1:-

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String name = "Rafiq";
int age = 40;
double salary = 1200;
char grad= 'A';
boolean isActive= true;
System.out.println("Name:"+name);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("Salary: " + salary);
System.out.println("Grad: " + grad);
System.out.println("IsActive: " + isActive);

}
}

Stage 1: Java Basics (Week 1–2)

🔹 1. Introduction to Java
What is Java?
Java is a programming language.
That means you can use Java to create software and apps that run on computers, websites, and mobile
phones (especially Android).

✅ Java is object-oriented.
This means Java is built using small parts called objects, like blocks. These objects help organize the code
and make programs easier to manage and grow.

✅ Java is used everywhere.

You can find Java being used in:

Android mobile apps 📱

Web applications 🌐

Banking systems 💳

Games 🎮

Smart cards, ATMs, and more 💼

✅ Java is popular because:

It is simple to learn for beginners.

It works on all computers (Windows, Mac, Linux).

It is safe and secure.

It can run the same program on different devices – "Write once, run anywhere."

✅ Example:
If you make a Java program on your company computer, that same program can work on another
computer or even on a phone — you don’t need to change anything!
Features of Java
2. Features of Java – Easy English Explanation

✅ 1. Simple

Java is easy to read and write.

If you know basic English and logic, you can understand Java code.
It removes confusing parts of older languages like C++.

✅ 2. Object-Oriented

Java uses objects and classes to organize code.

This makes programs clean, easy to update, and easy to reuse.

🔸 Example: A car can be an object with properties (color, speed) and actions (drive, stop).

✅ 3. Platform Independent

This means: You write your program once, and it works anywhere.
Java code runs on any computer that has Java installed (because of something called JVM –
Java Virtual Machine).

🔸 Example: You write a program on Windows. It can run on Linux or Mac too.

✅ 4. Secure

Java is designed to be safe.

It doesn’t allow viruses to harm your computer easily through code.
It runs programs in a protected area called the sandbox.
✅ 5. Robust (Strong and Reliable)

Java catches many errors during coding.

It has strong memory management, so programs don’t crash easily.

✅ 6. Portable

Java code is very mobile — it works the same on different systems and devices.
That’s why Java is used for Android, servers, and even smart devices.

✅ 7. Multithreaded

Java can do many tasks at the same time.

This helps build fast apps like games or downloading + playing music together.

✅ 8. High Performance

Java is faster than many other programming languages because it is compiled into bytecode
(special machine-readable code).

✅ 9. Distributed

Java supports programs that run across many computers in a network.

This is useful in large apps like banking, airline systems, or online games.

Java vs other languages

🔹 3. Java vs Other Languages – Easy English Comparison

Let’s compare Java with some other popular languages like C, C++, Python, and JavaScript.

✅ 1. Java vs C
 Java C

Object-Oriented (uses classes & objects) Not object-oriented

Easy to manage big programs Harder to manage big programs

Runs on any platform (Windows, Mac, Linux) Needs separate versions for each system

Slower than C (because of extra safety) Faster but less safe

🔸 Summary: Java is easier and safer, C is faster but more difficult for beginners.

✅ 2. Java vs C++

Java C++

No pointers (safer) Uses pointers (harder and risky)

No multiple inheritance (simpler) Supports multiple inheritance (can be confusing)

Runs anywhere using JVM Needs different setup for each system

Garbage collection (automatic memory cleaning) You clean memory manually

🔸 Summary: Java is simpler and more secure; C++ gives more control but is harder to manage.

✅ 3. Java vs Python

Java Python

Faster in big applications Slower in performance

Strict in rules and syntax Easy and flexible syntax

Better for Android apps, large systems Better for beginners, quick scripts, AI, data science

Needs more code to do the same task Needs less code

🔸 Summary: Java is better for large, strong apps. Python is easier to learn and write.

✅ 4. Java vs JavaScript
 Java JavaScript

Used for back-end and Android apps Used for websites (front-end)

Compiled language (runs in JVM) Interpreted language (runs in browser)

Strongly typed Loosely typed

Slower to start, but strong for big apps Fast in browsers, but limited for big systems

🔸 Summary: Java is for full apps and systems; JavaScript is mainly for websites.

✅ Final Thoughts:

 Java is great for strong, secure, and portable applications.

 It is widely used in Android apps, banking, enterprise systems, and servers.
 It may be a little harder than Python, but it’s better for big, long-term projects.

How Java runs (JVM, JRE, JDK)

4. How Java Runs (JVM, JRE, JDK) – Easy English Explanation

When you write a Java program, it doesn't run directly like a normal app. Java follows a special
3-step process:

✅ Step 1: You Write Code

You write your code in a .java file.

Example:

java
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public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

✅ Step 2: Code is Compiled

Java uses a compiler to convert your .java file into bytecode (a special kind of code).
This bytecode is saved in a .class file.

📁 Example:

 You write: Hello.java →

 Compiler makes: Hello.class (bytecode)

✅ Step 3: Code Runs with JVM

Now the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) reads the .class file and runs it on your computer.

🔍 What Are JVM, JRE, and JDK?

✅ 1. JVM (Java Virtual Machine)

 It runs your Java program.

 It understands bytecode and translates it to your computer's language.
 JVM = Runs the Java app
✔️Required to run any Java program.

✅ 2. JRE (Java Runtime Environment)

 It includes JVM + extra tools (like libraries).

 Needed to run Java programs.
 You install this on your computer to use Java apps.

🧰 Think of JRE like a toolbox to help JVM do its job.

✅ 3. JDK (Java Development Kit)

 It includes JRE + tools to write Java code, like the compiler.

 You need JDK to write and build Java programs.
✔️If you are a Java developer (like you), you need JDK.
🔁 Simple Summary:
Term Use

JVM Runs your Java programs (reads .class file)

JRE Helps run Java programs (includes JVM + libraries)

JDK Helps write and build Java programs (includes JRE + compiler)

📌 Example:

 End user only needs JRE to run a Java app.

 Developers (like you) need JDK to write, compile, and run Java code.

🔹 2. Java Setup and First Program

2. Java Setup and First Program – Easy English Explanation

This topic will help you understand:

1. How to set up Java

2. How to write your first simple Java program
3. What each line of code means

✅ A. How to Set Up Java (If you were using your own PC)

Since you are learning on Replit.com or W3Schools, you don't need to install anything. But for
general knowledge:

To set up Java:

1. Download and install JDK from the official site.

2. Use a code editor like:
o Notepad++ or VS Code
o IntelliJ IDEA (for advanced users)
3. Write your code → Save it with .java extension
4. Compile and run using terminal/command prompt

📌 But you don’t need this if you're learning online — Replit & W3Schools handle setup for you!

✅ B. Your First Java Program

Here’s a simple Java program:

java
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public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

✅ C. What This Code Means (Line by Line)

Code Meaning

This defines a class named Hello. Every Java program

public class Hello
must be inside a class.

{ Open a block of code

public static void main(String[] This is the main method. It’s where the program starts
args) running.

System.out.println("Hello, This prints text to the screen. In this case, it shows:

World!"); Hello, World!

} Close the block of code

✅ D. Output:

When you run this program, the screen will show:

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Hello, World!

💡 Notes:

 System.out.println() is used to display a line of text.

 Every Java statement ends with a ; (semicolon).
 The file name should match the class name: Hello.java
Basic program structure (public class, main())
🔹 3. Basic Program Structure (public class, main()) – Easy English
Explanation

Every Java program follows a basic structure. You must write your code in a specific format so
that Java understands it.

Here’s the simplest example:

java
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public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

✅ Let's Break It Down:

🔸 public class Hello

 class means: you are creating a blueprint or a container for your code.
 Hello is the name of the class. You can use any name, but it must match the file name.

🧠 Think of a class like a folder 📁 that holds your program.

🔸 public static void main(String[] args)

This is the main method. It is the starting point of every Java program.

Let’s understand each word:

Word Meaning

public Anyone can access this method (open to all).

static Java can run this method without creating an object.

void This method does not return any value.

main This is the main function where your program starts.

(String[] This means the program can receive text input when it runs. (Don't worry if this looks
 Word Meaning

args) confusing — beginners usually ignore this part for now.)

🧠 Java looks for the main() method to begin running your code.

🔸{ } – Curly Braces

 {opens a block of code.

 }closes it.
 Everything inside these braces belongs to that part of the program.

🔸 System.out.println("Hello, World!");

This line prints something on the screen.

Here it will show:

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Hello, World!

You can change the message like this:

java
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System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");

Output:

css
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Welcome to Java!

✅ Summary

📌 Basic structure of a Java program:

java
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public class ClassName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Your code here
}
}
  Replace ClassName with your class name (like Hello)
 Put your code inside the main() method

– How to display output

System.out.println()
4. System.out.println() – How to Display Output – Easy English
Explanation

✅ What does it do?

System.out.println() is a command in Java that prints text on the screen.

Think of it like this:

🗣️It tells the computer:

“Say this on the screen.”

✅ Basic Example:
java
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System.out.println("Hello, World!");

📌 Output:

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Hello, World!

It shows the message inside the quotes (" ").

✅ How to Use It

 Always write text inside double quotes " ".

 End the line with a semicolon ;.
 You can write as many System.out.println() as you want.

✅ Multiple Outputs Example:

java
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System.out.println("Good Morning!");
System.out.println("Welcome to Java.");
System.out.println("Let’s learn together!");

📌 Output:

vbnet
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Good Morning!
Welcome to Java.
Let’s learn together!

Each line is printed on a new line.

✅ Print Numbers
java
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System.out.println(123); // No quotes needed for numbers

📌 Output:

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123

✅ Combine Text + Numbers

java
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System.out.println("Your score is: " + 90);

📌 Output:

csharp
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Your score is: 90

💡 The + sign joins text and numbers together in the output.

✅ What’s the difference between println and print?

Command What it does

System.out.println() Prints and goes to new line

 Command What it does

System.out.print() Prints and stays on same line

🧪 Example:

java
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System.out.print("Hello ");
System.out.print("World!");

📌 Output:

nginx
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Hello World!

✅ Summary:

Task Command Example

Print text System.out.println("Hello!");

Print number System.out.println(100);

Combine text + number System.out.println("Age: " + 25);

Stay on same line System.out.print("Hi "); System.out.print("there!");

Comments in Java (//, /* */)

5. Comments in Java (//, /* */) – Easy English Explanation

✅ What are Comments?

 Comments are notes inside your code.

 The computer ignores comments when running the program.
 Comments help you or other people understand the code better.

🧠 Think of comments like sticky notes 📝 in your code — they don’t affect the program.

✅ Two Types of Comments in Java:

🔸 1. Single-Line Comment – //

 Use // to write a comment on one line.

🔹 Example:

java
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// This is a comment
System.out.println("Hello"); // This prints Hello

📌 Output:

nginx
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Hello

✔️The comment is ignored — it’s just for understanding.

🔸 2. Multi-Line Comment – /* */

 Use /* to start the comment, and */ to end it.

 This is used when you want to write a comment over multiple lines.

🔹 Example:

java
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/* This is a multi-line comment
It does not run
It is only for explanation */
System.out.println("Welcome to Java");

📌 Output:

css
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Welcome to Java

✅ Why Use Comments?

 To explain what your code does

 To make your code easy to read
 To disable code temporarily (without deleting it)
✅ Example: Disabling Code
java
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System.out.println("Line 1");
//
// System.out.println("Line 2"); // This line is turned off
//
System.out.println("Line 3");

📌 Output:

scss
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Line 1
Line 3

✅ Summary:

Comment Type Syntax Use

Single-line // your comment For short notes

Multi-line /* your comment */ For longer notes

🔹 3. Java Syntax
Code blocks, indentation
🔹 6. Java Syntax: Code Blocks & Indentation – Easy English Explanation

✅ What is "Syntax"?

 Syntax means the rules of a language.

 Just like grammar in English, Java has rules for writing code.
 If you don’t follow the rules, Java shows an error.

✅ A. What is a Code Block?

 A code block is a group of lines that work together.

 In Java, a block is always written inside curly braces { }.
🔹 Example:
java
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public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome!");
System.out.println("To Java.");
}
}

Let’s break it down:

Code What it is

{ ... } These are code blocks

Everything inside { } Belongs to the class or method

🧠 Always open a block with { and close it with }

✅ B. Indentation (Spacing for Readability)

 Indentation means adding spaces or tabs before lines of code.

 Java doesn’t require indentation to run — but it helps you and others read the code
easily.
 Use 2–4 spaces or a tab for indentation.

🔹 Example Without Indentation (Hard to Read):

java
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public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Bad formatting");
}
}

🔹 Same Code With Good Indentation (Easy to Read):

java
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public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 System.out.println("Good formatting");
}
}

✅ C. Key Syntax Rules in Java:

Rule Example

End every statement with a ; System.out.println("Hi");

Use {} for blocks if, for, while, class, method, etc.

Use correct spelling (case-sensitive) main, not Main

Strings must be in "" "Hello"

Comments don’t affect the code // this is a comment

✅ Summary:
Concept Meaning

{ } Group code into blocks

Indentation Helps humans read the code

Semicolon ; End of a Java statement

Case-sensitive main ≠ Main

Code should be clean Write neatly using indentation

Naming rules for variables, classes

🔹 7. Naming Rules for Variables and Classes – Easy English Explanation

When you write Java code, you must give names to things like:

 Variables – to store values

 Classes – to group your code

Java has rules and best practices for naming. Let’s go over them clearly.

✅ A. Variable Naming Rules

🔸 A variable is like a container that holds a value.

Example:

java
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int age = 25;
String name = "Ali";

✅ Rules for Naming Variables:

Rule Example

✅ Must start with a letter, underscore _, or dollar sign

age, _score, $price
$

❌ Cannot start with a number 2age ❌ (Not allowed)

✅ Can contain letters, numbers, _, or $ my_score1, total$amount

❌ No spaces allowed my score ❌

❌ No special symbols like @, %, ^, ! @name ❌

✅ Java is case-sensitive Age ≠ age

int, class, public ❌ (these are reserved

❌ Cannot use Java keywords
words)

💡 Best Practices (Good Habits):

 Use camelCase style:

➤ Start with a small letter, then use capital letters for new words.
✅ Example: studentName, totalMarks, finalScore
 Choose meaningful names:
✅ Good: age, price, studentName
❌ Bad: a, x1, data123

✅ B. Class Naming Rules

🔸 A class is like a blueprint that holds Java code.

✅ Rules for Naming Classes:

Rule Example

✅ Must start with a letter Car, Person

 Rule Example

✅ Can contain letters, numbers, and _ MyClass1, Data_Set

✅ Use PascalCase (Capital first letter of each word) StudentInfo, BankAccount

❌ No spaces or special characters My Class ❌, Bank@Code ❌

💡 Best Practices:

 Class names should always begin with a capital letter

✅ Animal, SchoolData, WarehouseStock
 Make class names clear and meaningful
✅ Good: BookStore, InvoiceManager
❌ Bad: x, abc, MyClass1 (avoid unless temporary)

✅ Summary Table
Item Style Example

Variable camelCase studentName, totalMarks

Class PascalCase StudentInfo, OrderSystem

Must not use Spaces, start with number, Java keywords

Allowed Letters, numbers, _, $ (but not common)

🔹 4. Java Variables and Data Types

Declaring variables: int, String, boolean, double
🔹 4. Java Variables and Data Types

✅ What is a Variable?

 A variable is like a box that stores some data (a number, text, true/false, etc.).
 You give each variable a name, and Java remembers the value inside it.

✅ How to Declare a Variable in Java?

The basic format is:

java
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dataType variableName = value;

Example:
java
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int age = 25;
String name = "Ali";

🔸 A. int (for whole numbers)

 Use int to store whole numbers (no decimal).

 Example numbers: 5, 100, -10

java
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int age = 30;
int items = 50;

🧠 Think: "int" = integer (whole number)

🔸 B. double (for decimal numbers)

 Use double to store numbers with decimal points.

 Example: 3.14, 99.99, -0.5

java
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double price = 19.99;
double height = 5.7;

🧠 Think: "double" = double-precision number (more detailed)

🔸 C. String (for text/words)

 Use String to store text or words.

 Always put text in double quotes " ".

java
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String name = "Ali";
String city = "Jubail";
🧠 Think: "String" = sequence of letters or words

🔸 D. boolean (true or false)

 Use boolean to store yes/no, on/off, or true/false values.

java
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boolean isStudent = true;
boolean hasDrivingLicense = false;

🧠 Think: "boolean" = true or false only

✅ Full Example:
java
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public class PersonInfo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int age = 25;
double height = 5.9;
String name = "Sara";
boolean isStudent = true;

System.out.println("Name: " + name);

System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("Height: " + height);
System.out.println("Student: " + isStudent);
}
}

📌 Output:

vbnet
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Name: Sara
Age: 25
Height: 5.9
Student: true

✅ Summary Table
Data Type Use For Example

int Whole numbers int score = 100;

double Decimal numbers double price = 45.75;

String Text/words String name = "Ali";
Data Type Use For Example

boolean True or false boolean isOpen = true;

Type conversion and casting

5. Type Conversion and Casting – Easy English Explanation

✅ What is Type Conversion?

Type conversion means changing one data type into another.

Example:
Changing an int (whole number) to a double (decimal number), or vice versa.

✅ Two Types of Conversion:

Type What it means Done by

Widening (Automatic) Small type → Bigger type Java (automatically)

Narrowing (Manual) Bigger type → Smaller type You (manually, using casting)

🔸 A. Widening (Automatic Conversion)

 Happens when Java automatically changes a smaller type into a bigger one.
 ✅ No data loss
 ✅ No need to write anything special

🔹 Example:
java
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int num = 10;
double result = num; // int to double
System.out.println(result);

📌 Output:

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10.0

🧠 int changed into double automatically.

🔸 B. Narrowing (Manual Conversion or Casting)

 Happens when you want to change a bigger type into a smaller type
 ❗ Can cause data loss
 You must do it manually using casting

🔹 Syntax for casting:

java
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dataType newVariable = (newType) oldVariable;

🔹 Example:
java
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double price = 99.99;
int newPrice = (int) price; // double to int
System.out.println(newPrice);

📌 Output:

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99

🔸 The decimal part (.99) is removed — only the whole number is kept.

✅ Why Use Casting?

 To control how data is handled

 When storing a big value in a small box (like double → int)
 Useful in math, games, graphics, etc.

✅ One More Example:

java
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int a = 5;
int b = 2;
double result = (double) a / b;
System.out.println(result);
📌 Output:

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2.5

🔸 Here, we casted a to double, so division becomes decimal.

✅ Summary Table:
Type Example Done By Data Loss?

Widening (auto) int → double Java ❌ No

Narrowing (manual) double → int You (with cast) ✅ Yes

✅ Casting Syntax
java
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int a = (int) 5.7; // a = 5
double b = (double) 3; // b = 3.0
🔹 5. Java Operators
Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
Java Operators – Arithmetic Operators

✅ What are Operators?

 Operators are symbols that tell Java to do a math action.

 Example: + means add, * means multiply.

✅ Java Arithmetic Operators

Operator Meaning Example Result

+ Add 5 + 2 7

- Subtract 5 - 2 3

* Multiply 5 * 2 10

/ Divide 5 / 2 2 (for int), 2.5 (for double)

% Modulus (remainder) 5 % 2 1
🔸 1. + (Addition)

Adds two numbers.

java
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int a = 10 + 5; // 15

🔸 2. - (Subtraction)

Subtracts the second number from the first.

java
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int b = 10 - 3; // 7

🔸 3. * (Multiplication)

Multiplies two numbers.

java
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int c = 4 * 2; // 8

🔸 4. / (Division)

Divides the first number by the second.

java
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int d = 10 / 2; // 5
int e = 7 / 2; // 3 (int removes decimal)
double f = 7.0 / 2; // 3.5 (with decimal)

🧠 If both numbers are int, the result is int. Use double for decimal results.

🔸 5. % (Modulus)

Gives the remainder after division.

java
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int g = 10 % 3; // 1
int h = 15 % 4; // 3

🧠 Think of % as: "What’s left after dividing?"

✅ Example Code:
java
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public class MathExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10 + 5;
int b = 10 - 3;
int c = 4 * 2;
double d = 7.0 / 2;
int e = 10 % 3;

System.out.println("Add: " + a);

System.out.println("Subtract: " + b);
System.out.println("Multiply: " + c);
System.out.println("Divide: " + d);
System.out.println("Remainder: " + e);
}
}

📌 Output:

makefile
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Add: 15
Subtract: 7
Multiply: 8
Divide: 3.5
Remainder: 1

✅ Summary Table
Symbol Action Example Result

+ Add 6 + 4 10

- Subtract 6 - 4 2

* Multiply 6 * 4 24

/ Divide 6 / 4 1 (int), 1.5 (double)

% Remainder 6 % 4 2
Comparison: ==, !=, >, <
Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

✅ What are Comparison Operators?

 Comparison operators compare two values.

 The result is always true or false.
 These are used in conditions, like in if statements.

✅ Common Comparison Operators

Operator Meaning Example Result

== Is equal to 5 == 5 true

!= Is not equal to 5 != 3 true

> Greater than 5 > 3 true

< Less than 2 < 4 true

>= Greater than or equal to 5 >= 5 true

<= Less than or equal to 3 <= 5 true

🔸 Examples in Code
java
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public class CompareExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;

System.out.println(a == b); // false

System.out.println(a != b); // true
System.out.println(a > b); // true
System.out.println(a < b); // false
System.out.println(a >= 10); // true
System.out.println(b <= 5); // true
}
}

📌 Output:

arduino
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false
true
true
false
true
true

🔸 Use in if condition:
java
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int age = 20;

if (age >= 18) {

System.out.println("You are an adult.");
}

📌 Output:

sql
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You are an adult.

✅ Summary Table
Expression Meaning Example Result

== Equal 3 == 3 → true

!= Not equal 3 != 4 → true

> Greater than 5 > 2 → true

< Less than 1 < 2 → true

>= Greater or equal 4 >= 4 → true

<= Less or equal 2 <= 3 → true

Logical: &&, ||, !

🔹 Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

✅ What Are Logical Operators?

Logical operators are used to combine or reverse conditions (true/false).

They help us make decisions using more than one condition.
✅ The 3 Main Logical Operators:
Operator Name Meaning

&& AND True if both conditions are true

` `

! NOT Reverses the result (true → false, false → true)

🔸 1. && (AND)

 Both conditions must be true → then result is true.

🔹 Example:
java
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int age = 25;
int salary = 3000;

if (age > 18 && salary > 2000) {

System.out.println("You are eligible.");
}

✅ Both are true → prints: You are eligible.

🔸 2. || (OR)

 Only one condition must be true → result is true.

🔹 Example:
java
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int age = 17;
boolean hasPermission = true;

if (age >= 18 || hasPermission) {

System.out.println("You can enter.");
}

✅ One is true (hasPermission) → prints: You can enter.

🔸 3. ! (NOT)

 Reverses the value.

 !true becomes false, and !false becomes true.

🔹 Example:
java
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boolean isRaining = false;

if (!isRaining) {
System.out.println("Go outside.");
}

✅ !false = true → prints: Go outside.

✅ Summary Table
Operator Symbol Example Result

AND && true && true true

OR ` `

NOT ! !false true

✅ One More Example:

java
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int a = 10;
int b = 5;

System.out.println(a > 5 && b < 10); // true

System.out.println(a < 5 || b < 10); // true
System.out.println(!(a == b)); // true
✅ Stage 2: Control Flow (Week 3–4)
🔹 6. Conditional Statements
if, else if, else
Nested if statements
switch statements
🔹 7. Java Loops
while loop
do...while loop
for loop
break and continue
🔹 8. User Input (optional but useful)
Using Scanner to take input from user

✅ Stage 3: Java Methods (Week 5)

🔹 9. Methods in Java
Defining and calling methods
Method parameters and return values
static vs instance methods

✅ Stage 4: Object-Oriented Programming (Week 6–7)

🔹 10. Java Classes and Objects
Creating classes
Creating and using objects
🔹 11. Constructors
Default and parameterized constructors
🔹 12. Encapsulation
private, public, getters, setters
🔹 13. Inheritance
extends keyword
Overriding methods
🔹 14. Polymorphism (basic)
Method overloading and overriding

✅ Stage 5: Arrays and Collections (Week 8)

🔹 15. Arrays
Declaring and using arrays
Looping through arrays
🔹 16. ArrayList (Collections Intro)
Adding/removing elements
Looping through ArrayList

✅ Stage 6: Final Projects (Week 9–10)

🔹 17. Mini Java Projects
Calculator
Student Record System
Number Guessing Game
🔹 18. Revision and Practice
Review all topics
Practice quizzes or W3Schools exercises
Ask ChatGPT for practice problems

📝 How to Use This Plan:

Follow one topic each day.
Open W3Schools Java (https://www.w3schools.com/java/)
Read, try examples, and ask ChatGPT if you don’t understand.
Use Replit.com to practice writing Java code online (no need to install anything).
Save this plan in MS Word and tick ✅ each topic when you complete it.