Chapter 01 .
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA PROGRAMMING
What is Java Language?
• Java is a high-level, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language developed by Sun
Microsystems in 1995 (now owned by Oracle Corporation).
• Java is developed by James gosling.
Key points
• Creator / Inventor: James Gosling
• Team: Green Team (Sun Microsystems)
• Organization: Sun Microsystems
• Year Developed: 1995
• Now Owned By: Oracle Corporation (acquired Sun Microsystems in 2010)
Why we learn java language?
Strong Job Opportunities – High demand in software and IT companies
Huge Community Support – Easy to get help, tutorials, and libraries
Helps in Competitive Coding – Fast and efficient for solving algorithms
Strong Foundation – Builds logic and programming skills useful for learning other languages
Widely Used in Enterprises – Banking, e-commerce, and large systems use Java
History of Java language
• Java was developed by James Gosling and his team at Sun Microsystems in 1991.
• Originally named “Oak”, it was later renamed to Java.
• Released in 1995, Java introduced the concept of “Write Once, Run Anywhere” using the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).
• In 2010, Oracle Corporation acquired Java from Sun Microsystems.
• Over time, Java became widely used in web, enterprise, and Android development.
• Java is still evolving with regular updates (latest versions: Java 17, 21) and remains one of the most popular
programming languages in the world.
Features of Java
• High-Level
Easy to read, write, and understand like human language
• Object-Oriented
Focuses on real-world entities (objects), enabling modular, reusable code
• Platform Independent
“Write Once, Run Anywhere” – Java programs run on any OS with JVM installed
• Secure
Built-in security features (e.g., bytecode verification, sandboxing)
• Robust
Strong memory management, automatic garbage collection
• Multithreaded
Allows multiple threads (lightweight processes) to run simultaneously
• Portable
Code can move across platforms without modification
• Interpreted & Compiled
Java source code is compiled into bytecode, which is interpreted by the JVM
Application of java
Web Applications
Backend development using Servlets, JSP, Spring, Hibernate
Examples: Banking portals, e-commerce websites
Mobile Applications (Android)
Java is one of the primary languages for Android app development
Examples: Mobile games, utility apps, e-wallets
Enterprise Applications
Large-scale business systems (Java EE/Spring Boot)
Examples: ERP systems, Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Game Development
Used with libraries like LibGDX for 2D/3D game development
Examples: Mobile and desktop games
Internet of Things (IoT)
Java is used in embedded systems and smart devices
Examples: Smart TVs, IoT gateways
JDK architecture
JDK
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a cross-platformed software development environment that
offers a collection of tools and libraries necessary for developing Java-based software
applications and applets. It is a core package used in Java, along with the JVM (Java Virtual
Machine) and the JRE (Java Runtime Environment).
JDK=JRE+Development Tools
JRE
The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is software that Java programs require to run correctly. Java is a
computer language that powers many current web and mobile applications. The JRE is the underlying
technology that communicates between the Java program and the operating system.
JVM
The main feature of Java is WORA. WORA stands for Write Once Run Anywhere. The feature states that we
can write our code once and use it anywhere or on any operating system. Our Java program can run any of the
platforms only because of the Java Virtual Machine. It is a Java platform component that gives us an
environment to execute java programs. JVM’s main task is to convert byte code into machine code.
Basic Syntax of Java programming
Public class HelloWorld
{
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(“Hello, Java!”);
}
}
Syntax explanation
public class HelloWorld
Defines a class named HelloWorld. All Java code must be inside a class.
{ ... }
Curly braces define the body of a class or method.
public static void main(String[] args)
The main method – entry point of the Java program.
• Public
Accessible from anywhere (outside the class too) – required by JVM
• Static
Can run without creating an object of the class
• Void
The method does not return any value
• Main
The name of the method called by JVM to start the program
• String[] args
Parameter that takes command-line arguments as input
System.out.println("...");
Prints text to the screen (console output).
; (semicolon)
Every statement ends with a semicolon in Java.
