Python Data Types: Operations & Methods Cheat Sheet
📘 String (str)
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Methods:
lower(), upper(), strip(), replace(), split(), find(), count(),
startswith(), endswith(), join(), title(), splitlines(), lstrip(),
rstrip(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isalnum(), partition(), format(), encode()
Operations:
Concatenation: 'Hi' + '!' → 'Hi!'
Repetition: '-' * 10 → '----------'
Length: len('Python') → 6
Membership: 'a' in 'apple' → True
Slicing: text[2:5] → substring
Formatting:
f"Value: {x}" (f-strings)
"{}".format(var) (format method)
🔢 Integer (int)
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Methods:
bit_length(), to_bytes(), from_bytes(), as_integer_ratio()
Operations:
Arithmetic:
7 + 3 → 10 (Addition)
7 - 3 → 4 (Subtraction)
7 * 3 → 21 (Multiplication)
7 // 3 → 2 (Floor division)
7 % 3 → 1 (Modulus)
7 ** 3 → 343 (Exponentiation)
Bitwise:
5 & 3 → 1 (AND)
5 | 3 → 7 (OR)
5 ^ 3 → 6 (XOR)
5 << 1 → 10 (Left shift)
5 >> 1 → 2 (Right shift)
~5 → -6 (NOT)
🔢 Float
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Methods:
is_integer(), hex(), fromhex(), as_integer_ratio()
Operations:
2.5 + 1.5 → 4.0
5.0 / 2 → 2.5
round(3.14159, 2) → 3.14
float.is_integer(5.0) → True
Comparisons: 3.0 > 2.9 → True
📜 List
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Methods:
append(), extend(), insert(), remove(), pop(), clear(), sort(),
reverse(), copy(), count(), index()
Operations:
Concatenation: [1,2] + [3] → [1,2,3]
Repetition: [0] * 3 → [0,0,0]
Length: len([1,2,3]) → 3
Membership: 3 in [1,2,3] → True
Slicing: lst[1:3] → sublist
Sum: sum([1,2,3]) → 6
Min/Max: min([1,2,3]) → 1, max([1,2,3]) → 3
List Comprehension: [x*2 for x in lst]
Unpacking: a, b, c = [1,2,3]
📦 Set
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Methods:
add(), remove(), discard(), pop(), clear(), union(), intersection(),
difference(), symmetric_difference(), update(), isdisjoint(), issubset(),
issuperset()
Operations:
Union: {1,2} | {2,3} → {1,2,3}
Intersection: {1,2} & {2,3} → {2}
Difference: {1,2} - {2,3} → {1}
Symmetric Difference: {1,2} ^ {2,3} → {1,3}
Membership: 3 in {1,2,3} → True
Subset: {1} <= {1,2} → True
Set Comprehension: {x**2 for x in s}
🧱 Tuple
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Methods:
count(), index()
Operations:
Concatenation: (1,2) + (3,) → (1,2,3)
Repetition: ('Hi',) * 2 → ('Hi','Hi')
Length: len((1,2,3)) → 3
Membership: 2 in (1,2,3) → True
Slicing: tup[1:] → (2,3)
Unpacking: x, y, z = (10,20,30)
Sum: sum((1,2,3)) → 6
🔑 Dictionary (dict)
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Methods:
get(), keys(), values(), items(), pop(), popitem(), clear(),
copy(), update(), setdefault(), fromkeys()
Operations:
Value Access: d['key'] → value
Key Check: 'key' in d → True
Length: len(d) → number of keys
Key Deletion: del d['key']
Merge (Python 3.9+): d1 | d2
Dictionary Comprehension: {k:v*2 for k,v in d.items()}
Safe Access: d.get('missing', default) → default value
Key Notes:
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• Immutability: Strings, tuples, integers, floats are immutable
• Order Preservation: Lists, tuples, and dicts (Python 3.7+) maintain insertion
order
• Comprehensions: Available for lists, sets, and dictionaries
• Unpacking: Works with lists, tuples, and dictionaries (for keys)