328 S cm-2 mol-1
    Degree of ionization:
    = M/ 0M
    At 0.001 M:
    = M/ 0M 28/232.328
    = 0.1205

    At 0.01 M:
    = M/ 0M 9.6/232.328
    = 0.04132

    At 0.1M:
    = M/ 0M 3.3/232.328
    = 0.01420

    MM- 016
    Using conductance measurements the degrees of dissociation for picric acid in
    methanol were measured at 25oC in different concentrations. The results are as follows,
    c (M)

    0.001563
    0.003125
    0.00625
    0.3131
    0.2408
    0.1820
    Calculate the thermodynamic dissociation constant.

    0.0125
    0.1379

    Solution:
    Ka= 2c/ (1-) 1/= 1+ c/Ka which is a linear equation y=mx +b. If y is 1/ and x is c, then
    the slope would be m= 1/Ka
    A plot of 1/ vs. c was constructed.
    c
    0.001563
    0.003125
    0.00625
    0.0125

    c
    1/

    0.000489
    0.3131 3.193868
    0.000753
    0.2408 4.152824
    0.001138
    0.182 5.494505
    0.001724
    0.1379 7.251632

    1/ vs. c (Picric Acid)

    y = 3,279.54713x + 1.65911
    R = 0.99782

    7
    6

    1/

    5
    4
    3
    2
    1
    0
    0

    0.0005

    0.001
    c

    0.0015

    0.002

    The plot generates the equation of the line y = 3,279.54713x + 1.65911. The slope m= 1/Ka
    would become Ka= 1/m.
    Ka=1/m =1/3,279.54713
    Ka= 3.049 x 10-4
    Ka= 3.049 x 10-4

    MM-030
    The conductivity, at 18oC, of a saturated silver iodate solution is 1.9 x 10-3 S m-1
    more than the water used to prepare the solution. The sum of the ionic limiting molar
    conductivity of Ag+ and IO3- is found from measurements on more soluble salts to be 0.00873 S
    m2 mol-1. (a) Calculate its solubility product at 18oC. (b) What value of the solubility is obtained if
    it is assumed that no species other than Ag+ and IO3- is present in the solution?
    Solution:
    M= /c C= / M
    C= 1.9 x 10-3 S m-1/ 0.00873 S m2 mol-1
    C= 0.2176 mol m-3
    Ksp= [Ag+][IO3-] =(0.2176 mol m-3)2
    (a)
    Ksp= 0.04734 mol2 mol-6
    (b) solubility= 0.2176 mol m-3
    solubility= 0.2176 mol m-3

    MM-060
    The moving boundary method was applied to a 0.02000 mol/dm3 aqueous NaCl
    o
    solution at 25 C using CdCl2 as the following solution. For a current held constant at 1.600mA, it
    was found that the boundary moved 10.00 cm in 3453s in a tube of average cross-sectional
    area 0.1115 cm2. The conductivity of this NaCl solution at 25oC is 0.002313 S cm-1. Calculate
    uNa+ and tNa+ in this solution.
    Solution:
    = z+F += / zF
    = 0.002313 S cm-1/(1x 9.648x104 C/mol)
    Na+ = 2.3974 x 10-8

    t= zcVF/It
    V= 2r2l 2(0.1115)10 V= 2.23 cm3
    C= 0.0200 mol/ dm3 = 2x10-5 mol /cm3
    t= [(1)( 2x10-5 mol /cm3)( 2.23 cm3)( 9.648x104 C/mol)]/ (1.6x 10-3 A)(3453s)
    tNa+= 0.77885

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