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Fundamentals Computer Programming Concepts

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including key features, basic components, and the IPO cycle (Input, Processing, Output, Storage). It also introduces programming concepts such as algorithms, syntax, and debugging, along with variables and data types. Additionally, a simple Python project for a calculator and an explanation of number systems are included.

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aurahero999
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5 views2 pages

Fundamentals Computer Programming Concepts

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including key features, basic components, and the IPO cycle (Input, Processing, Output, Storage). It also introduces programming concepts such as algorithms, syntax, and debugging, along with variables and data types. Additionally, a simple Python project for a calculator and an explanation of number systems are included.

Uploaded by

aurahero999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Computer & Programming Concepts

1. Fundamentals of Computer

A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, stores information, and produces
output.

Key Features:
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Automation
- Storage
- Versatility
- Diligence

2. Basic Components of Computer

- Input Unit: Keyboard, Mouse, etc.


- CPU (Central Processing Unit): Processes data
- Memory/Storage: RAM, ROM, Hard Disk, SSD, etc.
- Output Unit: Monitor, Printer, Speaker

3. Input Devices

Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Webcam, Touchscreen

4. Output Devices

Examples: Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Projector

5. Storage Devices

- Primary: RAM, ROM


- Secondary: HDD, SSD, CD/DVD, Pen Drive
- Tertiary: Magnetic Tape
- Cloud Storage: Google Drive, Dropbox, etc.

6. IPO Cycle
Fundamentals of Computer & Programming Concepts

Input -> Processing -> Output -> Storage

7. Programming Concepts

Programming is the process of creating instructions for a computer to follow.

Basic Concepts:
- Algorithm: Step-by-step instructions
- Syntax: Rules for writing code
- Debugging: Fixing errors

8. Variables and Data Types

- Variable: Named storage for data (e.g., x = 10)


- Data Types:
- Integer: Whole numbers (e.g., 5)
- Float: Decimal numbers (e.g., 5.5)
- String: Text (e.g., "Hello")
- Boolean: True or False

9. Small Python Project

# Simple Calculator in Python


a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
print("Sum is:", a + b)

10. Number System (Basics)

- Binary: Base 2 (0,1)


- Decimal: Base 10 (0-9)
- Octal: Base 8 (0-7)
- Hexadecimal: Base 16 (0-9, A-F)

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