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C Programing Notes

C is a powerful programming language known for its speed and efficiency, used for software and system programming. Key features include simple syntax, low-level hardware access, and a structured program format with components like preprocessor directives and functions. Understanding C enhances knowledge of computer operations and includes concepts such as data types, variables, control statements, functions, arrays, pointers, and file handling.

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9 views3 pages

C Programing Notes

C is a powerful programming language known for its speed and efficiency, used for software and system programming. Key features include simple syntax, low-level hardware access, and a structured program format with components like preprocessor directives and functions. Understanding C enhances knowledge of computer operations and includes concepts such as data types, variables, control statements, functions, arrays, pointers, and file handling.

Uploaded by

Tito Timotheo Lunala
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to C Programming

C is a powerful and popular programming language used to create software, operating


systems, and apps. It is known for its speed and efficiency.

1. Features of C
- Simple and fast

- Works on different computers

- Used for system programming (e.g., making operating systems)

- Allows low-level (hardware) access

- Has many libraries and functions

2. Structure of a C Program
A C program has the following parts:

- Preprocessor directives – Tells the compiler to include necessary files (e.g.,


#include<stdio.h>)

- Main function – The starting point of every C program (int main() {})

- Statements and expressions – The code that runs inside {}

- Return statement – Ends the main function (return 0;)

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}

3. Basic Data Types in C


- int – Stores whole numbers (e.g., 10, -5)

- float – Stores decimal numbers (e.g., 5.5, -3.14)

- char – Stores single characters (e.g., 'A', 'b')

- double – Stores larger decimal numbers


4. Variables and Constants
Variables store values that can change (e.g., int age = 20;)

Constants store fixed values (e.g., #define PI 3.14)

5. Operators in C
Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %

Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

Logical: && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT)

6. Control Statements
If Statement (Decision Making):

if (age > 18) {


printf("You are an adult.\n");
}

Loops (Repeating tasks):

For loop: Runs a fixed number of times

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {


printf("%d\n", i);
}

While loop: Runs until a condition is false

int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
printf("%d\n", i);
i++;
}

7. Functions in C
A function is a block of code that performs a task.

void greet() {
printf("Hello, welcome to C!\n");
}
int main() {
greet();
return 0;
}

8. Arrays in C
An array stores multiple values of the same type.

int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};


printf("First number: %d", numbers[0]);

9. Pointers in C
Pointers store memory addresses.

int a = 10;
int *ptr = &a;
printf("Value: %d", *ptr); // Prints 10

10. File Handling in C


C can read and write files.

FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("file.txt", "w");
fprintf(fptr, "Hello, File!\n");
fclose(fptr);

Conclusion
C is a strong language used in many areas, including systems programming and embedded
systems. Learning C helps understand how computers work at a deep level.

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