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SQL Notes and Practice Questions

The document provides an overview of basic SQL commands including SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, along with examples. It covers advanced topics such as JOINs, aggregate functions, and the use of ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of SQL concepts.

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5 views3 pages

SQL Notes and Practice Questions

The document provides an overview of basic SQL commands including SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, along with examples. It covers advanced topics such as JOINs, aggregate functions, and the use of ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of SQL concepts.

Uploaded by

shivamverma63970
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Notes Summary & Practice Questions

Basic SQL Commands

SELECT - retrieve data

INSERT - add new data

UPDATE - modify existing data

DELETE - remove data

Example: SELECT * FROM customers;

SELECT name FROM customers WHERE age > 30;

ORDER BY and WHERE

SELECT * FROM customers WHERE country = 'India' AND age > 18 ORDER BY name;

SELECT DISTINCT

SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table;

WHERE Clause with Operators

SELECT * FROM table WHERE age > 30 AND country = 'India';

SELECT * FROM table WHERE NOT country = 'USA';

ORDER BY

SELECT * FROM customers ORDER BY name ASC;

Aggregate Functions

COUNT() - Total number of entries

SUM() - Total sum

AVG() - Average value

MIN() - Minimum value

MAX() - Maximum value

Example: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE gender = 'Male';


JOINs

INNER JOIN: SELECT * FROM A INNER JOIN B ON A.id = B.id;

LEFT JOIN: SELECT * FROM A LEFT JOIN B ON A.id = B.id;

RIGHT JOIN: SELECT * FROM A RIGHT JOIN B ON A.id = B.id;

INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

INSERT: INSERT INTO table (col1, col2) VALUES (val1, val2);

UPDATE: UPDATE table SET column = value WHERE condition;

DELETE: DELETE FROM table WHERE condition;

CREATE, DROP, RENAME TABLE

CREATE TABLE tablename (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50));

DROP TABLE tablename;

RENAME TABLE old_name TO new_name;

GROUP BY and HAVING

SELECT dept, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY dept HAVING AVG(salary) > 50000;
Practice Questions
1. What SQL command is used to retrieve data from a table?

2. Write a query to select unique countries from a 'customers' table.

3. Which function returns the number of rows in a result set?

4. How do you sort the result set in descending order by a column named 'salary'?

5. Write a query to find all employees with salary > 50000 using HAVING.

6. What is the difference between INNER JOIN and LEFT JOIN?

7. Provide the syntax to add a new record to a 'students' table.

8. Write a query to update the age of a customer whose name is 'John'.

9. How do you delete all records from the 'orders' table where quantity = 0?

10. What does the following query do?

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department = 'HR';

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