Chapter 1.
Language and Fundamentals of Programming
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Q1. What is a Language?
In computing, a language refers to a system of communication used to write instructions that a
machine, typically a computer, can understand and execute.
Q2. What are the different types of language?
Types of Languages(Based on understandability of human or system), there are two categories:
1. Natural Language
- Used by humans for communication, such as English, Spanish, etc.
- Ambiguous and context-dependent.
2. Programming Language
- A formal language used to write instructions for computers.
- Consists of a set of rules (syntax) and semantics that define how instructions are structured and
interpreted.
- Programming languages enable the creation of algorithms and logic to solve problems, automate
tasks, and process data.
Q3. What are the characteristics of Programming language?
The characteristics of a Programming Language are:
- Syntax: Defines the rules for writing valid code (e.g., structure of statements, use of symbols).
- Semantics: Determines the meaning of the instructions written in the language.
Q4. What are the types of language as a developer you must have idea on?
i. Low-Level Languages:
- Closer to machine code, hard to understand for humans.
- Examples: Assembly language, Machine code.
Chapter 1. Language and Fundamentals of Programming
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- Advantages: More control over hardware, faster execution.
ii. High-Level Languages:
- Closer to human language, easy to understand and use.
- Examples: Python, Java, C++, JavaScript.
- Platform-independent, easy to debug and maintain.
iii. Middle-Level Languages:
- Provide low-level access and high-level features (e.g., C).
Q5. Give some examples of popular programming languages.
For Web Development: JavaScript, HTML, CSS, PHP.
For Mobile App Development: Java, Kotlin, Swift.
For Game Development: C++, Unity (C#).
For Data Science: Python, R.
For System Programming: C, Rust.
***Java can be used in developing all the above-given domains.
WHY TO LEARN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
- Automates repetitive tasks.
- Solves complex problems.
- Builds innovative software and applications.
- High demand in the job market with lucrative career opportunities.
Q6. What are the types of Applications in Programming?
Applications are categorized based on their functionality, target audience, and platform:
Chapter 1. Language and Fundamentals of Programming
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1. Desktop Applications:
- Description: Software installed and run on personal computers or laptops.
- Examples: Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop, VLC Media Player.
- Technologies Used: Java (Swing, JavaFX), C# (.NET Framework), Python (Tkinter, PyQt).
2. Web Applications:
- Description: Applications accessed via web browsers over the internet.
- Examples: Gmail, Facebook, Amazon.
- Technologies Used: Frontend: HTML, CSS, JavaScript (React, Angular), Backend: Java (Spring),
Python (Django).
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