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Model Question Paper-sem I/II with effect from 2022-23 (CBCS

Scheme)

USN
First/Second Semester B.E. Degree Examination
Introduction to Python Programming
TIME: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100

Note: 01. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing at least ONE question from each MODULE.

Bloom’s
Module -1 Taxonomy Marks

.IN
Level
Q.01 a What is an arithmetic expression? . What is the output of this statement? CO2-L3 6
‘hello world’ + 100 + ’how are you’ explain the reason if the statement
produces an error.

C
An arithmetic expression is a combination of numbers, operators, and
parentheses that represents a mathematical calculation. The operators can be
N
addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), exponentiation (^),
or any other valid arithmetic operator.
SY

‘hello world’ + 100 + ’how are you’

OUTPUT:
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
U

The above statement will produce an error because you cannot concatenate a
string and an integer without converting the integer to a string first.
VT

Here's what happens when you run the statement:

1. The string 'hello world' is concatenated with the integer 100, which causes a
TypeError because you can only concatenate strings together.

b Discuss various methods of importing modules in Python programs. CO1 – L1 7

Which method is best?. Explain.

To use functions, classes, or variables defined in a module, it needs to be

imported in the program. There are several ways to import modules in Python
programs, including:

1. 1.
2. import module_name: This statement imports the entire module and allows
you to use its functions, classes, and variables with the module_name. prefix.
For example:
import math
print(math.pi)
2. 2.
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3. from module_name import function_name : This statement imports a
specific function from a module and allows you to use it without the
module_name. prefix. For example:

from math import pi

print(pi)

3. 3.
4. import module_name as alias_name: This statement imports a module and
gives it an alias name to use in the program. For example:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])

4. 4.
5. from module_name import *: This statement imports all functions, classes,
and variables from a module into the program's namespace. However, this
method is generally discouraged because it can lead to naming conflicts and
make the code harder to read and understand.

.IN
c What is the lambda function? Explain with an example of addition of two CO2 – L1 7
numbers.
In Python, a lambda function is a small anonymous function that can take any
number of arguments, but can only have one expression. Lambda functions are
useful when you need a simple function for a short period of time and do not
C
want to define a full function using the def statement. Lambda functions are
defined using the keyword lambda , followed by the function's arguments and
N
expression.
SY

Here is an example of a lambda function that adds two numbers:

addition = lambda x, y: x + y
print(addition(2, 3))
U

In this example, we defined a lambda function called addition that takes

two arguments x and y and returns their sum. The lambda function is then
called with the arguments 2 and 3, and the result 5 is printed to the console.
VT

OR
Q.02 a What is a flow control statement?. Discuss if and if else statements with CO1 - L1 7
flow chart.

A flow control statement is a programming statement that controls the flow

of execution in a program. It allows the program to make decisions and
choose different paths of execution based on certain conditions. The two
most common flow control statements in Python are if and if-else.
Simple if: If statements are control flow statements that help us to run a
particular code, but only when a certain condition is met or satisfied. A
simple if only has one condition to check.

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EXAMPLE:
n = 10
if n % 2 == 0:
print("n is an even number")

if-else: The if-else statement evaluates the condition and will execute the
body of if if the test condition is True, but if the condition is False, then
the body of else is executed.

.IN
EXAMPLE:
n=5
if n % 2 == 0:
print("n is even")
else: C
N
print("n is odd")
SY

b Write a python program to add n numbers accepted from the user. CO2 – L3 7

n = int(input("How many numbers do you want to add? "))

total = 0
U

for i in range(n):
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
total += num
VT

print("The sum of the entered numbers is:", total)

OUTPUT:
How many numbers do you want to add? 5
Enter a number: 1
Enter a number: 2
Enter a number: 3
Enter a number: 4
Enter a number: 5
The sum of the entered numbers is: 15.0
c How can you prevent a python program from crashing? discuss different CO2 – L2 6
ways to avoid crashing.

There are several ways to prevent a Python program from crashing. Here are
some of them:
Input validation: One common cause of program crashes is invalid input.
You can prevent this by validating user input before processing it.

Error handling: Python has built-in error handling mechanisms, such as try-
except blocks, which can catch and handle errors that may cause a program to
crash.
Memory management: You can prevent these types of errors by managing
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memory carefully, such as releasing unused memory or avoiding infinite
loops.
Testing and debugging: Finally, one of the best ways to prevent program
crashes is to thoroughly test and debug your code. This includes writing unit
tests to validate your code and using debugging tools, such as print
statements or a debugger, to identify and fix issues before they cause a crash.

Module-2
Q. 03 a Discuss list and dictionary data structure with example for each. CO2 – L1 6

.IN
C
N
b write a python program to accept n numbers and store them in a list. Then CO2 – L2 6
SY

print the list without ODD numbers in it.

n = int(input("How many numbers do you want to enter? "))

U

numbers = []

for i in range(n):
VT

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

numbers.append(num)

even_numbers = [num for num in numbers if num % 2 == 0]

print("The even numbers in the list are:", even_numbers)

OUTPUT:
How many numbers do you want to enter? 5
Enter a number: 3
Enter a number: 4
Enter a number: 5
Enter a number: 2
Enter a number: 6
The even numbers in the list are: [4, 2, 6]
c For a=[‘hello’, ‘how’, [1,2,3], [[10,20,30]]] what is the output of following CO2 – L3 8
statement (i) print( a[ : : ] ) (ii) print(a[-3][0]) (iii) print(a[2][ : -1])
(iv) print(a[0][ : : -1])

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For the given list a=[‘hello’, ‘how’, [1,2,3], [[10,20,30]]], the output of
the following statements will be:

(i) print(a[::]) will print the entire list a as it is. The output will be:

['hello', 'how', [1, 2, 3], [[10, 20, 30]]]

(ii) print(a[-3][0]) will print the first element of the third element of the list a .
The third element of a is the list [1, 2, 3], and the first element of that list is 1.
The output will be:
1
(iii) print(a[2][:-1]) will print all the elements of the third element of the list a ,
except the last element. The third element of a is the list [1, 2, 3], and all its
elements except the last element is [1, 2]. The output will be:
[1, 2]

(iv) print(a[0][::-1]) will print the first element of the list a in reverse order.
The first element of a is the string 'hello', and its reverse order is 'olleh'. The
output will be:

.IN
'olleh'

OR
Q.04 a
C
write a python program to read dictionary data and delete any given key
entry in the dictionary.
CO3 – L23 7
N
# Read the dictionary from the user
n = int(input("How many key-value pairs do you want to enter? "))
SY

d = {}

for i in range(n):
key = input("Enter a key: ")
U

value = input("Enter a value: ")

d[key] = value
VT

# Get the key to delete from the user

key_to_delete = input("Enter the key to delete: ")

# Delete the key from the dictionary if it exists

if key_to_delete in d:
del d[key_to_delete]
print("Key deleted successfully.")
else:
print("Key not found in dictionary.")

# Print the updated dictionary

print("Updated dictionary:", d)
OUTPUT:
How many key-value pairs do you want to enter? 3
Enter a key: 1
Enter a value: 10
Enter a key: 2
Enter a value: 20
Enter a key: 3
Enter a value: 30
Enter the key to delete: 2
Key deleted successfully.
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Updated dictionary: {'1': '10', '3': '30'}

b Explain different clipboard functions in python used in wiki markup CO2 – L2 6

Here are some of the commonly used clipboard functions in Python that can be
used in wiki markup:

1. pyperclip.copy(text) - This function copies the given text to the clipboard. The
text argument is a string that contains the text to be copied.
2. pyperclip.paste() - This function retrieves the current contents of the clipboard
and returns it as a string.
3. pyperclip.cut() - This function cuts the current selection from the clipboard and
returns it as a string.
4. pyperclip.clear() - This function clears the contents of the clipboard.

c Using string slicing operation write python program to reverse each word CO2 – L3 8
in a given string (eg: input: “hello how are you”, output: “olleh woh era
uoy”)

.IN
# Reverse each word of a Sentence
# Function to Reverse words
def reverseword(s):

w = s.split(" ")
C
# Splitting the Sentence into list of words.
# reversing each word and creating a new list of words
N
# apply List Comprehension Technique
nw = [i[::-1] for i in w]
# Join the new list of words to for a new Sentence
SY

ns = " ".join(nw)
return ns
# Driver's Code
s = input("ENTER A SENTENCE PROPERLY ::")
print(reverseword(s))
U

OUTPUT:
ENTER A SENTENCE PROPERLY ::
VT

hello how are youolleh woh era uoy

Module-3
Q. 05 a Discuss different paths of file system. CO3 – L2 6

In Python, the os module provides several functions for working with the file
system. These functions allow you to manipulate file paths, check if files or
directories exist, create new directories, and perform other operations on the file
system. Here are some of the commonly used paths of file system in Python:

1. Absolute path: An absolute path is the full path of a file or directory, starting
from the root directory of the file system. In Unix-based systems, the root
directory is typically denoted by a forward slash (/), while in Windows systems, it
is denoted by a backslash (). For example, "/home/user/myfile.txt" is an absolute
path on a Unix system, while "C:\Users\User\Documents\myfile.txt" is an
absolute path on a Windows system.
2.
3. Relative path: A relative path is a path that is relative to the current working
directory of the program.
4. For example, "mydir/myfile.txt" is a relative path that specifies a file called
"myfile.txt" located in a directory called "mydir" that is located in the current
working directory.
5. Parent path: A parent path is a path that points to the parent directory of a file or
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directory. This can be specified using the ".." directory name. For example, if the
current working directory is "/home/user/mydir", then the parent directory can
be referred to as "../".

b Explain how to read specific lines from a file?. illustrate with python CO5 – L2 6
Program
To read specific lines from a file in Python, you can use a combination of the
open() function and the readlines() method. The open() function is used to
open the file in read mode, while the readlines() method is used to read all the
lines in the file and return them as a list of strings. Once you have the list of lines,
you can access specific lines by using list indexing.

Here's an example Python program that demonstrates how to read specific lines
from a file:

# Open the file in read mode

with open("example.txt", "r") as f:

# Read all the lines in the file and store them in a list

.IN
lines = f.readlines()

# Print the first line of the file

print("First line:", lines[0])

# Print the third line of the file

print("Third line:", lines[2]) C
N
In this program, we open a file called "example.txt" in read mode using the
SY

open() function. We then use the readlines() method to read all the lines in the
file and store them in a list called lines.
c What is logging? how this would be used to debug the python program? CO3 – L3 8
U

Logging is a technique used in programming to record and report events that

occur during the execution of a program. It provides a way to track the behavior
of a program and helps in identifying issues and debugging problems. The
VT

logging module in Python provides a flexible and efficient way to handle logging
in Python programs.

Let's understand the following example.

Example -
import logging
logging.debug('The debug message is displaying')
logging.info('The info message is displaying')
logging.warning('The warning message is displaying')
logging.error('The error message is displaying')
logging.critical('The critical message is displaying')

Output:

WARNING:root:The warning message is displaying

ERROR:root:The error message is displaying
CRITICAL:root:The critical message is displaying

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OR
Q. 06 a What is the use of ZIP? how to create a ZIP folder explain. CO3 – L2 6

Compressed ZIP files reduce the size of the original directory by applying
compression algorithm. Compressed ZIP files result in faster file sharing over a
network as the size of the ZIP file is significantly smaller than original file.

Example
Following is an example to create ZIP file using multiple files −

import os
from zipfile import ZipFile

# Create a ZipFile Object

with ZipFile('/home/secabiet/test.zip', 'w') as zip_object:
# Adding files that need to be zipped
zip_object.write('/home/secabiet/test/test1')
zip_object.write('/home/secabiet/test/a.py')
zip_object.write('/home/secabiet/test/b.py')

.IN
# Check to see if the zip file is created
if os.path.exists('/home/secabiet/test.zip'):
print("ZIP file created")
else:
print("ZIP file not created")
OUTPUT
ZIP file created C
N
SY
U
VT

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b wite an algorithm for implement multi clipboard functionality CO5 – L2 6

Here is an algorithm for implementing multi clipboard functionality:

1. 1. Create an empty dictionary to hold the clipboard data.

1. 2. Define a function named addToClipboard that takes two arguments - a
name for the clipboard and the data to be stored in the clipboard.
2. 3. Inside the function addToClipboard , add the name and data to the
clipboard dictionary as a key-value pair.
3. 4. Define another function named getFromClipboard that takes one
argument - the name of the clipboard to retrieve data from.
4. 5. Inside the function getFromClipboard , retrieve the data associated with
the name key from the clipboard dictionary.
5. 6. Return the data retrieved from the clipboard.
6. 7. Finally, implement a user interface that allows the user to interact with the
clipboard functions. This can include commands to add data to the clipboard,
retrieve data from the clipboard, and list all available clipboards.

.IN
c Discuss how lists would be written in the file and read from the file? CO3 – L3 8

C
Here's an example of how to write a list to a file:
# Define a list to write to the file
N
mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Open the file for writing

SY

with open('my_list.txt', 'w') as f:

# Convert the list to a string and write it to the file
f.write(str(mylist))
U

To read the list from the file, we can use the ast.literal_eval() function from the
ast module to safely evaluate the string as a Python expression:
VT

import ast

# Open the file for reading

with open('my_list.txt', 'r') as f:
# Read the string from the file
str_list = f.read()
# Convert the string to a list using ast.literal_eval()
mylist = ast.literal_eval(str_list)

# Print the list to verify that it was read correctly

print(mylist)

Module-4
Q. 07 a Define the terms with example: (i) class (ii) objects (iii) instance variables CO3 – L1 6

(i) Class: A class in Python is a blueprint for creating objects. It is a code

template that defines the attributes and methods that an object can have.
In other words, a class is a collection of related data and functions that
operate on that data.
(ii) Objects: An object is an instance of a class. It is created from the blueprint
provided by the class, and has its own unique identity, state, and
behavior. In other words, an object is a specific instance of a class that has
its own values for the attributes defined by the class.
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(iii) Instance variables: Instance variables are attributes that are specific to
each instance of a class. They are created when an object is instantiated,
and can have different values for different instances of the same class.
Instance variables are accessed using the self keyword within the class
methods.

b create a Time class with hour, min and sec as attributes. Demonstrate how CO3 – L3 8
two Time objects would be added.

class Time:
hour=0
minute=0
second=0
def print_time(t):
print('%.2d:%.2d:%.2d' % (t.hour, t.minute, t.second))
def add_time(t1, t2):
sum=Time()
sum.hour = t1.hour + t2.hour
sum.minute = t1.minute + t2.minute
sum.second = t1.second + t2.second

.IN
return sum
t1 = Time()
t1.hour = 9
t1.minute = 45
t1.second = 0
t2 = Time()
t2.hour = 1 C
N
t2.minute = 35
t2.second = 0
t3 = Time()
SY

t3=Time.add_time(t1,t2)
Time.print_time(t3)
OUTPUT:
10:80:00
U

c Discuss str () and init () methods used in class definition. CO3 – L2 6

VT

The init () method is used to initialize the object's attributes

class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

The str () method is used to provide a string representation of the object.

class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

def __str__(self):
return f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}"
p = Person("John", 25)
print(p)

# Output:
Name: John, Age: 25
OR
Q. 08 a What is Encapsulation? Discuss with an example in which access CO3 – L2 4
specifiers are used in class definition.
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Encapsulation is a principle of object-oriented programming that involves
bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit,
such as a class.

Encapsulation provides several benefits, including:

 Improved code maintainability

 Better code organization
 Reduced code complexity
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model, year):
self._make = make
self._model = model
self._year = year

def _start_engine(self):
print("Engine started.")

.IN
def drive(self):
self._start_engine()
print("Driving...")

C
In this example, the attributes make, model, and year and the method
_start_engine are intended to be private, as indicated by the leading underscore
in their names.
N
These members are still accessible from outside the class, but it is a convention
that they should not be accessed directly.
SY

Instead, we should use the public methods of the class, such as the drive method,
which can call the private _start_engine method as needed.
b What is a class diagram? Create empty class and corresponding class CO3 – L3 8
U

diagram for following statements (i) class A derives from class B and
Class C (ii) Class D derived from Class A defined in statement (i)
VT

Using this syntax, we can create the following empty classes and
corresponding class diagram for the given statements:

(i) Class A derives from class B and Class C

class B:
pass

class C:
pass

class A(B, C):

pass

OUTPUT:
B C
\ /
\/
A

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(ii) Class D derived from Class A defined in statement (i)
class D(A):
pass
OUTPUT:
B C
\ /
\/
A
|
D

c discuss polymorphism and demonstrate with and python program. CO3 – L2 8

The word polymorphism means having many forms. In programming,

polymorphism means the same function name (but different signatures) being
used for different types. The key difference is the data types and number of
arguments used in function.
Example 1:
# len() being used for a string
print(len("SECAB"))

.IN
# len() being used for a list
print(len([10, 20, 30]))
OUTPUT:
5
3

Example 2:
C
N
def add(x, y, z = 0):
return x + y+z
SY

# Driver code
print(add(2, 3))
print(add(2, 3, 4))
OUTPUT:
U

5
9
Module-5
VT

Q. 09 a write python program to read cell 2C from sheet 2 of workbook CO4 – L2 6

b explain how pdf pages would created in a pdf document with example. CO4 – L2 6
c What is JSON? discuss with example. Compare it with dictionary CO4 – L3 8
OR
Q. 10 a compare and contrast Excel and CSV files. CO4 – L2 6
b Demonstrate how a Class would be converted into JSON object with an CO4 – L3 8
example.
c Explain how a page from different PDFs files would be merged into a new CO4 – L3 6
PDF file?

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